TRANSLATORS' NOTE

As Heinze did not translate his numerous quotations from Greek and Roman authors, we have added translations in square brackets. For Virgil himself we have used W.F. Jackson Knight's Penguin version of the Aeneid (Harmondsworth, 1956); we are most grateful to Mr J.D. Christie, representing the estate of Jackson Knight, for permission to do so. We have occasionally modified this version slightly in order to make it clear how the Virgilian phrase illustrates Heinze's argument. We are responsible for translations from other authors.

We would like to thank the late I.R.D. Mathewson, who read the opening chapters, and suggested a number of improvements.

No attempt has been made to update Heinze's bibliography. For discussions of more recent work the reader should consult R.D. Williams, Virgil (Greece & Rome New Surveys in the Classics no. 1, Oxford [1967], with addenda); annual bibliographies in Vergilius from no. 19 (1973) onwards; A.G. McKay, Classical World 68 (1974) 1-92; V. Pöschl, Abhandl . Akad . Wiss . Göttingen , philol .-hist . Klasse 32 (1979) 1-29; Arethusa 14 (1981) 179-86; W. Suerbaum, Gnomon 56 (1984) 208-28. Marginal figures represent the page numbers of the third German edition.

The marginal numbers in this edition refer to the pages in Heinze's third edition.

It has taken several years longer than originally envisaged to bring this work to completion, and we are very grateful to Messrs Teubner and to Mr John Betts of the Bristol Classical Press for their patience. In particular, HMH and FDH are indebted to Mr Betts for his happy suggestion that FR should be brought in to expedite the conclusion of the work, and to FR for his willingness to do so. The translation up to p. 218 is basically the work of HMH and FDH; thereafter, of HMH and FR.

HAZEL AND DAVID HARVEY, FRED ROBERTSON
1993