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137

Index

A

Abel, 65 , 73 -74, 75 -76, 87 , 122 n. 45

Abelard, Peter, 34

Abraham, 8 , 81 , 82 , 118 n. 22

Active agent pose.

See Adam, as active agent; Eve, as active agent; God, as active agent;

See under Postures

Adam: and Abel, 76 ;

as active agent, 14 , 24 , 28 -29, 43 , 47 ;

active nature of, 43 , 47 ;

admonished by God, 44 , 45 , 103 -4n. 30 ;

and agricultural labor, 60 , 114 n. 2;

and animals, compared to, 29 , 63 ;

animation of, 23 , 24 ;

body of, formed, 21 -23, 24 ;

creation of, 21 -25, 102 n. 23, 103 n. 27;

culpability of, 116 n. 12;

and Eve, susceptibility to, 66 -73, 75 ;

Fall of, 38 , 45 ;

Fall of, caused by avarice, 67 , 117 -18n. 20 ;

Fall of, caused by Eve's speech, 49 , 111 -12n. 19 ;

Fall of, caused by loyalty to Eve, 49 ;

Fall of, caused by lust, 49 , 111 -12n. 19 ;

feminization of, 63 , 66 , 67 , 112 n. 20;

Godlike, 24 , 29 , 53 ;

hand gestures of, left, 57 , 65 , 75 ;

introduced into Eden, 25 -27;

with mattock, 57 , 59 ;

naming the animals,

significance of, 29 , 47 ;

nature, prelapsarian, 29 , 49 , 62 , 63 , 116 n. 9;

positioned in center, 24 ;

positioned negatively, 48 , 49 -52, 54 , 63 , 66 , 76 ;

positioned at picture's left, 25 , 48 , 63 , 66 ;

positioned at picture's right, 24 , 25 , 34 , 38 , 49 , 55 , 76 ;

postlapsarian mocking of, 66 -67;

posture, erect of, 57 , 110 n. 6;

posture, profile of, 55 , 57 , 63 ;

pudendum of, 49 ;

punishments of, 49 , 60 , 61 -62, 63 , 64 ;

separate from Eve, 7 , 22 , 37 , 40 , 41 , 80 ;

sleeping, 32 -33, 35 , 75 ;

soul of, 24 , 34 -35, 38 , 39 -40;

and Trees of Virtues and Vices, 35 - 36 , 67 .

See also Adam and Eve; Christ, as New Adam; Dixit, and Adam

Adam and Eve: as asexual or hermaphroditic creatures, 21 -22, 74 , 102 n. 22, 103 n. 23;

clothing of, 56 , 71 -72, 113 n. 28;

compared to animals, 37 -38, 75 , 116 n. 11;

as different in body and soul, 29 -30, 34 -41;

as Everyman/Everywoman, 3 , 60 ;

expulsion of, 27 , 82 , 87 ;

Fall of, 33 -34;

Fall of, explanations for, 40 -41, 46 , 47 , 85 , 110 n. 3 (see also Eve, and pride; Eve, and Serpent);

and judgment, intimations of, 55 , 56 , 58 ;

and Lenten liturgy, 81 -82;

made in God's image, 21 ;

made similar by sin, 58 .

See also Adam; Eve

Ait. See Dixit

Albigensians. See Cathars

Ambrose of Milan, 80 -81

Angels: as angel-day personifications, 9 , 16 , 18 , 23 , 101 n. 17;

and angelic knowledge, 16 , 38 ;

cherubim, 57 , 58 , 74 ;

creation of, 16 , 17 , 101 n. 17;

good and fallen, 16 , 17 , 38 , 39 , 80 , 101 n. 17, 118 n. 23 (see also Hildesheim Missal , Fall of the Rebel Angels );

hand gestures of, 18 ;

Lucifer, 16 , 85 , 87 (see also under Serpent);

Michael, 16 , 55 , 81 , 87 ;

Watcher Angels, 118 -19n. 23

Aquinas, Thomas, 17 , 34 -35, 39 -40, 76 , 104 n. 6

Aristotle, 73 , 100 n. 12, 105 n. 7, 109 n. 27

Atrium mosaics, 1 -2, 7 , 8 , 9 ;

and Cotton Genesis, 8 -9;

and Cotton Genesis, al-


138

terations from, 23 , 29 , 74 , 99 n. 3, 101 n. 17, 102 n. 23, 115 n. 4;

and Cotton Genesis, changes in posture from, 16 , 75 , 122 n. 42;

and Cotton Genesis, compositional changes from, 18 , 24 , 27 , 32 , 45 , 104 n. 2, 106 n. 9;

and Cotton Genesis, omissions from, 44 , 47 , 54 , 75 ;

