Select Bibliography

The titles of books written in Arabic are translated for the benefit of readers who do not know Arabic. Where authors include an English translation of the title, that translation is used. All translations appear between parentheses after the original title.

Archival Sources

Jerusalem Islamic Court, East Jerusalem, Palestine. Sijillat mahkamat al-Quds al-shar‘iyya (The Islamic Court Records of Jerusalem). Vols. 280–349. 1798–1865.

Nablus, Palestine. The Nablus Advisory Council Records (Sijillat majlis shura Nablus). 1848–1853. The original is privately owned.

Nablus Islamic Court, Nablus, Palestine. Sijillat mahkamat Nablus al-shar‘iyya (The Islamic Court Records of Nablus). Vols. 1–13B. 1665–1865.

Family Papers

Nablus, Palestine. Documents from the Nimr, Smadi, Arafat, Burqawi, Tuqan, Jardana, Abd al-Hadi, Khammash, Khalaf, and Ya‘ish families.

Unpublished Manuscripts

Amiry, Suad M. A. Space, Kinship and Gender: The Social Dimensions of Peasant Architecture in Palestine. Ph.D. diss., University of Edinburgh, 1987.

Al-Arid, Walid. XIX. Yüzyilda Cebel-i Nablus. Ph.D. diss., Istanbul University, 1992.

Cuno, Ken. Was the Land of Ottoman Syria miri or milk? An Examination of Juridical Differences within the Hanafi School. Unpublished paper delivered to the PARSS Seminar on the Middle East, University of Pennsylvania, November 1993.

Doumani, Beshara. Merchants, the State, and Socioeconomic Change in Ottoman Palestine: The Nablus Region, 1800–1860. Ph.D. diss., Georgetown University, 1990.

Fattah, Hala. The Development of the Regional Market in Iraq and the Gulf, 1800–1900. Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 1986.

Kana‘an, Ruba. Patronage and Style in Mercantile Residential Architecture of Ottoman Bilad al-Sham: The Nablus Region in the Nineteenth Century. M.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford, 1993.

Khoury, Dina. The Political Economy of the Province of Mosul: 1700–1850. Ph.D. diss., Georgetown University, 1987.

Manna, Adel. The Sancak of Jerusalem between Two Invasions (1798–1831): Administration and Society. Ph.D. diss., Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1986. (Hebrew).

Meriwether, Margaret Lee. The Notable Families of Aleppo, 1770–1830: Networks and Social Structure. Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1981.

Moors, Annelies. Women and Property: A Historical-Anthropological Study of Women’s Access to Property through Inheritance, the Dower and Labour in Jabal Nablus, Palestine. Ph.D. diss., University of Amsterdam, 1992.

Naff, Alixa. A Social History of Zahle, the Principal Market Town in Nineteenth-Century Lebanon. Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 1972.

Reilly, James. Origins of Peripheral Capitalism in the Damascus Region, 1830–1914. Ph.D. diss., Georgetown University, 1987.

Rogan, Eugene. Incorporating the Periphery: The Ottoman Extension of Direct Rule over Southeastern Syria (Transjordan), 1867–1914. Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1991.

Sabri, Bahjat. Liwa al-Quds fi al-qarn al-tasi ashar, 1840–1873. M.A. thesis, Ayn al-Shams University, 1973.

Yeager, Susan Lee. The Ottoman Empire on Exhibition: The Ottoman Empire at International Exhibitions 1851–1867, and the sergi-i umumi Osmani, 1863. Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1981.

Zarinebaf-Shahr, Fariba. Tabriz under Ottoman Rule (1725–1730). Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1991.

Published Works

Al-Abbasi, Mustafa. Tarikh al Tuqan fi Jabal Nablus (History of the Tuqan Household in Jabal Nablus). Shfa‘amr, Israel, 1990.

Abdel-Karim, Ahmad. Al-Taqsim al-idari li Suriyya (Administrative Structure of Syria). Cairo, 1961.

Abdel Nour, Antoine. Introduction a l’histoire urbaine de la Syrie ottomane, XVIe–XVIIIe siècle. Beirut, 1982.

Abir, Mordechai. “Local Leadership and Early Reforms in Palestine, 1800-1834” . In Moshe Ma‘oz, ed., Studies on Palestine during the Ottoman Period. Jerusalem, 1975, 284–310.

