Name Index
A
Adams, Jim, Snow White controversy, 364
Adlkofer, Franz
agreed with Hirayama's study on passive smoking and lung cancer, 415 -416
criticism of White and Froeb study, 429 -430
Alar, J.
CTR special project to Carl Seltzer, 295
Medical Communications Program, 360 -362
Andervont, Howard B., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board, 37
Anson, Malcolm, tobacco substitutes, 163
Armitage, A. K., investigation of pharmacology of smoke, 61
Aronow, W.
criticism viewed as public relations plus for tobacco industry, 353
report on carbon monoxide and nonsmokers, negative development for industry, 353
Astrup, P., 384
Austern, H. Thomas
Chemosol, managing research, 213 -216
represented Tobacco Institute before Federal Trade Commission, 214
restricting publication of scientific research, 215 -216
Aviado, Domingo
Atmospheric Health Sciences, Inc., 308
Civil Aeronautics Board, 309
CTR special project, 328
Rylander symposium attendee, 309
special account 4, 307 -310
special account 4 consultancy, 328
symposium presentation, 320 -321
White and Froeb study, criticized, 429
Ayers, C. I.
nicotine, physiological consequences, 92
Penar, tumorigenicity of tobacco smoke condensate, 208
sidestream smoke, biological activity, 402
B
Bahnson, Claus, CTR special project, 328
Baker, R. G., questions scientists considered when making statements to minimize products liability, 275 -276
Baumgardner, C. R., helped organize labor opposition to California Proposition 5, 419
Becker, Carl
Council for Tobacco Research funded, 397
Benowitz, Neal, smoker compensation, 90
Berkson, Joseph, special accouJonsultancy, 328
Berman, George, INFOTAB, 198
Bick, Rodger L.
CTR special project, 328
special account 4 consultancy, 328
Bindig, Max, Chemosol developer, 212
Bing, Richard J., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 37
Binns, R. B., tobacco glycoproteins, 397
Blackhurst, J. D., effect of acidity on nicotine absorption, 79
Blacklock, J., studies of smoking and lung cancer, 112 -113
Blackman, L. C. F.
biological activity of cigarettes, 20
consulted B&W regarding BAT research agenda, 278
environmental tobacco smoke, 22 , 399 , 400
rewriting "Controversy on Smoking and Health," 346 -352
Blalock, J. V.
countering anti-cigarette forces, 189 -193
government regulation, 247 -249, 247 -250
Hill and Knowlton role, 40
nicotine, public relations implications, 102 -103
Project B attacked, 195 -197
Surgeon General's 1964 report, 50
True magazine article, 180
Blau, Theodore, special account 4 consultancy, 328
Boudin, Drummond H., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 37
Bourne, Peter, statement on smoking viewed as public relations plus for tobacco industry, 353
Boutwell, Roswell K., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 37
Bowers, Evelyn J., special account 4 research project, 328
Brennan, Michael J., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 37
Brooke, Oliver, special account 4 research project, 329
Brotman, Richard, special account 5, 329
Brotzge, K. J., annual pesticide residue meetings, 208 -209
Brotzge, R. F., effects of smoking on electroencephalogram, 86
Brown, Barbara, special account 4 consultancy, 329
Brown, Jerry, took neutral position on California Proposition 5 , 419
Brownlee, K. A., cited in Barron's editorial, 177
Bryant, DeBaun
Kronberg Research Conference concerns, 132
R&D cost- and risk-pooling agreements between B&W and BAT, 284
scientists, agrees with Hardy's concerns regarding, 271
tobacco substitutes, 162 -163
Buhler, Victor, CTR special project, 329
Burgard, J. W.
advertising (cigarette) to counter health information, 187 -191
Barron's advertisement, 178
overlap among staff of TIRC, Tobacco Institute, and Hill and Knowlton, 40
short-term toxicity testing of cigarettes, 152
smoking and health research at Imperial Tobacco, 272 -273
Surgeon General's 1964 report, 50
Tobacco Institute Communications Committee, recommendations for 1970, 193 -194
Burger, Chief Justice Warren, passive smoking, 248
Burn, J. H., consultant on pharmacology of smoke, 61
Butts, Mr., 6
See also Brown and Williamson documents, source (Subject Index)
C
Cain, W. S., 377
Califano, Joseph, anti-smoking plan viewed as negative development for tobacco industry, 353
Campbell, John (Imperial Tobacco), Penar, 207
Carter, Mr., smoking-and-health research at Imperial Tobacco, 273
Carter, John R., CTR special project, 329
Cassavetes, John, 368
Castelli, Dr., criticized by Carl Seltzer, 295
Cattell, McKeen, TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 37
Cederloff, Rune
CTR special project, 331
twin studies, 350 -351
Chapin, Jim, statements by US Tobacco regarding health benefits, 275
Chiba, Atsuko, 377
Chilcote, Samuel D., Jr., high-level meeting with Time, Inc., to influence coverage of 1983 Surgeon General's report, 356
Cline, Martin J., special account 4 consultancy, 329
Cohen, D., work criticized by Theodor Sterling, 297 -298
Colby, Frank, Hirayama study on passive smoking and lung cancer, 415
Coleman, J. M.