Creation cupola (Plate 1), 1 -2, 8 , 9 , 10 ;

Creation cupola as circle, 82 -87 passim;

Creation cupola and cosmic order, 83 -85;

Creation cupola as Fortune's Wheel, 83 , 87 , 124 n. 15 (see also Holkham Bible Picture Book, Wheel of Fortune );

Creation cupola as mirror, 60 , 82 , 88 , 114 n. 1;

date of, 8 , 99 n. 1;

and judgment, 55 , 56 , 58 , 79 ;

and justice, 79 -81, 83 ;

and Lenten liturgy, 81 -82;

tituli , 9 , 78 , 79 , 99 n. 3, 103 n. 30;

tituli beginning HIC , 47 -48, 54 , 55 , 78 -79;

tituli including CARNEM , 35 , 40 ;

tituli , quoted, 18 , 21 , 74 .

Individual scenes, in narrative sequence:

Spirit Above the Waters , 14 ;

Separation of Light from Darkness (Plate 3), 14 , 16 , 80 ;

Separation of the Seas and Dry Land , 18 ;

Creation of the Plants (Fig. 5), 18 , 27 ;

Creation of the Heavenly Bodies (Plate 4), 19 ;

Creation of the Birds and Marine Creatures (Fig. 6), 19 ;

Blessing of the Birds and Marine Creatures (Plate 5), 19 , 52 , 75 ;

Creation of the Terrestrial Animals (Fig. 7), 19 , 28 -29, 75 ;

Forming of Adam (Fig. 8), 21 -23, 24 , 40 , 102 n. 23;

Blessing of the Seventh Day (Fig. 9), 23 , 24 , 102 -3n. 23 ;

Animation of Adam (Plate 6), 23 , 24 , 102 -3n. 23 ;

Introduction of Adam into Paradise (Fig. 10), 25 -27, 44 , 46 , 57 ;

Naming of the Animals (Fig. 12), 28 -29, 44 ;

Creation of Eve (Plate 7), 27 , 30 -41, 75 ;

Introduction of Eve to Adam (Fig. 19), 25 , 43 -44;

Temptation of Eve (Plate 11), 21 , 27 , 44 -48;

Eve Plucking the Fruit and Tempting Adam (Fig. 20), 25 , 27 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 59 , 107 n. 18;

Adam and Eve Covering their Nakedness (Fig. 21), 49 -51;

Adam and Eve Hiding from God (Fig. 23), 50 , 52 ;

Denial of Guilt (Fig. 24), 27 , 46 , 48 , 51 -52, 53 -55, 79 ;

Punishment of the Serpent, Eve, and Adam (Fig. 25), 48 , 53 , 55 , 79 ;

God Dressing Adam and Eve (Fig. 26), 48 , 55 -56, 79 ;

Expulsion of Adam and Eve (Plate 2), 27 , 32 , 48 , 56 - 58 , 79 ;

Labors of Adam and Eve (Plate 2), 2 , 25 , 27 , 32 , 56 , 59 -76, 79 ;

Conception of Cain (Figs. 1, 2 and 28), 9 -11, 64 -66, 72 , 73 -75, 121 n. 37;

Birth of Abel (Figs. 2 and 28), 64 -65, 73 -74, 75 -76;

Story of Cain and Abel (Fig. 3), 73 - 74 ;

The Drunkenness and Death of Noah (Fig. 14), 32 , 75 , 80 ;

Tower of Babel (Fig. 4), 14 ;

Abraham Handing Hagar to Sarah (Fig. 31), 68 -70;

Circumcision of All Men , 118 n. 22;

Hospitality of Abraham , 100 n. 10;

Circumcision of Isaac , 118 n. 22;

Potiphar Making Joseph Overseer (Fig. 22), 50 ;

Moses with Two Hebrews , 100 n. 10;