Abou El-Haj, Rifa‘at Ali. Formation of the Modern State in the Ottoman Empire, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Century. Albany, N.Y., 1991.

Abu-Husayn, Abdul-Rahim. Provincial Leadership in Syria, 1575–1650. Beirut, 1985.

Abu Izz al-Din, Sulayman. Ibrahim basha fi Suriyya (Ibrahim Pasha in Syria). Beirut, 1929.

Abujaber, Raouf Sa‘d. Pioneers over Jordan: The Frontier of Settlement in Transjordan, 1850–1914. London, 1989.

Abu-Lughod, Janet L. Before European Hegemony: The World System, A.D. 1250–1350. Oxford, 1989.

——————. “The Islamic City: Historic Myth, Islamic Essence, and Contemporary Relevance” . IJMES, 19 (1987), 155–176.

Adas, Michael. “From Avoidance to Confrontation: Peasant Protest in Precolonial and Colonial Southeast Asia,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 23 (1981), 217–247.

Amin, Samir. Accumulation on a World Scale. New York, 1974.

Amiran, D. H. K. “The Pattern of Settlement in Palestine” . Israel Exploration Journal, 3 (1953), 65–78, 192–209, 250–260.

Amiry, Suad, and Vera Tamari. The Palestinian Village Home. London, 1989.

Al-Ansari, Shams al-Din. Nukhbat al-dahr fi aja’ib al-barr wa al-bahr (Time’s Selected Wonders in Land and Sea). St. Petersburg, Russia, 1866.

Antoun, Richard, and Iliya Harik. Rural Politics and Social Change in the Middle East. Bloomington, Ind., 1972.

Appadurai, Arjun. “Introduction: Commodities and the Politics of Value” . In Arjun Appadurai, ed., The Social Life of Things. (Cambridge, England, 1986), 3–63.

———, ed. The Social Life of Things. Cambridge, England, 1986.

Al-Aref, Aref. “The Closing Phase of Ottoman Rule in Jerusalem” . In Moshe Ma‘oz, ed., Studies on Palestine during the Ottoman Period. Jerusalem, 1975, 334-340.

——————. Al-Muffassal fi tarikh al-Quds (A Detailed History of Jerusalem). Jerusalem, 1961.

Arraf, Shukri. Al-Ard, al-insan;bn, wa al-juhd: Dirasa li hadaratina al-madiya ala ardina (Land, Man, and Effort: A Study of Our Past Civilization on Our Land). Acre, 1982.

——————. Al-Qarya al-arabiyya al-filastiniyya: Mabna wa isti‘malat aradi (The Palestinian-Arab Village: Structure and Land Use). Jerusalem, 1986.

Asad, Talal. “The Bedouin as a Military Force: Notes on Some Aspects of Power Relations between Nomads and Sedentaries in Historical Perspective” . In Cynthia Nelson, ed., The Desert and the Sown: Nomads in a Wider Society. Berkeley, Calif., 1974, 61–74.

Al-Asali, Kamil J. Mawsim al-nabi Musa fi Filastin: Tarikh al-mawsim wa al-maqam (The Nabi Musa Feast in Palestine: History of the Feast and the Sanctuary). Amman, 1990.

Ashtor, Eliyahu. Studies on the Levantine Trade in the Middle Ages. London, 1978.

Aston, T. H., and C. H. E. Philpin, eds. The Brenner Debate: Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Pre-Industrial Europe. Cambridge, England, 1985.

Avitsur, Shmuel. “The Influence of Western Technology on the Economy of Palestine during the Nineteenth Century” . In Moshe Ma‘oz, ed., Studies on Palestine during the Ottoman Period. Jerusalem, 1975, 485–494.

Awad, Abd al-Aziz Muhammad. Al-Idara al-uthmaniyya fi wilayat Suriyya, 1864–1914 A.D.(Ottoman Administration in the Province of Syria, 1864–1914). Cairo, 1969.

Awra, Ibrahim. Tarikh wilayat Sulayman basha al-adil (History of the Reign of Sulayman Pasha the Just). Edited by Constantine Pasha al-Mukhlasi. Sidon, 1936.

Badran, Nabil. “Al-Rif al-filastini qabl al-harb al-alamiyya al-ula ” (The Palestinian Countryside before the First World War). Shu’un Filastiniyya, 7 (March 1972), 116–129.

