1. Translated in Howard Sachar,A History of Israel, From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976), p. 8. [BACK]

2. Walter Laqueur,A History of Zionism (New York: Holt, 1972). [BACK]

3. David Ben-Gurion,Maarechet Sinai (Tel Aviv:Am Oved, 1964), p. 130. [BACK]

4. Stuart Schoenfeld, personal communication, June 3, 1998. [BACK]

5. Oz Almog,The Sabra—A Profile (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1997), p. 255. [BACK]

6. See: L. White, “The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crises,” Science 155 (1967): 1203–1207. [BACK]

7. Manfred Gerstenfeld, “Jewish Attitudes to the Environment in the Bible's Narrative,” in Judaism, Environmentalism and the Environment (Jerusalem: Institute for Israel Studies, 1999), 163–207. [BACK]

8. Yoav Sagi in The Zionist Dimension of Nature Preservation (Jerusalem: Ministry of Education, 1981), p. 4. [BACK]

9. Aaron David Gordon,The Human and Nature (Jerusalem: Zionist Press, 1951), p. 44. [BACK]

10. “Biographical Sketches,”Eretz Israel (New York: Jewish National Fund, 1932), pp. 111–112. [BACK]

11. Rachel Blubstein, “Sham Harei Golan,”Rachel's Poems (Tel Aviv: Davar, 1978), translation by William Slott, 1998. [BACK]

12. R. Y. Ben Zvi,We Immigrate (Jerusalem: Am Oved, 1975), p. 22, as cited in Izhak Schnell, “Nature and Environment in the Socialist-Zionist Pioneers' Perceptions: A Sense of Desolation,”Ecumene 4, no. 1 (1995): 69. [BACK]

13. R. Avraham Yitzhak Hakohen Kook,A Vision of Vegetarianism and Peace (Jerusalem: Lahai Ro'i, 1961), p. 207. [BACK]

14. Josef Tamir, “A Chosen Land or a Lousy Land,”Green, Blue and White (April 1998), p. 36. [BACK]

15. R. Aryeh Levine, in Simcha Raz,A Tzadik in Our Times (Jerusalem, 1976), pp. 108–109. [BACK]

16. Avner De-Shalit, “From the Political to the Objective: The Dialectics of Zionism and the Environment,”Environmental Politics 4 (1995): 70–87. [BACK]

17. Interview with Eilon Schwartz, Tel Aviv, January 12, 1998. [BACK]

18. Michael Bar-Zohar,Ben-Gurion, A Biography (New York: Delacorte Press, 1977), pp. 6–12. [BACK]

19. Ibid., p. 21. [BACK]

20. David Ben-Gurion,Divrei ha-Knesset, 1963, p. 331. [BACK]

21. David Ben-Gurion (1962) as quoted in Science and Technology (Jerusalem: Israel Information Center, 1997), 1. [BACK]

22. Tom Segev,1949, The First Israelis (New York: Free Press, 1986), p. 150. [BACK]

23. Interview with Eilon Schwartz, Tel Aviv, January 12, 1998. [BACK]

24. Stuart Schoenfeld, personal communication, June 3, 1998. [BACK]

25. Avner De-Shalit, “From the Political to the Objective: The Dialectics of Zionism and the Environment,”Environmental Politics 4 (1995): 75–76. [BACK]

26. Interview with Yizhak Shamir, Tel Aviv, November 24, 1997. [BACK]

27. Avram Burg, lecture at the Annual Meeting, Society for Protection of Nature, Tel Aviv, January 13, 1998. [BACK]

28. Meron Benvenisti, “An Image of a Homeland,”Conflicts and Contradictions (New York: Eshel, 1989), 19. [BACK]

29. Einat Ramon, “The Zionist Myth of the Mother: The Land of Israel in the Thought of A. D. Gordon, ” presented at the Annual Conference,Association of Jewish Studies, Boston, December 14, 1993, p. 14 (copy with author). [BACK]

30. Sachar,op. cit., pp. 154–155. [BACK]

31. Amos Oz, “On Loving the Land,” in The Zionist Dimension of Nature Preservation (Jerusalem: Ministry of Education, 1981), p. 14. [BACK]

32. H. P. Simonsen, ed.The Significance of the Frontier in American History (New York: Ungar, 1963). [BACK]

33. Adam Werbach, keynote address, Eco Zionism Conference, Marin County, California, March 1997. [BACK]

34. Bar-Zohar,op. cit., p. 14. Ben-Gurion's numbers have no clear empiri-cal basis, and many experts believe them to be far smaller. Gideon Biger, per-sonal communication, March 5, 1999. [BACK]

35. Ibid., p. 16. [BACK]

36. Meir Dizengoff,On Tel Aviv and Its Life Styles (Tel Aviv: Yediot Iriyat, 1934), p. 2. [BACK]

37. Almog,op. cit., p. 266. [BACK]

38. Interview with Ra'anan Weitz, Jerusalem, January 12, 1998. [BACK]

39. Amos Keinan, “To Understand the Land,” in The Zionist Dimension of Nature Preservation (Jerusalem: Ministry of Education, 1981), p. 20. [BACK]

40. Iris Milner, “The Rabbit's Foot,”Ha-Aretz, August 22, 1998. [BACK]

41. Heinrich Mendelssohn, personal interview,Tel Aviv University,August 27, 1997. [BACK]

42. See generally Benvenisti,op. cit., pp. 19–23. [BACK]

43. Eliezer Livneh, Yosef Nedbeh, and Yoram Efrati,NILI (Jerusalem: Shoken, 1980), pp. 61–62. Three years later, twenty-eight-year-old Feinberg was killed on a mission for the pro-British NILI spy ring. [BACK]

44. Almog,op. cit., p. 255. [BACK]

45. Azariah Alon, personal interview, Kibbutz Beit ha-Shita, September 15, 1997. [BACK]

46. Azariah Alon, “By the Side of the Abandoned Train Bank,”Teva V' Aretz, vol. 254, p. 46. [BACK]

47. Almog,op. cit., p. 259. [BACK]

48. Ibid., p. 268. [BACK]

49. Ibid., p. 260. [BACK]

50. Uri Marinov, presentation, September 19, 1997, Anglo-Israel Colloquium, Suffolk, England. [BACK]

51. Noah Efron, personal communication, April 5, 1998. [BACK]

52. The Blue Mountain is the title of the English translation of Roman Russi (Russian Novel). Meir Shalev, personal communication, November 11, 1998. [BACK]

53. Meir Shalev, oral presentation, Kibbutz Ketura, Purim, 1997. [BACK]

54. Meron Benvenisti, “Part II,”Moment, January-February 1986, p. 26. [BACK]

55. Benvenisti, “An Image of a Homeland,” pp. 17–47. [BACK]

56. Benvenisti, “Part II,” p. 24. [BACK]

57. Avner De-Shalit, “Where Do Environmentalists Hide?” in Our Shared Environment—The Conference 1994, ed. Robin Twite and Robin Menczek (Jerusalem: Israel-Palestine Center for Research and Information, 1994), pp. 274–276. [BACK]

58. Azariah Alon, “Nature Preservation versus Zionism,” in The Zionist Dimension of Nature Preservation (Jerusalem: Ministry of Education, 1981), p. 27. [BACK]

59. Oz,op. cit., pp. 16–17. [BACK]