Judgment of Solomon , 80

Augustine of Hippo: on Adam, 29 ;

on Adam and Eve, prelapsarian, 64 ;

on Adam and Eve, punishments of, 64 , 116 -17n. 14;

on Adam and Eve, souls of 29 , 34 , 38 , 108 n. 23;

on angels, 16 , 18 , 85 ;

and Aquinas, 39 -40;

on Creation, 16 , 17 , 112 n. 21;

on Eve, 40 , 109 n. 30;

on evil, 17 ;

on the Fall, 111 n. 19;

on free will, 17 ;

and Manicheans, 17 ;

and preachers, 121 n. 36;

on Seven Ages of the world, 82 ;

on the Tree of Knowledge, 110 -11n. 9;

on the Serpent, 21 ;

and Venice, 77 , 100 n. 13

Autun, Saint Lazarus, 82

B

Bal, Mieke, 6 , 47 -48, 98 n. 7

Bible. See names of individual books

Biblia pauperum , 110 n. 3

Body and soul: relationship between, 12 , 17

Boethius, 83

Book of Adam and Eve , Ethiopic, 122 n. 44

C

Cabala. See Kabbalah

Cain, 73 -76, 87 , 122 n. 45;

animal nature of, 65 -66, 75 ;

conception of, 65 -66, 115 n. 6; 122 n. 44 (see also Atrium mosaics, individual scenes, in narrative sequence: Conception of Cain );

named by Eve, 49 , 75 , 112 n. 20

Camille, Michael, 6

Carmina Burana, Wheel of Fortune (Fig. 32), 83

Cathars, 16 -17, 21 , 74 -75

Caxton, William, 45

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 114 n. 2

Cherubim. See under Angels

Christ: Crucifixion of, 32 , 34 ;

as New Adam, 32 -33, 35 , 61 , 76 ;

side wound of, 32 ;

site of Crucifixion of, 33

Cicero, 78

Color symbolism: blue, 16 , 17 , 19 , 35 , 38 ;

red, 16 , 17 , 19 , 38 , 57

Comestor, Peter, Historia scholastica , 5 , 98 n. 5;

on Adam, 29 , 103 n. 26, 110 n. 6;

and Cathars, 74 , 121 n. 39;

on Christ


139

and Ecclesia, 104 n. 6;

on clothing of Adam and Eve, 113 n. 28;

on Eve, 45 ;

on the Fall, causes for, 111 n. 19;

on the hermaphroditic creature, 102 n. 22

Contraries, 16 , 100 n. 12, 109 n. 27, 125 n. 21

I Corinthians 11: 3 -10, 71

Cotton Genesis, 101 -102n. 20;

date and provenance of, 8 -9, 77 ;

recension of, 36 -37, 97 -98n. 4 ;

reconstruction of, 57 , 99 n. 2;

Rivers of Paradise personifications in, 103 n. 29;

text of, 13 , 64 , 99 n. 3;

trees in, 101 n. 19.

Individual scenes, in narrative sequence:

Creation of the Birds and the Marine Creatures , 101 n. 20;

Creation of the Terrestrial Animals , 102 n. 23;

Creation of Man , 102 n. 23;

Forming of Adam , 103 n. 27;

Enlivenment of Adam , 102 n. 23, 103 n. 27;

Animation of Adam , 102 n. 23, 103 n. 27;

Introduction of Adam into Paradise , 27 , 103 n. 29;

God's Admonition to Adam , 27 , 103 n. 29;

God Drawing the Rib from Adam , 106 n. 9;

God Forbidding Adam and Eve to Eat from the Tree , 44 ;

Birth of Cain , 122 n. 45;

Birth of Abel , 122 n. 45;

Birth of Seth , 122 n. 45;

Death of Adam , 122 n. 45.

See also under Atrium mosaics

Creation: Day One, 16 , 35 , 38 -39, 80 , 101 n. 17;

Day Seven, 23 ;

as nontemporal, 87

D

Darkness, 16 , 17 , 19 , 45 , 81

De fructibus carnis et spiritus: Tree of Vices (Fig. 15), 67 ;

Tree of Virtues (Fig. 16), 67

Demus, Otto, 7 , 99 n. 3, 100 n. 10, 123 n. 2, 123 -24n. 7

Devil, 17 .

See also Angels, Lucifer

Distaff and spindle, 71 , 87 , 117 n. 15, 125 n. 21.