Baer, Gabriel. “The Dismemberment of Awqaf in Early 19th Century Jerusalem” . AAS, 13:3 (1979), 220–241.

——————. Fellah and Townsman in the Middle East: Studies in Social History. Totowa, N.J., 1982.

——————. “The Impact of Economic Change on Traditional Society in Nineteenth Century Palestine” . In Moshe Ma‘oz, ed., Studies on Palestine during the Ottoman Period. Jerusalem, 1975, 495–498.

——————. “Jerusalem Families of Notables and the Wakf in the Early 19th Century” . In David Kushner, ed., Palestine in the Late Ottoman Period. Jerusalem and Leiden, 1986, 109–122.

——————. “Village and City in Egypt and Syria” . In A. L. Udovitch, ed., The Islamic Middle East, 700–1900: Studies in Economic and Social History. Princeton, N.J., 1981, 595–652.

Bakhit, Muhammad Adnan. The Ottoman Province of Damascus in the Sixteenth Century. London, 1972.

Bakhit, Muhammad Adnan, et al. Kashshaf ihsa’i zamani li-sijillat al-mahakam al-shar‘iyya wa al-awqaf al-islamiyya fi Bilad al-Sham (Statistical and Chronological Index of the Islamic Court Records and Muslim waqfs in Greater Syria). Amman, 1984.

Bakhit, Muhammad Adnan, and Noufan Raja Hmuod, eds.Daftar muffasal liwa Ajlun: Tapu defter-i raqam 970 (The Detailed Defter of Ajlun District: Tapu Deferti No. 970). Amman, 1989.

——————. Daftar muffasal nahiyat Marj Ibn Amir wa tawabi‘iha wa lawahiquha al-lati kanat fi tassaruf al-amir Tarabay sanat 945 h/1538 m (Muffasal Defteri of Marj Ibn Amir and Its Territories That Were Entrusted to Amir Tarabay, A.H. 945/A.D. 1538). Amman, 1989.

Baldensperger, P. J. The Immovable East: Studies of the People and Customs of Palestine. Boston, 1913.

Barbir, Karl. Ottoman Rule in Damascus: 1708–1758. Princeton, N.J., 1980.

Bargouthi, Omar Saleh. “Traces of the Feudal System in Palestine” . JPOS, 9 (1929), 70–79.

———, and Khalil Totah. Tarikh Filastin (History of Palestine). Jerusalem, 1923.

Barker, Edward B. Syria and Egypt under the Last Five Sultans of Turkey.. 2 vols. London, 1876. Reprint, New York, 1973.

Barnes, John. An Introduction to the Religious Foundations of the Ottoman Empire. Leiden, 1986.

Bayly, C. A. The Imperial Meridian: The British Empire and the World, 1780–1830. London and New York, 1989.

——————. Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansionism, 1770–1870. Cambridge, England, 1983.

Bekawi, Sobhi M. English Travel Literature Dealing with Palestine from 1800–1850. Cairo, 1978.

Ben-Arieh, Yehoshua. “The Population of the Large Towns in Palestine during the First Eighty Years of the Nineteenth Century According to Western Sources” . In Moshe Ma‘oz, ed., Studies on Palestine during the Ottoman Period. Jerusalem, 1975, 49–69.

Bishawi, Said Abdullah Jibril. Nablus: Al-awda al-siyasiyya wa al-ijtima‘iyya wa al-thaqafiyya wa al-iqtisadiyya fi asr al-hurub al-salibiyya, 492–690/1099–1291 (Nablus: Political, Social, Cultural, and Economic Conditions during the Crusader Wars, 492–690/1099–1291). Amman, 1991.

Blumberg, Arnold, ed.A View from Jerusalem, 1849–1858: The Consular Diary of James and Elizabeth Anne Finn. London, 1980.

Bodman, H. L. Political Factions in Aleppo, 1760–1826. Chapel Hill, N.C., 1963.

Bose, Sugata, ed.South Asia and World Capitalism. Delhi, 1990.

Bowring, John. Report on the Commercial Statistics of Syria. London, 1840. Reprint, New York, 1973.

Braudel, Fernand. Civilization and Capitalism, 15th–18th Century. 3 vols. New York, 1986.

——————. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. 2 vols., 2d ed. New York, 1976.