Apocalypse Now and Marlboro, 372 -373
Associated Film Promotion audit, 369 -371
Associated Film Promotion termination, 373
product placement in films, 371
Sylvester Stallone settlement, 367
Comer, A. K.
electroencephalogram, effect of smoking, 86 -87
smoker compensation, 88
Comroe, Julius, H., Jr., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 37
Cosentino, Anthony
opposed California Proposition 5, 423 -424
special account 4 consultancy, 329
Courtney, J. R., smoker compensation, 88
Cox, Gertrude, special account 4 consultancy, 329
Craighead, John E., member TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board, 37
Croninger, A., 33
Crume, J. G., conducting "safe" cigarette research to avoid provoking significant public reaction, 125
Cullen, Joseph W., smokeless tobacco, 313 -314
Cumming, G., 378
Cummins, B. D., opposition to Clean Indoor Air Legislation, 428
Cutchins, William S.
Fate of Nicotine in the Body,68
Hippo, Project, 68
Surgeon General's Advisory Committee, withholding research, 71
D
Dahl, Sir Richard, 378
Dale, Lamar, independent consultant on pesticides, 210
Davis, Layton, Kentucky Tobacco and Health Research Institute director, 315 -316
Deines, W. H., Smoking Behavior/Marketing Conference in Montreal (1983) attendee, 282
DeNoble, Victor, cardiovascular effects of nicotine, 100
DiNardi, CTR special project, 329
Dobson, Richard P.
sharing information between B&W and BAT, 272
short-term biological test, 151
Dobson, Richard P., short-term biological test, 152
Domantay, N. V.
Apocalypse Now and Marlboro, 372 -373
Associated Film Promotion audit, 365 , 369 -371
Associated Film Promotion termination, 373
Snow White controversy, 363 -364
Dontenwill, W., smoke inhalation produced cancer, 248 -249
Dunlap, Charles, special account 4 consultancy, 329
Dunlap, Katherine D., role in opposing California Proposition 5 , 421
Dunlop, Sir Derrick, 273
Dunn, P. J.
brand imagery to help smokers rationalize their decision, 375
nicotine patch as natural extension of cigarette business, 105
E
Edens, J. E.
Council for Tobacco Research as public relations effort, 44
health benefits of smokeless tobacco, inapporpriate statements by US Tobacco, 274 -275
Edminster, T. W., Penar, 206
Ellis, Sir Charles
Ariel, 74
Avalon filter, 72 -73
Batelle research distributed, 70
cancer, research to reduce risks of, 113
carcinogenicity of cigarettes, 152
dangerous substances in cigarette smoke, removing, 117
Fate of Nicotine in the Body,68
health-image versus health-oriented cigarettes, 128 -130
health-oriented research, rationale, 114
Hippo report, 68
mouse skin painting at Harrogate laboratory, capacity, 115 -119
nicotine, beneficial effects, 71
nicotine, cardiovascular toxicity, 97 -98
phenols, filters for, 120 -121
"safe" cigarette, original optimism, 168 -169
short-term biological tests, need for, 151
Southampton Research Conference (1962) presentation, 60 -61
Surgeon General's Advisory Committee, withholding information, 72 -73
"Tentative Hypothesis on Nicotine Addiction," 68 -70
toxicity of cigarettes, research to reduce, 111 -112
Epstein, Samuel S., 352
Ernst, R. C., 30
Esterle, J. G.
advertisements, 194
Biological Testing Committee meeting (1977) attendee, 282
cocoa, 220
coumarin substitutes, 222 -223
diethylene glycol, 224 -225
discovery, avoiding, 242 -243
Duck Key Research Conference (1974) attendee, 279
Hilton Head Research Conference (1968) attendee, 279
menthol, National Cancer Institute bioassay, 227
Southampton Research Conference (1962) attendee, 279
Sydney Research Conference (1978) attendee, 279
testing biological activity of cigarette additives, 228
Evans, Frederick J., special account 4 research project, 329
Evelyn, Sam R.
