---

Selected Bibliography

Abuelkeshk, Abdelkarim A. “A Portrayal of the Arab-Israeli Conflict in Three U.S. Journals of Opinion: 1948–1982.” Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1985.

Acheson, Dean. Present at the Creation: My Years in the State Department. New York: Norton, 1969.

Ahmed, Hisham H. “Roots of Denial: American Stand on Palestinian Self-Determination from the Balfour Declaration to World War Two.” In U.S. Policy on Palestine from Wilson to Clinton, edited by Michael W. Suleiman. Normal, Ill.: Association of Arab-American University Graduates, 1995.

Alcalay, Ammiel. After Jews and Arabs: Remaking Levantine Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993.

“The American King-Crane Commission of Inquiry, 1919.” In From Haven to Conquest: Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem until 1948, edited by Walid Khalidi. Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1987.

Ashrawi, Hanan. This Side of Peace: A Personal Account. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.

Baker, James A., III, with Thomas M. De Frank. The Politicsof Diplomacy: Revolution, War and Peace, 1989–1992. New York: Putnam, 1995.

Bell, Steve. “American Journalism: Practices, Constraints, and Middle East Reportage.” In The American Media and the Arabs, edited by Michael C. Hudson and Ronald G. Wolfe. Washington, D.C.: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 1980.

Benvenisti, Meron. Conflicts and Contradictions. New York: Villard Books, 1986.

Benvenisti, Meron. Intimate Enemies: Jews and Arabs in a Shared Land. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.

Benvenisti, Meron. The West Bank Data Base Project 1987 Report: Demographic, Economic, Legal, Social and Political Developments in the West Bank. Jerusalem: West Bank Data Base Project, 1987.

---

Blitzer, Wolf. Between Washington and Jerusalem: A Reporter's Notebook. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.

Bowen, David R. “Analysis of Loan Guarantee Terms.” CNI Newsletter, November 1992. Reprinted in Journal of Palestine Studies86 (winter 1993): 161.

Brzezinski, Zbigniew. Power and Principle: Memoirs of the National Security Adviser, 1977–1981. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1983.

Brzezinski, Zbigniew, François Duchêne, and Kiichi Saeki. “Peace in an International Framework.” Foreign Policy, summer 1975, 3–17.

Bustami, Zaha. “The Kennedy-Johnson Administrations and the Palestinian People.” In U.S. Policy on Palestine from Wilson to Clinton, edited by Michael W. Suleiman. Normal, Ill.: Association of Arab-American University Graduates, 1995.

Caradon, Lord. “Images and Realities of the Middle East Conflict.” In The American Mediaandthe Arabs, edited by Michael C. Hudsonand Ronald G. Wolfe. Washington, D.C.: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 1980.

Carter, Jimmy. The Blood of Abraham: Insights into the Middle East. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985.

Carter, Jimmy. Keeping Faith: Memoirsofa President. New York: Bantam Books,1982.

Christison, Kathleen. “The Arab-Israeli Policy of George Shultz.” Journal of Palestine Studies70 (winter 1989): 29–47.

Christison, Kathleen. “Splitting the Difference: The Palestinian-Israeli Policy of James Baker.” Journal of Palestine Studies93 (autumn 1994): 39–50.

Clifford, Clark, with Richard Holbrooke. Counsel to the President: A Memoir. New York: Random House, 1991.

Cobban, Helena. The Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Cockburn, Andrew, and Leslie Cockburn. Dangerous Liaison: The Inside Story of the U.S.-Israeli Covert Relationship. New York: Harper Collins, 1991.

Cohen, Michael J. Truman and Israel. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Conrad, Lawrence I., ed. The Formation and Perception of the Modern Arab World: Studies by Marwan R. Buheiry. Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press, 1989.

Corbin, Jane. Gaza First: The Secret Norway Channel to Peace between Israel and the PLO. London: Bloomsbury, 1994.

Curtiss, Richard H. A Changing Image: American Perceptions of the Arab-Israeli Dispute. Washington, D.C.: American Educational Trust, 1986.

Davidson, Lawrence. “Competing Responses to the 1929 Arab Uprising in Palestine: The Zionist Press versus the State Department.” Middle East Policy5, no. 2 (May 1997): 93–112.

Davidson, Lawrence. “Historical Ignorance and Popular Perception: The Case of U.S. Perceptions of Palestine, 1917.” Middle East Policy3, no. 2 (1994): 125–147.

