8—
Simultaneous Actions
The passage which we have just discussed can also serve as an example of how
Virgil chooses to narrate two simultaneous actions, which often impinge on each
other: he does not alternate equal chunks of each, but puts one decidedly in the
foreground and gives us, as it were, glimpses of the other, making as few sudden
leaps as possible and preferring to lead carefully from one to the other. This weight-
382 ing of one action is very significant from the point of view of the composition; here
we will mention only the treatment of the transitions. Book 4 is mainly about Dido,
but we must not lose sight of Aeneas; how does the narrator manage the many
transitions from one to the other? (Only once, 554, does he use simple synchron-
ism.) Or in Book 9, how does he move between the attackers and the defenders?
Here the narrative begins with Turnus and stays on his side for all of the first
section; we are only placed inside the camp for a short stretch, 33-46; we see there
the clouds of dust stirred up by the approaching enemy, prospiciunt Teucri [the
Trojans look out]; they prepare armatique cavis expectant turribus h o s t e m [and
under arms in their hollow towers they await the enemy]; this provides an oppor-
tunity to return to the enemy. Further, the poet does not show us the Trojans
themselves trying to protect the ships; we only deduce this activity from the words
of the Great Mother ( ne trepidate meas Teucri defendere navis neve armate manus
[114] [haste not, Trojans, in fear, to defend my ships, neither arm your hands]),
which is heard by Trojans and Latins alike, but we are shown its effect only on the
Latin side (123-7); we thus remain on that side. The Nisus episode interrupts
Turnus' aristeia ; for this we are taken into the camp, 168 ( haec prospectant Troes
[the Trojans are watching this, i.e. the encirclement of the walls]). The episode ends
on the enemy side: once more the result of their action (showing off the heads of the
slain) is seen among the Trojans; we hear the lament of Euryalus' mother; while the
desolate woman is being led aside, the tuba sounds the attack, and now at last the
two sides meet, the reader can see them both at once, and no more transitions are
needed.