1. Human Rights Watch, Violations of the Laws of War in Turkey (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1995).

2. In autumn 2000, a second Palestinian uprising broke out, dubbed the Al Aqsa Intifada. See the conclusion for a brief discussion.

3. I have translated the titles of newspaper reports and journal articles published in Serbo-Croatian or Hebrew. Serbo-Croatian translations were done by research assistants. All Hebrew translations are my own.

4. Middle East Watch, A License to Kill: Israeli Undercover Operations against "Wanted" and Masked Palestinians (New York: Middle East Watch, 1993).

5. Middle East Watch, Torture and Ill-Treatment: Israel's Interrogation of Palestinians from the Occupied Territories (New York: Middle East Watch, 1994).

6. For barriers to changing state boundaries, see David Strang, "Anomaly and Commonplace in European Political Expansion: Realist and Institutional Accounts," International Organization, 45: 2 (1991): 143–162.

7. Ian S. Lustick, Unsettled States, Disputed Lands: Britain and Ireland, France and Algeria, Israel and the West Bank-Gaza (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993).

8. For a provocative and comprehensive study of ethnic cleansing, see Michael Mann, The Dark-Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing, forthcoming.