Davidson, Lawrence. “Press, State Department and Popular Perceptions of Palestine in the 1920s.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Middle East Studies Association, November 1994.

---

Donovan, Robert J. Conflict and Crisis: The Presidency of Harry S Truman, 1945–1948. New York: Norton, 1977.

Doran, Charles F. “The Globalist-Regionalist Debate.” In Intervention into the 1990s: U.S. Foreign Policy in the Third World, edited by Peter J. Schraeder. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1992.

Doumani, Beshara. “Rediscovering Ottoman Palestine: Writing Palestinians into History.” Journal of Palestine Studies82 (winter 1992): 5–28.

Dowd, Maureen, and Thomas L. Friedman. “The Fabulous Bush and Baker Boys.” New York Times Magazine, 6 May 1990.

Dunsmore, Barrie. “Television Hard Newsandthe Middle East.” In The American Media and the Arabs, edited by Michael C. Hudson and Ronald G. Wolfe. Washington, D.C.: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies Georgetown University, 1980.

Eban, Abba. Personal Witness: Israel through My Eyes. New York: Putnam, 1992.

Ellis, Marc H. Beyond Innocence and Redemption: Confronting the Holocaust and Israeli Power: Creating a Moral Future for the Jewish People. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1990.

Evensen, Bruce J. Truman, Palestine, andthe Press: Shaping Conventional Wisdom at the Beginning of the Cold War. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1992.

Ferrell, Robert H., ed. The Eisenhower Diaries. New York: Norton, 1981.

Findley, Paul. They Dareto Speak Out: Peopleand Institutions Confront Israel's Lobby. Westport, Conn.: Hill, 1985.

Finkelstein, Norman, Nur Masalha, and Benny Morris. “Debate on the 1948 Exodus.” Journal of Palestine Studies81 (autumn 1991): 66–114.

Finnie, David H. Pioneers East: The Early American Experience in the Middle East. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967.

Fisk, Robert. Pity the Nation: The Abduction of Lebanon. New York: Simon & Schuster Touchstone, 1990.

Ford, Gerald R. A Time to Heal: The Autobiography of Gerald R. Ford. New York: Harper & Row and Reader's Digest Association, 1979.

Friedman, Robert I. The False Prophet: Rabbi Meir Kahane—from FBI Informant to Knesset Member. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Hill, 1990.

Friedman, Robert I. “Selling Israel to America: The Hasbara Project Targets the U.S. Media.” Mother Jones, February/March 1987, 21–52.

Fromkin, David. A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East. New York: Avon, 1989.

Gates, Robert M. From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider's Story of Five Presidentsand How They Wonthe Cold War. New York: Simon&Schuster, 1996.

Gerner, Deborah J. “Missed Opportunities and Roads Not Taken: The Eisenhower Administration and the Palestinians.” In U.S. Policy on Palestine from Wilson to Clinton, edited by Michael W. Suleiman. Normal, Ill.: Association of Arab-American University Graduates, 1995.

Geyer, Georgie Anne. “The American Correspondent in the Arab World.” In

---

The American Media and the Arabs, edited by Michael C. Hudson and Ronald G. Wolfe. Washington, D.C.: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 1980.

Ghareeb, Edmund. Split Vision: The Portrayal of Arabs in the American Media. Washington, D.C.: American-Arab Affairs Council, 1983.

Goodwin, Doris Kearns. No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.

Grabill, Joseph L. Protestant Diplomacy and the Near East: Missionary Influence on American Policy, 1810–1927. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1971.

Graham-Brown, Sarah. Palestinians and Their Society, 1880–1946. London: Quartet Books, 1980.

Grose, Peter. Israel in the Mind of America. New York: Knopf, 1983.

Haass, Richard N. Conflicts Unending: The United States and Regional Disputes. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1990.

Haass, Richard N. “Paying Less Attention to the Middle East.” Commentary, August 1986, 22–26.

Hadar, Leon T. “The Friends of Bibi (FOBs) vs. ‘The New Middle East.’” Journal of Palestine Studies101 (autumn 1996): 89–97.

Hadar, Leon T. “The ‘Neocons’: From the Cold War to the ‘Global Intifada.’” Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, April 1991, 27–28.