Breik, Mikha’il. Tarikh al-Sham, 1720–1780 (History of Damascus). Edited by Qustantine al-Basha. Harissa, Lebanon, 1930.

Buckingham, James Silk. Travels among the Arab Tribes Inhabiting the Countries East of Syria and Palestine. London, 1825.

Al-Budayri, al-Hallaq Ahmad. Hawadith Dimashq al-yawmiyya, 1154–1175/1741–1762 (Daily Events in Damascus, 1154–1175/1741–1762). Edited by Ahmad Izzat Abd al-Karim. Cairo, 1959.

Buheiry, Marwan. “The Agricultural Exports of Southern Palestine, 1885–1914” . JPS, 10:4 (Summer 1981), 61–81.

——————. “The Peasant Revolt of 1858 in Mount Lebanon: Rising Expectations, Economic Malaise and the Incentive to Arm” . In Tarif Khalidi, ed., Land Tenure and Social Transformation in the Middle East. Beirut, 1984, 291–301.

Buheiry, Marwan and Leila Buheiry, eds. The Splendor of the Holy Land: Artisans, Geographers, and Travellers. New York, 1978.

Burckhardt, John Lewis. Travels in Syria and the Holy Land. London, 1822.

Canaan, Tawfiq. Mohammedan Saints and Sanctuaries in Palestine. London, 1927.

Chevalier, Dominique. “De la production lente a l’économie dynamique en Syrie” . Annales,. 21 (1966), 59–70.

——————. “Un example de résistance technique de l’artisinat syrien aux XIXe et XXe siècles: Les tissus ikates d’Alep et de Damas,” Syria,. 39:3–4 (1962), 300–324.

Clancy-Smith, Julia. “The Maghrib and the Mediterranean World in the Nineteenth Century: Illicit Exchanges, Migrants, and Social Marginals” . In Kenneth J. Perkins and Michel Le Gall, eds., Volume in Honor of L. Carl Brown. Princeton, N.J., forthcoming.

——————. Rebel and Saint: Muslim Notables, Populist Protest, Colonial Encounters (Algeria and Tunisia, c. 1800–1904). Berkeley, Calif., 1994.

———. Economic Life in Jerusalem. Cambridge, England, 1989.

——————. Jewish Life under Islam: Jerusalem in the Sixteenth Century. Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1984.

——————. “Local Trade, International Trade and Government in Jerusalem during the Early Ottoman Period” . AAS, 12:1 (1978), 5–12.

——————. “Ottoman Rule and the Re-Emergence of the Coast of Palestine” . Cathedra,. 34 (January 1985), 55–74.

——————. Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: Patterns of Government and Administration. Jerusalem, 1973.

———, and Gabriel Baer. Egypt and Palestine: A Millennium of Association (868–1948). New York, 1984.

———, and Bernard Lewis. Population and Revenue in the Towns of Palestine in the Sixteenth Century. Princeton, N.J., 1978.

Cohn, Bernard. “Cloth, Clothes, and Colonialism: India in the Nineteenth Century” . In A. B. Weiner and J. Schneider, eds., Cloth and Human Experience. New York, 1989, 303–353.

Crecelius, Daniel. The Roots of Modern Egypt: A Study of the Regimes of Ali Bey al-Kabir and Muhammad Bey Abu al-Dahab, 1760–1775. Minneapolis, Minn., and Chicago, 1981.

Croly, George. The Holy Land: Syria, Iduma, Arabia, Egypt & Nubia, From Drawings Made on the Spot by David Roberts. 2 vols. London, 1842, 1849.

Crosby (El-Mukattem). Lands of the Moslem: A Narrative of Oriental Travel. New York, 1851.

Cuno, Ken. “Egypt’s Wealthy Peasantry, 1740–1820: A Study in the Region of al-Mansura” . In Tarif Khalidi, ed., Land Tenure and Social Transformation in the Middle East. Beirut, 1984, 303–332.

——————. “The Origins of Private Ownership of Land in Egypt: A Reappraisal” . IJMES, 12 (1980), 245–275.

——————. The Pasha’s Peasants: Land, Society, and Economy in Lower Egypt, 1740–1858. Cambridge, England, 1992.

Al-Dabbagh, Mustafa Murad. Biladuna Filastin (Our Country, Palestine). 11 vols. Beirut, 1988.

