1. Henry K. Silver, Loretta C. Ford, and S. G. Stearly, “A Program to Increase Health Care for Children: The Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Program,” Pediatrics, 1967; 39:756–760; Henry K. Silver, Loretta C. Ford, and L. R. Day, “Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Program,” Journal of American Medical Association, 1968; 204:298–303; and Loretta C. Ford, “Nurse Practitioners: History of a New Idea and Predictions for the Future,” Nursing in the 1980s, ed. Linda Aiken (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1982). [BACK]

2. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Nurse Practitioners, Physician Assistants, and Certified Nurse Midwives: A Policy Analysis (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1986), and P. C. Myers, D. Lenci, and M. G. Sheldon, “A Nurse Practitioner as First Point of Contact for Urgent Medical Problems in a General Practice Setting,” Family Practice, 1997; 6: 412–417. [BACK]

3. The Registered Nurse Population, March 2000: Findings from the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (Washington, D.C.: Department of

4. Edward Sekscenski, Stephanie Sansom, Carol Bazell, Marla Salmon, and Fitzhugh Mullan, “State Practice Environments and the Supply of Physician Assistants, Nurse Practitioners, and Certified Nurse Midwives,” New England Journal of Medicine, 1994; 231:1266–1271; and L. J. Pearson, “Annual Update of How Each State Stands on Legislative Issues Affecting Advanced Nursing Practice,” Nurse Practitioner, 1999; 24:16–19, 23–24, 27–30. [BACK]

5. C. L. Hudson, “Expansion of Medical Professional Services with Non-Professional Personnel,” Journal of American Medical Association, 1961; 176: 839–841. [BACK]

6. Useful reflections on the history of the physician assistant profession include Ronald Berg, “More Than a Nurse, Less Than a Doctor ,” Look, September 6, 1966; Reginald D. Carter, “Socio-Cultural Origins of the P.A. Profession,” Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 1992; 9:655– 662; C. E. Fasser, “Historical Perspectives on P.A. Education,” Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 1992; 5:663–670; Steven Cornell “Once Upon a Time: Longtime P.A.s Talk about the History of the Profession,” Advance for Physician Assistants, July 2000, pp. 48–50; and Marianne Mellon, “P.A. Profile: Looking Backward,” P.A. Today, September 28, 1998, pp. 20–30. [BACK]

7. American Academy of Physician Assistants, Information Update, October 8, 1999, Alexandria, Va., p. 3. [BACK]