Hadar, Leon T. “Reforming Israel—before It's Too Late.” Foreign Policy, winter 1990–1991, 106–127.

Haig, Alexander M., Jr.Caveat: Realism, Reagan, and Foreign Policy. New York: Macmillan, 1984.

Hamoked, the Center for the Defence of the Individual, and B'Tselem, the Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories. The Quiet Deportation: Revocation of Residency of East Jerusalem Palestinians. Jerusalem: Hamoked and B'Tselem, April 1997.

Hart, Alan. Arafat: A Political Biography. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.

Heckscher, August. Woodrow Wilson. New York: Scribner, 1991.

Hentsch, Thierry. Imagining the Middle East. Translated by Fred A. Reed. Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1992.

Hersh, Seymour M. The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy. New York: Random House, 1991.

Hudson, Michael C. “The Media and the Arabs: Room for Improvement.” In The American Media and the Arabs, edited by Michael C. Hudson and Ronald G. Wolfe. Washington, D.C.: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 1980.

Hughes, Emmet John. The Ordeal of Power: A Political Memoir of the Eisenhower Years. New York: Atheneum, 1963.

Hurewitz, J. C.The Struggle for Palestine. New York: Norton, 1950.

Indyk, Martin. “Peace without the PLO.” Foreign Policy, summer 1990, 30–38.

---

Jacobs, David. An American Conscience: Woodrow Wilson's Search for World Peace. New York: Harper & Row, 1973.

Jervis, Robert. Perception and Misperception in International Politics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1976.

Johnson, Lyndon Baines. The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, 1963–1969. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.

Kenen, I. L. Israel's Defense Line: Her Friends and Foes in Washington. Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus, 1981.

Kerr, Malcolm H. America's Middle East Policy: Kissinger, Carter and the Future. IPS Papers 14(E). Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1980.

Khalidi, Rashid. Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.

Khalidi, Rashid. Under Siege: P.L.O. Decisionmaking during the 1982 War. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.

Khalidi, Walid, ed. From Haven to Conquest: Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem until 1948. Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1987.

Khalidi, Walid. The Middle East Postwar Environment. Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1991.

Kimmerling, Baruch. “Academic History Caught in the Cross-Fire: The Case of Israeli-Jewish Historiography.” History & Memory: Studies in Representation of the Past, spring/summer 1995, 41–65.

Kirkpatrick, Jeane. “Dishonoring Sadat.” New Republic, 11 November 1981, 14–16.

Kirkpatrick, Jeane. “How the PLO Was Legitimized.” Commentary, July 1989, 21–28.

Kissinger, Henry. White House Years. Boston: Little, Brown, 1979.

Kissinger, Henry. Years of Upheaval. Boston: Little, Brown, 1982.

Kurtzer, Daniel Charles. “Palestine Guerrilla and Israeli Counter insurgency Warfare: The Radicalization of the Palestine Arab Community to Violence, 1949–1970.” Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1976.

Kurzman, Dan. Genesis 1948: The First Arab-Israeli War. New York: New American Library, 1970.

Lee, Martin A., and Norman Solomon. Unreliable Sources: A Guide to Bias in News Media. New York: Carol, 1990.

Lenczowski, George. American Presidents and the Middle East. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1990.

Lesch, Ann Mosely. Arab Politics in Palestine, 1917–1939: The Frustration of a Nationalist Movement. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1979.

Lesch, Ann Mosely. Political Perceptions of the Palestinians on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Washington, D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1980.

Lesch, Ann Mosely. “The Reagan Administration's Policy toward the Palestinians.” In U.S. Policy on Palestine from Wilson to Clinton, edited by Michael W. Suleiman. Normal, Ill.: Association of Arab-American University Graduates, 1995.

---

Lewis, Bernard. “The Palestinians and the PLO.” Commentary, January 1975, 32–48.

Lewis, Samuel W. “Israel: The Peres Era and Its Legacy.” Foreign Affairs65, no. 3 (1987): 582–610.

Lewis, Samuel W. “The United States and Israel: Constancy and Change.” In The Middle East: Ten Years after Camp David, edited by William B. Quandt. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1988.

"Loan Guarantees Update." In “Settlement Report,” edited by Geoffrey Arronson. Reprinted in Journal of Palestine Studies102 (winter 1997): 142.

Lustick, Ian S. “The Oslo Agreement as an Obstacle to Peace.” Journal of Palestine Studies105 (autumn 1997): 61–66.