coumarin, 223
extractable nicotine, 78
Eysenck, H. J.
book tour public relations a plus for tobacco industry, 353 -354
causes of cancer, 116
CTR special project, 330
special account 4 consultancy, 329
special account 4 research project, 329
F
Fairweather, Frank, 273
Farris, Jack Matthews, special account 4 consultancy, 330
Feinhandler, Sherwin J., special account 4 consultancy, 330
Feinstein, Alvan R., CTR special project, 330
Feldman, Joseph D., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 37
Finch, E. P.
benzo(a)pyrene, 126 -127
Chemosol
--exclusive license, 212
--industry-wide effort, 213 , 216
commercial and political motive for scientific research, 108
controversy about health effects of smoking, 43
Fate of Nicotine in the Body,68
MH-30, 206
Penar, 206
public statements denying that smoking causes disease, 171 -173
R. J. Reynolds Project B, 195 -197
"safe" cigarette to avoid government intervention, 125
sharing information between B&W and BAT on smoking and health, 272
short-term toxicity testing of cigarettes, 152
Surgeon General's 1964 report, reaction, 50
tobacco substitutes, 163
Tobacco Institute Communications Committee, 193 -194
Finley, Theodor
CTR special project, 330
special account 4 consultancy, 330
Finnegan, Tim
glycoproteins, 397
INFOTAB, 198
Kentucky Tobacco and Health Research Institute, investigating grant applicant, 315
passive smoking and lung cancer (Hirayama study), 415 -416
Rothschild, Henry, 291 -293
Smokeless Tobacco Council, 312
First, Melvin, special account 4 research project, 330
Fisher, Edwin R.
criticizing evidence that passive smoking is dangerous, 430
special account 4 consultancy, 330
Fisher, H. Russell
protested AMA consideration of restrictions on smokeless tobacco advertising, 312 -313
special account 4, 312 -313
special account 4 consultancy, 330
Fisher, Sir Ronald A.
constitutional hypothesis, 350 -351
Tobacco Manufacturers' Standing Committee consultant, 186
Flournoy, Houston I., role in No-on-5 campaign, 421
Foote, Emerson, 177 -178
Fordyce, Dr., difficulties with inhalation tests, 134
Frank, Stanley, 179 -180
Freedman, A.
criticism of White and Froeb study, 429
special account 5, 329
Freedman, B. H., Snow White controversy, 364
Friberg, Lars
CTR special project, 331
Friedman, Gary
cardiovascular disease, 323
examination of his data as special account 4 research project, 335
research, negative development for industry, 352
Froeb, Herman F.
research, negative development for industry, 352
secondhand smoke and lung function, 428 -429
Furst, Arthur
CTR special project, 331
special account 4 consultancy, 331
special account 4 research project, 331
G
Gardner, William U.
Microbiological Associates study of tobacco smoke carcinogenicity, 302
TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board, 37
Garfinkel, Lawrence
research, public relations plus for tobacco industry, 353
used to attack evidence linking passive smoking to lung cancer, 351 , 385 , 414
Gassman, Vitorrio, 368
Gibbons, Jean, special account 4 consultancy, 331
Glantz, Frieda K., xix
Glantz, Stanton A.
Brown and Williamson documents
—placed in UCSF library, 9
Brown and Williamson response to papers in Journal of the American Medical Association,443
economic impact of smoking restrictions, 426 -427
movies, smoking in, 370
Proposition 5, 423
Glicksman, Arvin, CTR special project, 337
Gordon, David
low-delivery cigarettes to provide personal reassurance, 245
sidestream smoke visibility, reduction, 245
Gori, Gio
consultant to tobacco industry, 162
manufacturing techniques to make cigarettes less hazardous, 160
nicotine addiction, 102
"safe" cigarette
—scientific basis, 157
—speech, 159
Tobacco Working Group
—chairman, 155
—press releases, 158
use of work by tobacco industry, 161 , 353 -354
Gorlin, Richard, other special project, 331
Gould, Donald, 377
Green, S. J.
biological activity of cigarettes, reducing, 136
causal relationship, 441 -442
consulted with B&W scientists on minutes of research conference, 278
glycoproteins, 396 -397
health-image versus health-oriented cigarettes, 128 -130
nicotine
—cardiovascular effects, 82
—key role of, 103
nitrosamines, 399
Penar, 204 -205
scientific proof, 436
sidestream smoke, irritation, 395
smoker compensation, 16
smoking and disease, 19
Greenberg, Bernard, CTR special project, 332
Greene, Judge Harold, 1 , 8 , 13 -14, 239
Greer, Joe, Proposition 5 , 420
Grefe, Ed, Proposition 5 , 420
Greig, Colin, physiological consequences of smoking, 92
Griffith, R. B.