See also Eve, with distaff and spindle; Mary; Women, and spinning

Dives, 67 , 118 n. 20

Dixit, 14 , 48 ; and Adam, 43 , 47 , 52 -53;

and Eve, 49 , 52 -53, 112 n. 20;

and God, 18 , 22 , 23 , 28 , 52 -53, 101 n. 20;

and Serpent, 44 -45

Doge's Palace, 81

E

Ecclesia, 32 , 36 , 37

Eden. See Garden of Paradise

Eve: as active agent, 43 , 48 , 49 ;

admonished by God, 44 ;

as antitype to Mary, 35 , 39 , 60 -61, 110 n. 3, 125 n. 21;

body and hair, postlapsarian ornamentation of, 2 , 59 -60, 66 -72;

and carnality, 34 , 35 , 40 , 49 , 50 , 61 , 64 , 66 , 68 , 70 ;

created from Adam's side, 22 , 30 -34, 75 , 87 , 103 n. 23;

and creation in Gen. I: 27 , 21 -22;

creation of as singular or paired scenes, 37 ;

culpability of, 64 ;

with distaff and spindle, 57 , 59 , 60 -61, 67 , 71 -72, 87 , 115 n. 6;

enthroned, 2 , 59 -61, 66 , 87 , 115 n. 6;

enthroned as Queen of Misrule, 66 -67;

and Fortune, 83 , 85 -87;

gaze of, 49 , 72 ;

Godlike, 43 , 48 , 59 , 71 ;

hair of, uncovered, 60 ;

hand gestures of, left, 52 -53, 57 , 65 , 75 ;

as mate for Adam, 28 , 37 -38, 109 n. 30;

misogynist interpretation of, 2 , 7 , 106 -7n. 12 ;

as mother, 40 , 75 -76, 109 n. 30, 115 n. 6;

named "Eve," 40 , 112 n. 20;

named "Woman," 25 , 43 -44, 103 n. 23, 112 n. 20;

nature, inferior, 31 -41, 43 -44, 76 ;

nature, postlapsarian, 49 , 60 , 64 , 67 -68, 76 ;

nature, prelapsarian, 38 , 40 -41, 62 , 66 ;

not in God's image, 25 , 34 , 118 -19n. 23 ;

positioned in center, 43 -44, 66 ;

positioned negatively, 39 , 45 , 48 -58 passim, 60 , 108 n. 25;

positioned negatively, legs crossed or bared, 50 , 56 , 70 ;

positioned negatively, reversed, 43 , 45 , 47 , 51 ;

positioned at picture's left, 34 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 55 , 76 ;

positioned at picture's right, 48 , 66 ;

posture, erect of, 43 ;

posture, profile of, 48 , 49 , 54 , 55 , 57 ;

and Power of Women theme, 66 -73;

and pride, 35 -36, 48 , 61 , 64 , 66 -67, 70 -73;

pudendum of, 40 , 49 ;

punishments of, 38 , 61 -62, 64 -66;

and Serpent, 44 , 45 , 50 , 61 , 63 ;

soul of, 34 -35, 38 -40, 108 n. 26;

and speech, 45 , 49 , 52 -54, 75 -76, 112 n. 19, 122 n. 45.

See also Adam and Eve; Dixit, and Eve

Evil, 16 -17, 48 , 88 , 105 n. 7

F

Florence, Baptistry, Creation of the Souls of Adam and Eve (Plate 10), 38 -39, 108 n. 24

Fortune and her Wheel, 83 -87, 124 n. 15, 125 n. 19, 125 n. 22

G

Galatians 4: 23 , 68

Garden of Eden. See Garden of Paradise

Garden of Paradise, 22 , 25 -27, 28 , 30 -31, 82 ;

portal of, 25 , 56 -57, 60 -61

Genesis: Douay translation, Creation text from, 89 -95;

interpretations of, 2 , 3 5, 41 , 60 , 106 n. 12;

J text, 4 , 13 , 21 -22, 24 , 31 , 54 -55, 102 n. 23, 103 n. 27, 104 n. 30, 106 n. 12;

P text, 4 , 13 , 14 , 21 , 74 , 104 n. 30;

Vulgate translation, 3 -4, 14 , 21 , 34 , 44 , 52 -55.