Makovsky, David. Making Peace with the PLO: The Rabin Government's Road to the Oslo Accord. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1996.

Mansour, Camille. Beyond Alliance: Israel in U.S. Foreign Policy. Translated by James A. Cohen. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.

Manuel, Frank E. The Realities of American-Palestine Relations. Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press, 1949.

Mattar, Philip. The Mufti of Jerusalem: Al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni and the Palestinian National Movement. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Mc Cullough, David. Truman. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

Mc Donald, James G. My Mission in Israel 1948–1951. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1951.

McGhee, George. Envoy to the Middle World: Adventures in Diplomacy. New York: Harper & Row, 1983.

Melman, Yossi, and Dan Raviv. Friends in Deed: Inside the U.S.-Israel Alliance. New York: Hyperion, 1994.

Melman, Yossi, and Dan Raviv. The Imperfect Spies: The History of Israeli Intelligence. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1989.

Michalek, Laurence. “The Arab in American Cinema: A Century of Otherness.” Arab Imagein American Filmand Television, supplementto Cineaste17, no. 1 (n.d.), copublished with the American-Arab Anti-Discimination Committee.

Miller, Aaron David. The Arab States and the Palestine Question: Between Ideology and Self-Interest. New York: Praeger, 1986.

Miller, Aaron David. The PLO and the Politics of Survival. New York: Praeger, 1983.

Miller, Merle. Lyndon: An Oral Biography. New York: Putnam, 1980.

Miller, Merle. Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S. Truman. New York: Berkley, 1974.

Milstein, Mark H. “Strategic Ties or Tentacles? Institute for National Security Affairs.” Washington Report for Middle East Affairs, October 1991, 27–28.

Morgan, Ted. FDR: A Biography. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985.

---

Morris, Benny. The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Morris, Benny. 1948 and After: Israel and the Palestinians. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.

Morris, Benny. “A Second Look at the ‘Missed Peace, ’ or Smoothing Out History: A Review Essay.” Journal of Palestine Studies93 (autumn 1994): 78–79.

Moughrabi, Fouad. “American Public Opinion and the Palestine Question.” In Public Opinion and the Palestine Question, edited by Elia Zureik and Fouad Moughrabi. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987.

Muslih, Muhammad Y.The Origins of Palestinian Nationalism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Naff, Alixa. Becoming American: The Early Arab Immigrant Experience. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1985.

Neff, Donald. Fallen Pillars: U.S. Policytowards Palestineand Israelsince1945. Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1995.

Neff, Donald. “Nixon's Middle East Policy: From Balance to Bias.” In U.S. Policy on Palestine from Wilson to Clinton, edited by Michael W. Suleiman. Normal, Ill.: Association of Arab-American University Graduates, 1995.

Neff, Donald. Warriors for Jerusalem: The Six Days That Changed the Middle East in 1967. Brattleboro, Vt.: Amana Books, 1988.

Newhouse, John. “The Tactician.” New Yorker, 7 May 1990.

“The Next Step in the Peace Process: A Roundtable Discussion of Building for Peace.” A symposium with Martin Indyk, Samuel Lewis, William Quandt, and Dennis Ross, November 30, 1988. In Proceedings of the Washington Institute Policy Forum, 1988. Washington, D.C.: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1988.

Nixon, Richard. RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1978.

Pappé, Ilan. The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947–1951. London: I. B. Tauris, 1994.

Pappé, Ilan. “Post-Zionist Critique on Israel and the Palestinians. Part I: The Academic Debate.” Journal of Palestine Studies102 (spring 1997): 29–41.

Parker, Richard B.The Politics of Miscalculation in the Middle East. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.

Parmenter, Barbara Mc Kean. Giving Voice to Stones: Place and Identity in Palestinian Literature. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994.

Peck, Juliana S.The Reagan Administration and the Palestinian Question: The First Thousand Days. Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1984.

Peters, Joan. From Time Immemorial: The Origins of the Arab-Jewish Conflict over Palestine. New York: Harper & Row, 1984.

Podhoretz, Norman. “J'Accuse.” Commentary, September 1982, 21–31.

Porath, Yehoshua. “Mrs. Peters's Palestine.” New York Review of Books, 16 January 1986, 36–39.

---

Quandt, William B.Camp David: Peacemaking and Politics. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1986.