Avalon filter, 71
Biological Testing Committee member, 282
burned materials behave differently than eaten materials, 201
carcinogenicity of cigarette smoke, 18
carcinogenicity of tobacco tar, 123
Chemosol, 213
health-image versus health-oriented cigarettes, 128 -130
Hilton Head Research Conference (1968) attendee, 279
Janus Project, B&W contribution materials for, 144
Kronberg Research Conference (1969) attendee, 279
MH-30, 206
Montreal Research Conference (1967) attendee, 279
mouse skin-painting studies done by TIRC, 123
Penar, 206
pesticide versus cigarettes, safety considerations, 207
potassium carbonate, effects on benzo(a)pyrene delivery, 127 -128
"safe" cigarette to avoid government intervention, 125 -126
Southampton Research Conference (1962) attendee, 279
Sucker Control Committee, 203
tests combustion products of residues, 228
visits to BAT research facilities, 278
Gruhn, John G., CTR special project, 331
Gustein, William, CTR special project, 331
H
Hahn, Paul M., Tobacco Industry Research Committee, role in formation, 33
Haines v Liggett Group, Inc.,326 -327
Halberstam, Michael, criticism of White and Froeb study, 429
Hanauer, Peter, early California tobacco control activist, 416
Hardy, David R.
cost- and risk-pooling agreements between B&W and BAT, 284
Kronberg Research Conference, concerns, 132
scientists, concerns about statements, 268 -271
Sterling, Theodore, idea to set up panel to influence government committees, 323 -325
Hargrove, G. C.
sharing information between B&W and BAT on smoking and health, 272
tobacco substitutes, 163
Hart, Senator Gary, tax on cigarettes based on nicotine content, 258 -259
Hatch, Senator Orrin, 356 -357
Hawkins, K., 384
Hazan, Anna, tobacco use in films, 370
Heard, Alan
consulted B&W regarding BAT research conference, 278
cost- and risk-sharing agreements for R&D, 284
sidestream smoke testing, 245
smoker compensation, legal and political dimensions, 88
Hecht, Frederick, CTR special project, 331
Hegod, C., 384
Heimstra, Norman, special account 4 consultancy, 331
Henning, John F., No-on-5 campaign, 421
Henningfield, Jack, nicotine bioavailability, 91
Hickey, Richard
CTR special project, 331
Shook, Hardy, and Bacon consultancy, 331
special account 4 consultancy, 331
Hilado, Carlos, special account 4 consultancy, 331
Hirayama, Takashi
Finnegan, Tim, 415 -416
industry response to lung cancer study, 400 , 413 -416
public relations problem for industry, 352 -353, 384
Sterling, Theodor, criticized passive smoking-lung cancer link, 299
Hockett, Robert C.
mouse skin painting, criticism, 302
Hoel, Donald K.
Aviado, Domingo, 320
CTR special project to Carl Seltzer, 293 -294
Public Smoking Advisory Group, 394
Response Analysis Corporation study of ETS, involvement in design, 311 -312
Hoffman, Dietrich, selective filtration, 120 -121
Hopkins, Congressman Larry, fire-safe cigarettes, 316
Horsewell, H. G., nicotine-delivery research, 79
Howley, Peter M., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 37
Hoyt, William T.
Hill and Knowlton and TIRC, 40
TIRC Scientific Advisory Board, withholding information from, 71 -73
Huber, Gary
American Thoracic Society/American Lung Association meeting presentation, 319 -320
Harvard colleagues view him as allied with industry, 320
Kentucky Tobacco and Health Research Institute
—director, 315
—industry lawyers investigated applicant, 315
passive smoking, 394
public relations value to industry, 353 -354
Shook, Hardy, and Bacon consultancy, 331
White and Froeb study, criticism, 429
Hudson, Perry, Chemosol, mouse skin-painting tests, 212 -213
Huebner, Robert J., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 37
Hughes, I. W.