Darwaza, Muhammad Izzat, Al-Arab wa al-uruba fi haqabat al-taqallub al-turki min al-qarn al-thalith hatta al-qarn al-rabi ashar al-hijri (Arabs and Arabism during the Upheavals of the Turkish Era from the Thirteenth to the Fourteenth Islamic Centuries). 11 vols., 2d ed.. Vol. 5, Fi sharq al-Urdun wa Filastin (In East Jordan and Palestine). Sidon, 1981.

——————. Mi’at am filastiniyya: Mudhakarat wa tasjilat (One Hundred Palestinian Years: Memories and Notes). Damascus, 1984.

DeJong, F. “Sufi Orders in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Palestine” . Studia Islamica. 58 (1983), 149–181.

Dols, Michael W. “The Second Plague Pandemic and Its Recurrences in the Middle East: 1347–1894” . JESHO, 22 (1979), 162–189.

Doumani, Beshara. “Palestinian Islamic Court Records: A Source for Socioeconomic History” . MESA Bulletin. 19 (1985), 155–172.

——————. “The Political Economy of Population Counts in Ottoman Palestine: Nablus, circa 1850” . IJMES, 26 (1994), 1–17.

——————. “Rediscovering Ottoman Palestine: Writing Palestinians into History” . JPS, 21:2 (Winter 1992), 5–28.

Farah, Bulos. Min al-uthmaniyya ila al-dawla al-ibriyya (From the Ottoman to the Hebrew State). Nazareth, 1985.

Farah, Caesar E. “The Quadruple Alliance and Proposed Ottoman Reform in Syria, 1839–1841” . IJTS, 2 (1981), 101–127.

Faroqhi, Suraiya. Men of Modest Substance: House Owners and House Property in Seventeenth-Century Ankara and Kaysari. Cambridge, England, 1987.

——————. “Notes on the Production of Cotton and Cotton Cloth in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Anatolia” . In Huri Iṡlamoğlu-Iṅan, ed., The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy. Cambridge, England, 1987, 262–270.

——————. Towns and Townsmen of Ottoman Anatolia: Trade, Crafts and Food Production in an Urban Setting, 1520–1650. Cambridge, England, 1984.

Farraj, Nicola. Qissat al-shaykh Zahir (The Story of Shaykh Zahir). Beirut, 1926.

Fawaz, Leila. Merchants and Migrants in Nineteenth-Century Beirut. Cambridge, Mass., 1983.

Finn, Elizabeth Anne. Home in the Holy Land: A Tale Illustrating Customs and Incidents in Modern Jerusalem. London, 1866.

——————. Palestine Peasantry: Notes on Their Clans, Warfare, Religion and Laws. London, 1923.

Finn, James. Stirring Times: Or Records from Jerusalem Consular Chronicles of 1853 to 1856. Edited by Elizabeth Anne Finn. 2 vols. London, 1878.

Firestone, Ya‘akov. “Crop-Sharing Economics in Mandatory Palestine” . MES, 11 (1975), 2–23, 175–194.

——————. “Production and Trade in an Islamic Context: Sharika Trade Contracts in the Transitional Economy of Northern Samaria, 1853–1943” . IJMES, 6 (1975), 185–209, 308–324.

Fisher, Stanley. Ottoman Land Laws. London, 1919.

Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth, and Eugene Genovese. Fruits of Merchant Capital: Slavery and Bourgeois Property in the Rise and Expansion of Capitalism. Oxford, 1983.

Frangakis-Syrett, Elena. “The Trade of Cotton and Cloth in Izmir: From the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century to the Early Nineteenth Century” . In Çağlar Keyder and Faruk Tabak, eds., Landholding and Commercial Agriculture in the Middle East. Albany, N.Y., 1991, pp. 97–111.

Frantz-Murphy, Gladys. “A New Interpretation of the Economic History of Medieval Egypt: The Role of the Textile Industry, 254–567/868–1171” . JESHO, 24 (1981), 274–297.

Geertz, Clifford, Mildred Geertz, and Lawrence Rosen. Meaning and Order in Moroccan Society: Three Essays in Cultural Analysis. Cambridge, England, 1979.

Gerber, Haim. “Modernization in Nineteenth-Century Palestine: The Role of Foreign Trade” . MES, 18 (1982), 250–264.

——————. Ottoman Rule in Jerusalem, 1890–1914. Berlin, 1985.

