The Cigarette Papers
  Foreword
  Preface

 collapse sectionChapter 1  Looking through a Keyhole at the Tobacco Industry
 •Introduction
 •B&W's And Bat's Corporate Structure
 •History Of The B&W Documents
 •Limitations Of The Evidence
 •Conclusion
 •References
 collapse sectionChapter 2  Smoking and Disease: The Tobacco Industry's Earliest Responses
 •Introduction
 •Filter Cigarettes And The "Tar Derby"
 •Early Advertising Claims
 •B&W's Internal Research Program
 collapse sectionThe Council For Tobacco Research
 •Tirc's Organization And Policy
 •The Role of Hill and Knowlton
 •Public Relations Statements About Tirc: Creating A False Controversy
 •The Evolving Role Of CTR
 collapse sectionIndustry Reaction To The 1964 Surgeon General's Report
 •RCP Report, 1962
 •Us Surgeon General's Report, 1964
 collapse sectionReactions By Bat And B&W
 •A "Grave Crisis": B&W's Public Relations
 •"An Aggressive Posture": B&W's Legal Department
 •Conclusion
 •References
 collapse sectionChapter 3  Addiction and Cigarettes as Nicotine Delivery Devices
 •Introduction
 •Southampton Research Conference, 1962
 collapse sectionBattelle's Nicotine Research Program
 •Project Hippo I
 •Project Hippo II
 •"Fate Of Nicotine" Study
 •A Tentative Hypothesis On Nicotine Addiction
 •Debate About Sharing Research Findings With The Us Surgeon General
 •Project Ariel
 collapse sectionBat's Internal Research On Nicotine
 •Overview Of Program, 1967
 •Montreal Research Conference, 1967
 •Hilton Head Research Conference, 1968
 •Kronberg Research Conference, 1969
 •St. Adele Research Conference, 1970
 •Studies On Central Nervous System Effects Of Nicotine
 •Smoker Compensation Studies
 •Montebello Research Conference, 1982
 •Nicotine Dose And "Smoker Satisfaction"
 •Research Agenda On Nicotine, 1983
 •Views Of Nicotine In 1984
 •The Search For Nicotine Analogues
 •The Industry's Public Statements On Nicotine
 •Conclusion
 •References
 collapse sectionChapter 4  The Search for a "Safe" Cigarette
 •Introduction
 •"ZEPHYR" And Its Causes, 1957
 collapse sectionSouthampton Research Conference, 1962
 •Lung Cancer And The British Royal College Of Physicians Report
 •Joint Research by British Tobacco Industry
 •The Bat Research Program
 •The Phenol Crisis
 •Industry-Wide Research In The Uk, 1965
 •Report On Southampton Research, 1967
 •Montreal Research Conference, 1967
 •Hilton Head Research Conference, 1968
 •Kronberg Research Conference, 1969
 •Biological Testing Committee Discussions, 1970
 collapse sectionHealth Versus Public Relations, 1970–1982
 •St. Adele Research Conference, 1970
 •Chelwood Research Conference, 1972
 •Duck Key Research Conference, 1974
 •Merano Research Conference, 1975
 •Sydney Research Conference, 1978
 •London Research Conference, 1979
 •Pichlarn Research Conference, 1981
 •Montebello Research Conference, 1982
 collapse sectionBat's Research Projects, 1960s–1980s
 •Project Janus
 •Project Rio
 •Short-Term Biological Tests
 collapse sectionUS "Smoking And Health" Projects
 •Selective Filtration: The Fact Cigarette
 •The Tobacco Working Group
 •Tobacco Substitutes
 collapse sectionAbandoning The Search
 •Sea Island Research Conference, 1980
 •Responding To The Market, 1985
 •Conclusion
 •References
 collapse sectionChapter 5  Public Relations in the "Safe" Cigarette Era
 •Introduction
 •Getting Out The "Facts"
 collapse sectionSelling Doubt
 •You May Smoke
 •Barron's Editorial
 •The True Magazine Article
 •Using The Same Technique In The 1990s
 •Public Relations Efforts And The AMA
 collapse sectionResisting Government Regulation: Advertising Campaigns
 •Project Truth
 •Using Cigarette Ads to Counter Health Information
 •Rjr's Projects A And B
 •Keeping Track Of Science And Scientists
 •Conclusion
 •References
 collapse sectionChapter 6  Agricultural Chemicals and Cigarette Additives
 •Introduction
 collapse sectionAgricultural Chemicals
 •Sucker Control Agents: MH-30 And Penar
 •Pesticides
 collapse sectionAdditives
 •Chemosol: An Additive To Reduce Cancer
 •Freon
 •Cigarettes With "Nothing Artificial Added"
 •Eugenol
 •Cocoa
 •Coumarin (Deer Tongue)
 •Diethylene Glycol (DEG)
 collapse sectionDisclosure Of Additives
 •Lawyer Concerns Over Additives
 •B&W's Policy On Testing Additives
 •Internal Debate Over Disclosure Of Additives
 •Conclusion
 •References
 collapse sectionChapter 7  Legal Concerns Facing the Industry
 •Introduction
 collapse sectionProtecting Documents From Discovery And Admission As Evidence
 •Work Product Rule
 •Attorney-Client Privilege