additives, testing procedures, 232
annual pesticide meeting, 208 -209
CTR special project to Carl Seltzer, 295
Gori, Gio
—commenting on draft press releases, 157
—report on less hazardous cigarettes, 160 -161
media, pitfalls of trying to influence, 356 -358
Medical Communications Program, 360 -362
public relations, 1981 developments, 352 -354
smoking and health research at Imperial Tobacco, 272 -273
Snow White controversy, 363 -364
tobacco expanded with G-13 process, 217
Tobacco Working Group, 156 -158
Humber, Tom
CTR special project to Carl Seltzer, 295
media, pitfalls of trying to influence, 356 -358
product placement in films, supported, 371
Husting, E. L., CTR special project, 331
Hutcheon, Duncan
criticizing evidence that passive smoking is dangerous, 430
CTR special project, 332
I
Irwin, W. D. E., sidestream smoke, 405 -406
J
Jacob, Ed
filters, congressional inquiry into, 55
Microbiological Associates, 303
special account, 4, 306
Surgeon General's 1964 report, predicted contents, 71
True magazine article, 180
Jacobson, Leon O., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 38
Janis, Joseph, CTR special project, 332
Jarvik, Murray, nicotine-blocking agents, 99
Jenson, A. Bennett, CTR special project, 332
Johnson, Anne
BAT's stance toward smoking and health, 339 -342
liability differences between Britain and US, 340
responsibility to ensure people are aware of facts relating to cigarettes, 339 -340
Johnson, James, congressional testimony, 173
Johnson, Robert J., nicotine research, 78 -80
Johnson, Robert R.
"safe" cigarette research, 126
visit to BAT scientific facilities, 278
Judge, Curt H.
advertisers, claimed rotational warning legislation would cost revenues, 358
Time, Inc., high-level meetings, 356
Justus, David, applicant to Kentucky Tobacco and Health Research Institute, 315
K
Karnovsky, Manfred L., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 38
Kastenbaum, M., Hirayama study on passive smoking and lung cancer, 415
Keeney, Douglas, started CA Blockers, 147
Kellagher, J. A. B., carbon monoxide, 167 -168
Kellett, D. Neville, studies of nicotine effects on squirrel monkeys, 85 -86
Kelly, Jack, Proposition 5, 418 , 421
Kennedy, J. E., effects of nicotine on electroencephalogram, 86
Kennedy, Senator Edward
anticipated reaction to CTR tests demonstrating tobacco smoke caused cancer, 288
legislation on deterring children from smoking, negative development for industry, 353
tax cigarette based on nicotine content, 258 -259
Keogh, Dr., 198
Kerrigan, Michael, president of Smokeless Tobacco Council, 313
Kessler, David, congressional testimony, 94
Kintner, Earl W., FTC chairman, 28
Kitchen, C. Harcourt, You MaySmoke author, 174 -175
Klein, Lloyd, other special project, 331
Knoebel, Suzanne
criticizing evidence that passive smoking is dangerous, 430
CTR special project, 332
special account 4 consultancy, 332
Knox, Wayne, brand-switching model, 375 -376
Kohnhorst, Earl E.
additives, testing procedures, 232
annual pesticide residue meetings, 208 -209
BAT research agenda, commented, 278 -279
carbon monoxide, 167 -168
Chairman's Advisory Conference meeting attendee, 281
cocoa, 220
coumarin, 222 -223
coumarin substitutes, 222 -223
deadwood documents, 235 , 246 -247
diethylene glycol, 225
public relations policy, 344 -345
Rio de Janeiro Research Conference (1983) attendee, 279
Southampton Research Conference (1984) attendee, 279
Wallingford Research Conference (1985) attendee, 279
Kornegay, Horace
Addiction Research Foundation, 304 -305
additives, disclosure, 229 -231
Hirayama study on passive smoking and lung cancer, 415
media, efforts to influence high-level people, 356
Tobacco Working Group, 157 -158
Kotin, Paul
TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 38
tobacco carcinogenicity, 128
Kovoloff, Robert
president, Associated Film Promotion, 370
product placement in movies as way to get around broadcast ad ban, 368 -369
rather not say what $4,000 payment was for, 388
termination, Associated Film Promotion agreement, 373
Kupper, Lawrence, CTR special project, 332
L
La Via, Mariano, CTR special project, 332
Langford, E. G., concern about attribution of BAT statements in US litigation, 271
Langston, Hiram
congressional testimony for tobacco industry, 43
criticizing evidence that passive smoking is dangerous, 430
special account 4 consultancy, 333
Lee, Peter
biological activity of sidestream smoke, 402
Hirayama analysis of passive smoking and lung cancer, agreement with, 415
Lehrer, Samuel, CTR special project, 335
Lenfant, Claude, 429
Lieberman, G. J., special account 4 consultancy, 333
Liebow, Averill A., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 38
Liebowitz, Michael, criticism of White and Froeb study, 430
Lincoln, Carol, deadwood documents, 246 -247
Lipton, Helene, smoking in movies, 370
Little, Clarence Cook
TIRC scientific director, 42
TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 38
Liu, Barbara, 428 -429
Loosli, Clayton G., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 38
Luken, Congressman Thomas A., legislation against product placement of cigarettes in film, 368
Lundman, Dr., 350 -351
Lynch, Cornelius, less hazardous cigarette projects at National Cancer Institute, 160
Lynch, Henry T., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 38
Lynch, Kenneth M., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 38
M
Macdonald, Eleanor, CTR special project, 333
Magneson, Senator Warren (D-WA), exposing True magazine article, 179
Mancuso, Thomas F., CTR special project, 333
Mantel, Nathan, hired by Tobacco Institute to discredit Hirayama's study, 413 -416
Mazursky, Paul, product placement, 368
McAlevey, T. P., Sylvester Stallone settlement, 367
McCarty, C. I.