See also Comestor, Peter; Jerome, Saint


140

Genesis 1 , 14 , 102 n. 22;

1:1, 16 ;

1:3-5, 14 , 16 ;

1: 6, 18 ;

1:9, 18 ;

1:11, 18 ;

1: 20, 101 n.20;

1:22, 19 ;

1:26, 13 , 102 n. 22, 103 n. 27;

1:27, 21 -22, 23 , 24 , 102 n. 22;

1:28, 74 , 75 ;

1:29-30, 104 n. 30;

2, 38 ;

2:4, 13 ;

2:7, 21 , 102 -103n. 23;

2: 9, 104 n. 30;

2:15, 63 ;

2:16, 27 ;

2:16-17, 104 n. 30;

2 :19, 103 n. 23;

2:21-22, 21 , 34 , 102 n. 22, 103 n. 23;

2:23, 43 -44, 112 n. 20;

3:1, 44 -45, 47 ;

3:2, 45 , 112 n. 20;

3:4,44 -45;

3:5, 48 ;

3:9, 52 ;

3:10, 52 ;

3:13, 112 n. 20;

3:14-16, 63 , 116 n. 14;

3:17, 49 ;

3:20, 40 , 112 n. 20, 115 n. 6;

3:22, 48 , 63 , 116 n. 9;

3:23-24, 57 ;

4:1, 74 , 112 n. 20, 122 n. 45;

4:25, 122 n. 45;

5:1-2, 102 n. 22;

5:25, 112 n. 20;

6:1-8, 119 n. 23;

11, 14 ;

11:19 , 16 ;

18:12-15, 100 n. 10

Gestures. See Postures

Giotto di Bondone, 12

God, 13 , 16 -17, 29 , 101 n. 18;

as active agent, 14 -16, 18 , 101 n. 20;

hand gestures of, blessing, 23 ;

hand gestures of, both, 34 , 40 , 56 -58 passim;

hand gestures of, left, 27 , 40 , 104 n. 30;

hand gestures of, right, 14 , 15 , 19 , 28 , 43 , 51 -55 passim, 102 n. 20, 121 n. 37;

positioned at picture's left, 15 -16, 24 ;

posture, active of 22 , 24 , 32 ;

posture, profile of, 32 ;

posture, static of, 15 , 23 -24, 50 , 54

Grapevine, 32

H

Hagar, 68 -70, 118 n. 22, 122 n. 47

Hic:78 , 123 n. 3.

See also Atrium mosaics, tituli beginning HIC

Hildesheim Missal , Fall of the Rebel Angels , 85 - 87 ;

The Lord Holding the Wheel of Creation , 85 -87

Holkham Bible Picture Book: God in the Act of Creation with His Compass (Plate 12), 85 ;

Wheel of Fortune (Fig. 33), 85

Humility, 35 -36, 67

I

Illiteracy, verbal, 5 , 12 , 99 n. 4

Innocent III (Lothario dei Segni), 67 , 72 -73, 74 -75, 106 n. 8

Isaac, 70 , 81 , 118 n. 22, 122 n. 47

Ishmael, 70 , 81 , 118 n. 22, 122 n. 47

J

Jerome, Saint, 64 , 72 , 117 n. 15, 120 n. 29

Jeu d'Adam , 67 , 108 n. 22, 109 n. 31, 109 -10n. 2 , 110 n. 3

Joachim of Fiore, 99 n. 10

John 1:1, 14

John of Salisbury, 63

Joseph (Old Testament), 8 , 50 , 70 , 81 , 82

Josephus, 47 , 63

K

Kabbalah, 102 n. 22, 105 n. 7

Kessler, Herbert. See Weitzmann, Kurt and Herbert Kessler

L

Lateran Council: Third, of 1179, 120 n. 35;

Fourth, of 1215, 17 , 74 -75, 120 n. 35

Latino, Brunetto, 107 n. 17

Left symbolism. See Right and left symbolism

Light, 16 , 17 , 19 , 38 , 45 , 81 -82

Lilith, 102 n. 22

Literacy: verbal, 5 -6, 78 (see also Illiteracy, verbal);

visual, 5 - 6 , 12 , 99 n. 4 (see also Visual language, reading of)

Lucifer. See Angels: Lucifer

M

Manicheans, 16 -17

Markow, Deborah, 108 n. 24

Mary, 39 , 61 , 116 n. 8. See also Eve, as antitype to Mary

Michael, Archangel. See under Angels

Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel Creation cycle, 31 ;