Quandt, William B.Decade of Decisions: American Policy toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1967–1976. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.

Quandt, William B.Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict since 1967. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution; and Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Quandt, William B. “Reagan's Lebanon Policy: Trial and Error.” Middle East Journal, spring 1984, 237–266.

Quandt, William B. “U.S. Policy toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict.” In The Middle East: Ten Years after Camp David, edited by William B. Quandt. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1988.

Quandt, William B., Fuad Jabber, and Ann Mosely Lesch. The Politics of Palestinian Nationalism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.

Rabie, Mohamed. U.S.-P.L.O. Dialogue: Secret Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1995.

Reagan, Ronald. An American Life. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990.

Reich, Bernard, ed. An Historical Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1996.

Reich, Bernard. The United States and Israel: Influence in the Special Relationship. New York: Praeger, 1984.

Roosevelt, Eleanor. The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt. Reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1992.

Ross, Dennis. Acting with Caution: Middle East Policy Planning for the Second Reagan Administration. Policy Paper 1. Washington, D.C.: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1985.

Rossiter, Clinton, and James Lare, eds. The Essential Lippmann: A Political Philosophy for Liberal Democracy. New York: Random House, 1963.

Rostow, Eugene V. “The American Stake in Israel.” Commentary, April 1977, 32–46.

Rostow, Eugene V. “Israel in the Evolution of American Foreign Policy.” In The Palestine Question in American History, edited by Clark M. Clifford, Eugene V. Rostow, and Barbara W. Tuchman. New York: Arno Press, 1978.

Rostow, Eugene V. “Resolution 242—a Historical Perspective.” In Can Israel Survive a Palestinian State? edited by Michael Widlanski. Jerusalem: Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies, 1990.

Rostow, Eugene V. [No title.] In Approaching Peace: American Interests in Israeli-Palestinian Final Status Talks, edited by Robert Satloff. Washington, D.C.: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1994.

Said, Edward W.Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1979.

Said, Edward W.Peace and Its Discontents: Essays on Palestine in the Middle East Peace Process. New York: Vintage Books, 1996.

Said, Edward W.The Politics of Dispossession: The Struggle for Palestinian Self-Determination, 1969–1994. New York: Pantheon Books, 1994.

Sanders, Ronald. The High Walls of Jerusalem: A History of the Balfour Declaration

---

and the Birth of the British Mandate for Palestine. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1983.

Saunders, Harold H. “An Israeli-Palestinian Peace.” Foreign Affairs, fall 1982, 100–121.

Saunders, Harold H.The Other Walls: The Politics of the Arab-Israeli Peace Process. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1985.

Saunders, Harold H., and Cecilia Albin. Sinai II: The Politics of International Mediation, 1974–1975. FPI Case Study 17. Washington, D.C.: School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, 1993.

Schiff, Ze'ev, and Ehud Ya'ari. Israel's Lebanon War. Translated by Ina Friedman. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984.

Segev, Tom. The Seventh Million: The Israelis and the Holocaust. Translated by Haim Watzman. New York: Hill & Wang, 1993.

Sha'ban, Fuad. Islam and Arabs in Early American Thought: The Roots of Orientalism in America. Durham, N.C.: Acorn Press, 1991.

Shadid, Mohammed K.The United States and the Palestinians. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981.

Shafir, Gershon. “Israeli Decolonization and Critical Sociology.” Journal of Palestine Studies99 (spring 1996): 23–35.

Shamir, Shimon. “Israeli Views of Egypt and the Peace Process: The Duality of Vision.” In The Middle East: Ten Years after Camp David, edited by William B. Quandt. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1988.

Sharabi, Hisham. “A Look Ahead: The Future State of Palestine.” In The Palestinians: New Directions, edited by Michael C. Hudson. Washington, D.C.: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 1990.

Sheehan, Edward R. F.The Arabs, Israelis and Kissinger: A Secret History of American Diplomacy in the Middle East. New York: Reader's Digest Press, 1976.

Shiblak, Abbas. “Residency Status and Civil Rights of Palestinian Refugees in Arab Countries.” Journal of Palestine Studies99 (spring 1996): 36–45.

Shlaim, Avi. Collusion across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Shlaim, Avi. “The Debate about 1948.” International Journal of Middle East Studies27, no. 3 (August 1995): 287–304.

