E
Earth, size of, 9
Earthquake waves (see also Tsunamis), 543, 544
Earth's rotation:
angular velocity, 433
deflecting force, 390, 433–438
East Greenland Current, 659, 660
East Indian Archipelago, basins and water of 736–739
Echinodermata:
reproduction, 324, 325, 326
synopsis, 311–312
Echo sounding (see also Sonic soundings), 76
Ecological groups of animals (see Animal population)
Eddy conductivity, 92
computation from temperature observations, 135–137
Eddy conductivity of the air, 114
Eddy diffusion:
importance to transportation of sediments along bottom, 962–966
lateral, dispersal of suspended material by, 959
Eddy diffusivity, 93
effect of stability on, 476, 477
importance to tongue-like distributions, 504, 507
lateral, 92, 93
importance to sedimentation, 959
importance to tongue-like distributions, 506–507
numerical values, 483, 485
numerical values, 481, 483, 484
Eddy viscosity, 91, 473, 474
influence of stability on, 476
numerical values, 481, 482
related to lateral mixing, 474, 475
Antarctic Circumpolar Current, 621
Equatorial Countercurrent, 634
numerical values, 485
Eel grass:
as primary producer, 303, 893, 936–937
structure and reproduction, 302–303
Eels:
dispersal of larvae, 861–862
homoiosmotic condition, 271
migrations, 811
Ekman current meter, 367, 368
Ekman spiral, 493
Ekman water bottle, 354
Elasmobranchs, 312
osmotic pressure of body fluids, 271
Electric conductivity, 71, 72
Elements derived from earth's crust, 219–222
Elements present in marine organisms, 228, 229
concentration of, 233
Elements present in sea water, 174
table, 176, 177
El Niño, 704, 705
effect on fauna, 274
Emerita:
dispersal of larvae, 859–860
feeding habits, 895
Endemic populations, maintenance of, 863–865
Energy equation, 441, 486
Environment, marine:
antiquity, 281–284
characteristics, 268
classification, 275–280
extent, 274
Environmental factors (see Light, Currents, Oxygen, Salinity, and Temperature)
Equatorial Countercurrent:
Atlantic, 633–637
Indian Ocean, 696
Pacific, 709–712
Equatorial currents (see North and South Equatorial Currents)
Equiscalar curves, 155
Equiscalar surfaces, 154, 155
Equivalent diameters of sedimentary debris, 958
compared to true dimensions, 982
statistical terms derived from, 970, 971
used for classifying sediments, 957, 974
Eroding velocity of ocean currents, 961
Erosion by currents, 41, 960–962
Euphausiids:
as food of whales, 904, 906–907
reproduction, 323
synopsis, 310
Euphotic zone, 774
Eurybathic animals, 806–807
Evaporation:
annual variation, 122
average annual, 120
computation of, 119, 120
diurnal variation, 122, 124
from the Black Sea, 650
from the Mediterranean Sea, 647
in different latitudes, 120, 121
table, 123
latent heat of, 62
observations of, 119
process of, 115–119
Extraterrestrial material in sediments, 952