Creation of Eve (Fig. 13), 31 , 105 n. 7;

The Fall of Adam and Eve (Fig. 18), 40 , 109 n. 30

Mirror symbolism, 114 n. 1, 124 n. 14. See also Atrium mosaics, Creation cupola as mirror

Monreale, Abbey Church, 61 , 101 n. 17, 116 n. 8

Moses, 8 , 82 , 100 n. 10, 103 n. 25

Murano, church, 61

N

Noah, 8 , 32 , 74 , 75 , 80 , 82 . See also Postures, drunken

O

Old Testament Picture Book, Creation of Eve (Plate 8), 31 ;

The Fall (Plate 8), 47

P

Paolino, Fra', 72 -73

Paradise. See Garden of Paradise

Paul.

See I Corinthians 11:3-10; I Timothy 2:8-15

Phoenix, 56 -57

Picture's right and left, 11 , 17 , 34 , 38 , 48 , 85 , 114 n. 1, 118 n. 22.

See also Adam, positioned at picture's left;

Adam, positioned at picture's right;

Eve, positioned at picture's left;

Eve, positioned at picture's right;

God, positioned at picture's left;

Serpent, positioned at picture's right

Pisano, Nicola and Giovanni, 104 n. 6

Postures: active agent pose, 14 -15, 49 (see also under Adam; Eve; God);

adlocu-


141

tio gesture, 12 ;

bent, 34 , 50 , 54 , 63 , 66 , 76 ,

drunken, 32 , 106 n. 9;

erect, 43 , 48 , 57 , 116 n. 11 (see also Eve, posture, erect of; Serpent, posture, erect of);

hand gestures, right or left, 14 , 27 , 47 -58 passim, 100 n. 10 (see also Adam, hand gestures of, left; Angels, hand gestures of; Eve, hand gestures of, left; God, hand gestures of);

inverted, 31 -32, 41 ;

of legs, 50 , 56 , 70 , 113 n. 29;

meaning of, 11 -13,100 n. 8;

profile, 32 , 48 , 55 , 57 , 104 n. 5, 119 n. 27 (see also Adam, posture, profile of; Eve, posture, profile of; God, posture, profile of);

of sleep, 32 -33;

wrist-holding gesture, 34 , 40 .

See also Adam, positioned negatively;

Adam, posture;

Eve, enthroned;

Eve, positioned negatively;

God, posture

Potiphar's wife, 50 , 68 -70, 100 n. 10, 118 n. 22

Power of Women, 66 -73, 117 n. 15

Pride, 17 , 35 , 40 , 67 , 72 , 73 .

See also Eve, and pride

Protevangelium of James , 61

Psalms 11: 9 , 82

Psalter of Robert de Lisle, Tree of Vices (Fig. 30), 67

R

Ravenna, Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, Judgment of Nations , 101 n. 18

Relic of the True Cross, San Marco Treasury, 35 , 57 , 106 n. 10

Retrospective fallacy, 6 , 64 , 98 n. 7

Right and left symbolism, 32 , 36 , 104 -5n. 7.

See also Picture's right and left; Postures, gestures, right or left hand

Rivers of Paradise, personifications of, 27 , 103 n. 29

Rome, Santa Maria Maggiore, Annunciation (Fig 27), 61

Rome, St. Paul's (copy after), Creation of the Souls of Adam and Eve (Fig. 17), 38 -39, 108 n. 24

Rupert of Deutz, 111 .19

S

Salerno Antependium, 101 -2n. 20

Sarah, 68 -70, 100 n. 10, 118 n. 22

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, 114 n. 2

Semiotics, 12 , 29

Serpent, 19 , 21 , 51 -52, 67 ;

authoritative, 44 , 45 , 48 ;

and blue tree, 35 , 44 -45;

and Fall, 44 -48;

female-headed, 45 ;

and Lucifer, 19 -21, 35 , 45 , 52 , 61 , 110 n. 4;

nature, prelapsarian, 63 ;

positioned at picture's right, 44 -45, 55 ;

posture, erect of, 44 , 63 ;

punishment of, 45 , 55 , 63 ;

and speech, 44 -45, 63 .