Shultz, George P. “The Challenge to the Democracies.” In Terrorism: How the West Can Win, edited by Benjamin Netanyahu. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1986.

Shultz, George P.Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State. New York: Scribner, 1993.

Silver, Eric. Begin: The Haunted Prophet. New York: Random House, 1984.

Smith, Charles D.Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. 3d ed.New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.

Spiegel, Steven L.The Other Arab-Israeli Conflict: Making America's Middle

---

East Policy, from Truman to Reagan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.

Stephens, John Lloyd. Incidents of Travel in Egypt, Arabia Petraea, and the Holy Land. Reprint, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1970.

Stevens, Art. The Persuasion Explosion: Your Guide to the Power and Influence of Contemporary Public Relations. Washington, D.C.: Acropolis Books, 1985.

Stivers, William. America's Confrontation with Revolutionary Change in the Middle East, 1948–83. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986.

Suleiman, Michael W. “American Public Support of Middle Eastern Countries: 1939–1979.” In The American Media and the Arabs, edited by Michael C. Hudson and Ronald G. Wolfe. Washington, D.C.: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 1980.

Suleiman, Michael W. “Palestine and the Palestinians in the Mind of America.” In U.S. Policy on Palestine from Wilson to Clinton, edited by Michael W. Suleiman. Normal, Ill.: Association of Arab-American University Graduates, 1995.

A Survey of Palestine, Prepared in December 1945 and January 1946 for the Information of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry. Reprint, Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1991.

Teicher, Howard, and Gayle Radley Teicher. Twin Pillars to Desert Storm: America's Flawed Vision in the Middle East from Nixon to Bush. New York: Morrow, 1993.

Temko, Ned. To Win or to Die: A Personal Portrait of Menachem Begin. New York: Morrow, 1987.

Terry, Janice J. “The Carter Administration and the Palestinians.” In U.S. Policy on Palestine from Wilson to Clinton, edited by Michael W. Suleiman. Normal, Ill.: Association of Arab-American University Graduates, 1995.

Tessler, Mark. A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994.

Thomson, William. The Land and the Book: Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and Scenery of the Holy Land. Reprint, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1954.

Tillman, Seth P.The United States in the Middle East: Interests and Obstacles. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982.

Tivnan, Edward. The Lobby: Jewish Political Power and American Foreign Policy. New York: Simon & Schuster Touchstone, 1988.

Toward Peace in the Middle East. Report of a Study Group. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1975.

Truman, Harry S.Memoirs. Vol. 1, Year of Decisions. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1955.

Truman, Harry S.Memoirs. Vol. 2, Years of Trial and Hope. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1956.

Tschirgi, Dan. The American Search for Mideast Peace. New York: Praeger, 1989.

---

Tschirgi, Dan. The Politics of Indecision: Origins and Implications of American Involvement with the Palestine Problem. New York: Praeger, 1983.

Twain, Mark. The Innocents Abroad, or The New Pilgrim's Progress, Being Some Account of the Steamship Quaker City's Pleasure Excursion to Europe and the Holy Land. Reprint, Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest Association, 1990.

U.S. Department of State. “Department Gives Position on Palestinian Issue.” Department of State Bulletin73 (1 December 1975): 797–800.

U.S. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States 1948. Vol. 5, The Near East, South Asia, and Africa. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976.

Vance, Cyrus. Hard Choices: Critical Years in America's Foreign Policy. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983.

Vogel, Lester I.To See a Promised Land: Americans and the Holy Land in the Nineteenth Century. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993.

Ward, Geoffrey C.A First-Class Temperament: The Emergence of Franklin Roosevelt. New York: Harper & Row, 1989.

Washington Institute's Presidential Study Group. Building for Peace: An American Strategy for the Middle East. Washington, D.C.: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1988.

Weisman, John. “Blind Spot in the Middle East.” TV Guide, 24 October 1981.

Weisman, John. “Why the Palestinians Are Losing the Propaganda War.” TV Guide, 31 October 1981.

Wilson, Evan M.Decision on Palestine: How the U.S. Came to Recognize Israel. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1979.

Wooten, Jim. “The Conciliator.” New York Times Magazine, 29 January 1995.

Young, Ronald J.Missed Opportunities for Peace: U.S. Middle East Policies, 1981–1986. Philadelphia: American Friends Service Committee, 1987.