Council for Tobacco Research, importance of, 44 -45
health benefits of smokeless tobacco, inappropriate statements by US Tobacco, 274 -275
public relations developments in 1981, 352 -354
tobacco industry economic muscle to prevent other companies from taking anti-smoking positions, 355
McCormick, Anthony D.
attribution problems, 271
Battelle research on nicotine, 70
public relations problems associated with less toxic cigarette, 118 -119
scientists, keeping track of, 197 -198
sharing scientific information on smoking and health between B&W and BAT, concerns, 272
Surgeon General's Advisory Committee, withholding information, 72 , 70 -73
McDonald, Dr., lung cancer, 352
McDowdell, James, California Proposition 5 , 420
McGraw, Mick, BAT purchase of nicotine patch company, objections, 105
McNeil, Robert, 295
Meier, Hans, TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 38
Mellman, Andy, Smoking Behavior/Marketing Conference in Montreal (1981) attendee, 282
Mello, Nancy, special account 4 research project, 333
Mendelson, Jack, special account 4 research project, 333
Micozzi, Marc, special account 4 consultancy, 333
Moakley, Congressman Joseph, fire-safe cigarettes, 252 , 316
Monzingo, L. J., smoking in the workplace, 250 -251
Moore, Leon, Penar, 206 -207
Morgan, Charles, "Up from the Bomb Shelter," 259 -263
Morini, H. A.
Gio Gori's speech on "safe" cigarette, 159
rewriting scientific documents, 346 -352
Rio, Project, 266
Moser, Kenneth M.
CTR special project, 333
special account 4 consultancy, 333
Muije, Corny, advertising designed to counter anti-smoking forces, 189 -193
N
Nelson, Senator Gaylord, pesticide residues in tobacco, 209 -210
Nevill, Thomas, product placement in the Tempest , 369
Niden, Albert H.
opposed California Proposition 5 for tobacco industry, 423 -424
special account 4 consultancy, 333
Northrip, Robert
additives, benefits of in-house testing, 230 -231
CTR special project to Theodor Sterling, 301
Nylander, Lee R., special account 4 consultancy, 333
O
Ogura, Joseph H.
congressional testimony on behalf of tobacco industry, 43
CTR special project, 333
Okun, Ronald, special account 4 consultancy, 333
O'Lane, John, special account 4 consultancy, 333
Olkin, Ingram
CTR special project, 334
special account 4 consultancy, 333
P
Packwood, Senator Robert, 356 -357
Panzer, Fred
additives, tracking National Cancer Institute testing of, 227
H. Russell Fisher's appearance before AMA to protest smokeless tobacco cleared, 313
Parrack, E. T.