See also under Eve

Seth, 49 , 75 -76, 106 n. 10, 112 n. 20, 122 n. 45

Sin, 19

Speculum humanae salvationis , 114 -15n. 2 ;

Labors of Adam and Eve (Fig. 29), 67 , 117 n. 18

Spindle. See Distaff and spindle

Steinberg, Leo, 109 n. 30

Sumptuary legislation, 73 , 120 -21n. 35

Synagoga, 32 , 36

T

Tertullian, 71 , 110 n. 3, 114 n. 2, 119 n. 23

Theophrastus, 120 n. 29

Thomas of Cîteaux, 63

Tikkanen, Johan Jakob, 8

I Timothy 2:8-15, 76

Torcello, cathedral, 61

Torriti, Jacopo, Creation of the Souls of Adam and Eve (Plate 9), 38 -39, 108 n. 24

Tree of Jesse, 35

Tree of Knowledge, 13 , 25 -27, 35 -36, 37 , 55 ;

with blue foliage, 27 , 35 , 38 , 39 , 44 -46, 51 ;

branch of planted, 33 , 106 n. 10;

and the Cross, 33 ;

as fig tree, 27 , 46 , 48 , 49 -50,110 n. 8;

as fruit tree, 18 -19, 27 ;

God's admonition regarding, 27 , 44 ;

as green tree, 27 ;

and poison, 46 , 112 n. 19;

and Serpent, 44 -46.

See also Tree of Life, and Tree of Knowledge

Tree of Life, 25 -27, 32 -36, 37 , 56 -58, 116 n. 9;

and Tree of Knowledge, 36 , 37 , 46 , 51 , 55

Trees of Virtues and Vices, 35 -36, 67

V

Venice: and early Christianity, 61 , 77 , 88 ;

and Egypt, 118 n. 22;

and homosexuals, 73 , 88 ;

iconography of, 79 , 81 , 123 n. 5;

and Jews, 73 , 88 ;

and Justice, 79 , 81 ;

and Muslims, 70 , 73 , 81 , 88 ;

as New Constantinople, 77 , 100 n. 13;

as New Rome, 39 , 77 , 100 n. 13;

and women, 73 , 120 n. 33

Venice, San Marco: Cappella Zen, 61 ;

ecclesiastical court in, 80 ;

north facade of, 125 n. 22;

Procurator's role at, 7 , 79 ;

west facade, 60 , 79 -80, 82 , 108 n. 21.

See also Atrium mosaics

Virtues and Vices, 108 n. 21.

See also Trees of Virtues and Vices

Visual language, 5 -6, 64 , 88 , 122 n. 47;

experience of viewing, 9 -11, 82 -83;

reading of, 9 -13, 19 , 23 -24, 27 , 41 , 99 n. 4 (see also Literacy: visual);

simile, 12 -13, 28 -29, 32 , 33 -34, 35 , 50 ;

syntax, 6 , 14 , 23 -25, 36 , 44 , 48 , 88 .

See also Active agent pose; Postures; Right and left symbolism


142

Vita Adae et Evae , 55 , 57 , 109 n. 2;

and the Fall, 110 nn. 3, 8, 112 n. 19, 113 n. 24;

and the Serpent, 110 nn. 4, 8, 112 n. 19

W

Weitzmann, Kurt, 27 , 101 nn. 17, 20, 103 -4nn. 29 , 30 , 115 n. 4

Weitzmann, Kurt, and Herbert Kessler: and Cotton Genesis, 101 n. 19, 101 -2n. 20 , 102 -3n. 23 , 103 nn. 27, 28 , 104 n. 2, 106 n. 9, 111 n. 12, 112 -13n. 23 ;

and Cotton Genesis reconstruction, 44 , 45 , 57 , 102 -3n. 23 , 122 n. 45.

See also Cotton Genesis

Wheel of Fortune. See Fortune and her Wheel

Women on Top, 66 -67, 117 n. 16.

See also Power of Women

Women, 35 , 43 , 64 , 70 ;

and conception, 105 n. 7;

as defective, 34 -35, 40 , 66 , 72 , 76 , 105 n. 7;

and gaze, 119 n. 27;

hair of, covered, 70 , 71 ;

medical views about, 35 , 105 n. 7, 107 n. 13, 109 n. 1;

and spinning, 60 , 114 n. 2;

and vanity, 71 -73.

See also Eve


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