 •Federal Court Rulings
 collapse sectionSpecific Strategies To Avoid Discovery
 •Special Procedures For Handling Documents  Sent To B&W
 •Removing "Deadwood" Documents
 collapse sectionRising Fear of Government Regulation
 •Strategies To Defeat Government Regulation
 •Legal Challenges To Regulation
 collapse sectionProducts Liability Concerns
 •Involvement Of Lawyers In Scientific Research
 •"Careless" Statements By Company Scientists
 •Establishing Limits For Sharing Of Information
 •Attribution Of Statements By Subsidiaries
 •Strategy Of No Settlements
 •Maintaining Legal Distance Between B&W And Bat
 collapse sectionB&W Participation In Bat Research
 •Active Participation By B&W Personnel
 •R&D Cost- And Risk-Pooling Agreement
 •Antitrust Concerns
 •Conclusion
 •References
 collapse sectionChapter 8  Lawyer Management of Scientific Research
 •Introduction
 •Projects Run By Lawyers: An Overview
 collapse sectionCTR Special Projects
 •Special Projects Awarded To Henry Rothschild
 •CTR Special Projects Awarded To Carl Seltzer
 •CTR Special Projects Awarded To Theodor Sterling
 •Microbiological Associates
 •Addiction Research Foundation: A Case Study Of A Special Project The Industry Was Not Interested In Funding
 collapse sectionLaw Firm Accounts
 •Special Account 4: Projects And Consultancies
 •Special Account 4: Domingo Aviado
 •University Special Projects
 •Involvement Of Lawyers In Research Design
 •Smokeless Tobacco Council
 •The Kentucky Tobacco And Health Research Institute
 collapse sectionUse Of Research From Special Projects
 •Producing Good Publicity
 •Supporting The Industry's Public Policy Positions
 •Creating A False Controversy Among Scientists
 •Reacting to "Undesirable" Results
 •Influencing Government Policy
 •Conclusion
 •References
 collapse sectionChapter 9  Stonewalling: Politics and Public Relations
 •Introduction
 collapse sectionInfluence Of Attorneys Over Public Relations
 •The Blackman Paper: Rewriting Scientific Documents
 •Science And Public Relations From A Lawyer's Perspective
 collapse sectionSwaying Public Opinion
 •Influencing Corporations
 •Influencing The Media
 •Influencing Physicians
 •Buying Friends
 collapse sectionAdvertising
 •On-Screen Advertising And The Snow White Controversy
 •Product Placement In Movies And On Television
 •Using Modern Marketing Techniques To Sell Cigarettes
 •Conclusion
 •References
 collapse sectionChapter 10  Environmental Tobacco Smoke and the Nonsmokers' Rights Movement
 •Introduction
 •Early Recognition Of The Passive Smoking Issue
 collapse sectionResearch And Product Development Response To The ETS Issue
 •Duck Key Research Conference, 1974
 •Merano Research Conference, 1975
 •Biological Research Meeting, Southampton, 1976
 •Biological Research Meeting, Chelwood, 1977
 •Sydney Research Conference, 1978
 •Uk Research Conferences, 1979
 •Sea Island Research Conference, 1980
 •Pichlarn Research Conference, 1981
 •Montebello Research Conference, 1982
 •Review Of Bat Research Program, 1983
 •Broad Objectives Of Bat's Research Program, Circa 1983
 •Rio De Janeiro Research Conference, 1983
 •Southampton Research Conference, 1984
 collapse sectionPublic Attacks and Private Acceptance Of Ets Research
 •Using Ctr Special Projects To Exonerate Secondhand Smoke
 •Analyzing London's Smoke-Free Underground Trains
 •Interesting Developments In The Hirayama Matter
 collapse sectionState And Local Efforts To Regulate Public Smoking
 •California's Proposition 5 (1978)
 •California's Proposition 10 (1980)
 •The New Jersey Sanitary Code
 •Conclusion
 •References
 collapse sectionChapter 11  Where Do We Go from Here?
 •References

 collapse sectionStatements by Brown and Williamson
 •References
 collapse sectionList of Available Documents
 •Lists (1000 Series)
 •Health And Medical Science (1100 Series)
 •Nicotine (1200 Series)
 •Additives And Pesticides (1300 Series)
 •Tobacco Working Group (1400 Series)
 •Smokeless Tobacco Council (1500 Series)
 •Kentucky Tobacco And Health Research Institute (1600 Series)
 •Health Claims (1700 Series)
 •Lawyers (1800 Series)
 •Tirc And Ctr (1900 Series)
 •Special Projects (2000 Series)
 •Public Relations (2100 Series)
 •Politics (2200 Series)
 •California Propositions 5 and 10 and Other State Activities (2300 Series)
 •Movies (2400 Series)
 •Miscellaneous (2500 Series)
  About the Authors
  Document Index
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 collapse sectionSubject Index
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