product placement in movies to get around ban on television advertising, 368 -369
product placement in the Tempest , 371
Southampton Research Conference (1984) attendee, 279
Pepples, Ernest
advertising, eliminating broadcast, 256
advertising restriction, 258
American Cancer Society, using industry economic muscle to fight, 355
annual pesticide meeting, 208 -209
Associated Film Promotion, dissatisfaction with product placements in films, 372
Aviado, Domingo, 320 -321
broadcast ad ban, 258
cigarettes-and-health controversy, industry response, 32 , 254 -259
cocoa, 220
congress, role of, 256 -257
Consumer Products Safety Commission, 256 -257
corporate diversification, 254
coumarin substitutes, 222 -223
Council for Tobacco Research, 17 ,285
—budget, 286
—importance of, 44 -45
—as public relations activity, 254 -255
—as a public relations effort, 44
—used to avoid smoking pistols, 45
creating controversy, 25 , 255
CTR special project
—to Carl Seltzer, 295
—to Theodor Sterling, 299
diethylene glycol, 224 -225
discovery, procedures for handling scientific material, 241 -246
Federal Aviation Administration, 257
Federal Communications Commission, 256 -257
Federal Trade Commission, 256 -257
filters, as industry response to smoking-and-health controversy, 254
G-13 process, objections to use, 217 -218
Gori speech on "safe" cigarette, 159
health benefits of smokeless tobacco, inappropriate statements by US Tobacco, 274 -275
health effects of smoking, response to concerns, 27
Hirayama paper on passive smoking and lung cancer, 415 -416
Kentucky Tobacco and Health Research Institute researcher checked by industry lawyers, 315
media, efforts to influence management regarding proposed legislation, 356
Medical Communications Program, 360 -362
menthol, National Cancer Institute study of carcinogenicity, 227
Microbiological Associates, 302 -303
nicotine addiction, 344 -345
nonsmokers' rights, 258
passive smoking, 258 , 415 -416
political unpopularity of tobacco industry, 257
products liability, 255 -256
Proposition 5 (California), analysis of, 417 -427
public relations
—developments in 1981, 352 -354
—impact of nicotine, 102 -103
—policy, 343 -345
red light tests, 288
regulation
—desirability of federal versus state or local, 259
—legal challenges, 259 -263
—legitimate role, 258
—problems facing tobacco industry, 247 -249
Smokeless Tobacco Council, 312
smoker compensation, 16
smoking pistols, value of Council of Tobacco Research to avoid, 45
Snow White controversy, 364 , 372
social acceptability of smoking, 258
taxing nicotine content of cigarettes, 258 -259
Tobacco Institute, role, 255
Tobacco Working Group press releases, response, 158
Union Carbide, and diethylene glycol, 224 -225
using smoking-and-health connection for marketing, 259
warning labels, 256
White and Froeb study, efforts to discredit, 430
Perry, Harold, CTR special project, 300 , 337
Peto, Richard, 347 , 350 , 378 , 383
Pierce, Barry G., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 38
Pittman, R. A.
cigarette ads to counter health information, 187 -189
smokeless tobacco, inappropriate statements by US Tobacco regarding health benefits, 274 -275
Platt, Sir Robert, Royal College of Physicians president, 46
Pollak, Judge Stuart, 10
Powell, Judge Lewis, opposing effort by tobacco industry to reply to free anticigarette ads, 262
Pritchard, R. J.
London Research Conference (1979) attendee, 279
Sea Island Research Conference (1980) attendee, 179
Puglia, Charles, CTR special project, 334
R
Rand, M. J., investigation of nicotine, 61
Rao, L. G. S.
constitutional hypothesis, 318
CTR special project, 334
special account 4, 317
special account 4 consultancy, 334
special account 4 research project, 334
testimony at Hatch-Packwood and Waxman hearings, 317
Ratcliffe, Herbert, CTR special project, 334
Read, G. A., product design and constitutents of smoke, 96 -97
Reeves, Rosser
Barron's advertisement, 178
YouMaySmoke , 174
Regna, Peter, CTR special project, 332
Reinhoff, William F, Jr., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 38
Reinmann, Stanley P., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 38
Rennie, Drummond, xviii
Repace, James, E., criticized by Theodor Sterling, 298 -299
Reynolds, M. L., Chewton Glen Research Conference (1979) attendee, 279
Ried, Mr., public relations problems associated with less toxic cigarettes, 118
Riehl, Tilford, Smoking Behavior/Marketing Conference in Montreal (1983) attendee, 282
Rigdon, R. H.
congressional testimony on behalf of tobacco industry, 43
special account 4 consultancy, 334
Riley, Vernon, CTR special project, 334
Ripslinger, James
Associated Film Promotion senior vice president, 370
Associated Film Promotion, termination of agreement, 373
Roberts, Jay, CTR special project, 334
Robertson, Gray, Healthy Buildings International president, 412
Roe, Francis
inhalation in Project Rio, 147
sidestream smoke, biological activity, 402
Roemer, Ruth, 377
Rosdeitcher, Sydney S., avoiding discovery of BAT scientific data in US cases, 267
Rose, Congressman Charlie, 430
Rosene, C. J.
cocoa, 220
coumarin substitutes, 222 -223
diethylene glycol, 224 -225
Rothschild, Henry
compared to Carl Seltzer, 293
CTR special project, 290 , 290 -293, 334
paper criticizing evidence that smoking caused disease, 292
testified at Hatch-Packwood and Waxman hearings, 317 -318
Rowlands, Gena, 368
Rupp, John, fire-safe cigarettes, 252
Russek, Henry
congressional testimony on behalf of tobacco industry, 43
CTR special project, 335
heart disease and stress, 318
Russek, Linda
CTR special project, 335
heart disease and stress, 318
SH&B research project, 335
special account 4 research project, 335
S
Sachs, R. H.