——————. “Sharia, Kanun and Custom in the Ottoman Law: The Court Records of 17th-Century Bursa” . IJTS, 3 (1984/1985), 131–147.

——————. The Social Origins of the Modern Middle East. Boulder, Colo., 1987.

Gharayba, Abdel-Karim Mahmud. Suriyya fi al-qarn al-tasi ashar (Syria in the Nineteenth Century). Cairo, 1961.

Gibb, H. A. R., and Harold Bowen. Islamic Society and the West. 2 vols. Oxford, 1951, 1957.

Gilsenan, Michael. “Against Patron-Client Relations” . In Ernest Gellner and John Waterbury, eds., Patrons and Clients. London, 1977, 167–183.

Goiten, S. D. A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza. Vol. 1, Economic Foundation. Berkeley, Calif., 1967. Vol. 4, Daily Life. Berkeley, Calif., 1983.

Goldstone, Jack. “East and West in the Seventeenth Century: Political Crises in Stuart England, Ottoman Turkey, and Ming China” . Comparative Studies in Society and History. 30 (1988), 103–142.

Gozanski, Tamar. Tatawur al-ra’smaliyya fi Filastin (Capitalist Development in Palestine). Haifa, 1987.

Graham-Brown, Sarah. Palestinians and Their Society, 1880–1946: A Photographic Essay. London and New York, 1980.

——————. “The Political Economy of Jabal Nablus, 1920–1948” . In Roger Owen, ed., Studies in the Economic and Social History of Palestine in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. London, 1982, 88–176.

Gran, Peter. Islamic Roots of Capitalism, Egypt 1760–1840. Austin, Tex., 1979.

——————. “Political Economy as a Paradigm for the Study of Islamic History” . IJMES, 11 (1980), 511–526.

Grant, Elihu. The People of Palestine. London, 1921.

Grossman, David, and Zeev Safrai. “Satellite Settlements in Western Samaria” . The Geographical Review. 70 (1980), 446–461.

Haddad, Yusuf. Al-Mujtama wa al-turath fi Filastin: Qaryat al-Bassa (Society and Folklore in Palestine: A Case Study of Al-Bassa Village). Acre, 1987.

Hanna, Abdullah. Harakat al-amma al-dimashqiyya fi al-qarnayn al-thamin-ashar wa al-tasi ashar (Damascene Popular Movements in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries). Damascus, 1985.

——————. Al-Qadiyya al-zira‘iyya wa al-harakat al-fallahiyya fi Suriyya wa Lubnan, 1820–1920 (The Agricultural Question and Peasant Movements in Syria and Lebanon, 1820–1920). Beirut, 1975.

Harik, Iliya F. Politics and Change in a Traditional Society: Lebanon, 1711–1845. Princeton, N.J., 1968.

Heyd, Uriel. Ottoman Documents on Palestine, 1552-1615: A Study of the Firman According to the Muhimme Defteri. Oxford, 1960.

Hill, Enid. Mahkama! Studies in the Egyptian Legal System. London, 1979.

Hilton, Rodney, ed. The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism. London, 1984.

Al-Hilu, Mussallam. (Qissat madinat Nablus (Story of the City of Nablus). Tunis, n.d.

Hindess, Barry, and Paul Q. Hirst. Pre-Capitalist Modes of Production. London, 1975.

Hinz, Walther. Al-Makayil wa al-awzan al-islamiyya wa ma yu‘adiluha fi al-nizam al-mitri (Islamic Weights and Measures and Their Metric Equivalent). Translated by Kamil al-Asali. Amman, 1970.

Hoexter, Meriam. “Egyptian Involvement in the Politics of Notables in Palestine: Ibrahim Pasha in Jabal Nablus” . In Amnon Cohen and Gabriel Baer, eds., Egypt and Palestine: A Millennium of Association (868–1948). New York, 1984, 190–213.

——————. “The Role of the Qays and Yaman Factions in Local Political Divisions: Jabal Nablus Compared with the Judean Hills in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century” . AAS, 9:3 (1973), 249–311.

Hofman, Yitzhak. “The Administration of Syria and Palestine under Egyptian Rule, 1831-1840” . In Moshe Ma‘oz, ed., Studies on Palestine during the Ottoman Period. Jerusalem, 1975, 311-333.

Holt, P. M. Egypt and the Fertile Crescent, 1516–1922: A Political History. Ithaca, N.Y., 1966.

Homsi, Mahdi S. Tarikh Tarablus min khilal watha’iq al-mahkamah al-shar’iyya fi al-nisf al-thani min al-qarn al-sabi ashar (The History of Tripoli According to Islamic Court Records during the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century). Tripoli, 1985.

Hourani, Albert. “The Changing Face of the Fertile Crescent in the Eighteenth Century” . Studia Islamica. 8 (1957), 89–122.

——————. “Ottoman Reform and the Politics of Notables” . In W. R. Polk and Richard L. Chambers, eds., Beginnings of Modernization in the Middle East. Chicago, 1968.

Hunayti, Harb. Qissat madinat Jenin (The Story of the City of Jenin). Tunis, n.d.

Hurub Ibrahim basha al-masri fi Suriyya wa al-Anadol(The Battles of Ibrahim Pasha the Egyptian in Syria and Anatolia). Edited by Asad Rustum. Cairo, 1927.

Al-Husayni, Muhammad As‘ad. Al-Manhal al-safi fi al-waqf wa ahkamihi, wa al-watha’iq al-tarikhiyya lil-aradi wa al-huquq al-waqfiyya al-islamiyya fi Filastin (The Pure Spring Concerning waqf and Its Conditions, and the Historical Documents of the Islamic Lands and waqf Rights in Palestine). Jerusalem, 1982.

Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter. “Ottoman Administration of the Desert Frontier in the Sixteenth Century” . AAS, 19:2 (1985), 145–155.

———, and Kamal Abdulfattah. Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late Sixteenth Century. Erlangen, Germany, 1977.

Ibn al-Siddiq. Ghara’ib al-bada’i wa aja’ib al-waqa’i (The Strange Wonders and Mysterious Events). Edited by Yusuf Na‘isa. Damascus, 1988.

Iṅalcik, Halil. Application of the Tanzimat and Its Social Effects. Lisse, 1976.

——————. “Centralization and Decentralization in Ottoman Administration” . In Thomas Naff and Roger Owen, eds., Studies in Eighteenth Century Islamic History. Carbondale, Ill., and London, 1977, 27–52.

——————. Ottoman Empire: Conquest, Organization and Economy. London, 1978.

——————. Studies in Ottoman Social and Economic History. London, 1985.

——————. “When and How British Cotton Goods Invaded the Levant Markets” . In Huri Iṡlamoğlu-Iṅan, ed., The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy. Cambridge, England, 1987, 374–383.

Iṡlamoğlu-Iṅan, Huri. “Introduction: ‘Oriental Despotism’ in World System Perspective” . In Huri Iṡlamoğlu-Iṅan, ed., The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy. Cambridge, England, 1987, 1–24.

——————. “M. A. Cook’s Population Pressure in Rural Anatolia: A Critique of the Present Paradigm in Ottoman History” . Review of Middle East Studies. 3 (1976), 120–135.

——————. “Peasants, Commercialization, and Legitimation of State Power in Sixteenth-Century Anatolia” . In Çağlar Keyder and Faruk Tabak, eds., Landholding and Commercial Agriculture in the Middle East. Albany, N.Y., 1991, pp. 57–76.

———, ed. The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy. Cambridge, England, 1987.

Issawi, Charles. “British Trade and the Rise of Beirut, 1830–1860” . IJMES, 8 (1977), 91–101.

——————. The Fertile Crescent, 1800–1914: A Documentary Economic History. Oxford, 1988.

——————. “The Trade of Jaffa, 1825–1914” . In Hisham Nashabe, ed., Studia Palaestina: Studies in Honor of Constantine K. Zurayk. Beirut, 1988, 42–51.

———. The Economic History of the Middle East, 1800–1914. Chicago, 1966. Reprint, Chicago, 1975.

Jaussen, J. A., Coutumes Palestiniennes: Napulouse et son district. Paris, 1927.

Jennings, Ronald. “Women in Early Seventeenth Century Ottoman Judicial Records: The Sharia Court of Anatolian Kayseri” . JESHO, 18 (1975), 53–114.

Johansen, Baber. The Islamic Law on Land Tax and Rent: The Peasants’ Loss of Property Rights as Interpreted in the Hanafite Legal Literature of the Mamluk and Ottoman Periods. London, 1988.

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