diethylene glycol, 224 -225
fire-safe cigarette, 252 -253
grass-roots lobbying, 251 -252
Union Carbide, diethethelyne glycol, 224 -225
workplace smoking, 250 -251
Salvaggio, John
CTR special project, 335
glycoproteins, CTR special project to investigate, 397
passive smoking, criticizing evidence, 430
Sandefur, Thomas
annual pesticide meeting, 208 -209
cocoa, 220
congressional testimony on nicotine addiction, 6 , 15 , 100 , 105
coumarin, 222
Sanford, Robert A.
additives, testing biological activity, 228
BAT research minutes and agendas, suggestions on, 278
Biological Testing Committee meeting attendee, 282
Chelwood Research Conference (1972) attendee, 279
Chewton Glen Research Conference (1979) attendee, 279
deadwood documents, 246 -247
Duck Key Research Conference (1974) attendee, 279
health-image cigarette, 129 -130
health-oriented cigarette, 130
Hilton Head Research Conference (1968) attendee, 279
inhalation tests, 133
"interest" in different research topics, 166 -167
Kronberg Research Conference (1969) attendee, 279
law department agent, 242
London Research Conference (1979) attendee, 279
Merano Research Conference (1975) attendee, 279
Montebello Research Conference (1982) attendee, 279
Montreal Research Conference (1967) attendee, 279
Penar, 205
Pichlarn Research Conference (1981) attendee, 279
R&D policy conference attendee, 281
Rio de Janeiro Research Conference (1983) attendee, 279
Sea Island Research Conference (1980) attendee, 279
short-term toxicity testing, 152
Southampton Research Conference (1984) attendee, 279
St. Adele Research Conference (1970) attendee, 279
Sydney Research Conference (1978) attendee, 279
Sarandon, Susan, 368
Sarokin, Judge H. Lee, 240
Sato, Gordon H., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 38
Savage, I. Richard, special account 4 consultancy, 335
Schafter, George E., criticism of White and Froeb study, 429
Schechter, David A.
discovery of BAT research in US lawsuits, 267
scientists, avoiding statements that cause products liability problems, 275 -276
Schilling, R., special account 4 consultancy, 335
Schrauzer, Gerhard
congressional testimony on Comprehensive Smoking Prevention Act of 1982, 318
CTR special project, 335
special account 4 consultancy, 335
Schumacher, Joachim, Chemosol, 212
Scott, D. R., Associated Film Promotion audit, 365 , 369
Seltzer, Carl
compared to Henry Rothschild's CTR special projects, 293
CTR special project, 290 , 293 -296, 335
editorial on heart disease viewed as tobacco industry plus, 353 -354
favorable publicity, 317
Framingham study, attacked, 295
Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial, criticized, 295
special account 4 consultancy, 335
special account 4 research project, 335
Senkus, Murray, special account 4 consultancy, 335
Sheen, Martin, 372
Shillingford, Dr. (of Medical Research Council), 97 -98
Shinn, William
Addiction Research Foundation, 304 -305
Aviado, Domingo, 307
Council for Tobacco Research, importance of, 44 -45
CTR special project to Henry Rothschild, 291
CTR special project to Theodor Sterling, 296 -298
glycoproteins, 397
Huber, Gary, 394
Huber's concern that Shinn is perceived as closely allied to industry, 320
Kentucky Tobacco and Health Research Institute, 315 -316
public relations developments in 1981, 352
scientific meetings, desirability of having industry scientists attend, 319 -320
special account 4, 305 -306
Sterling, Theodor, 320
tobacco substitutes, 162 -163
Washington University site visit, 311
Shubik, Philippe, attacks tobacco industry scientists, 157
Sirridge, Patrick M.
Aviado, Domingo, 308 -310
Seltzer, Carl, CTR special projects, 294 -295
Sterling, Theodore
—CTR special projects, 298 -300
—recommends funding, 410 -411
Solmon, Lewis, Shook, Hardy, and Bacon research project, 336
Sommers, Sheldon C.
denying that smoking causes disease, 20
TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 39
Spackman, Darrel, CTR special project, 334
Spears, Alexander W.
Gori, Gio, draft NIH press releases submitted for comment, 157
International Association of Fire Chiefs, 252
self-extinguishing cigarettes, 252 , 316
Tobacco Working Group press releases, 159
Spielberger, Charles, special account 4 research project, 336
Stallone, Sylvester
$500,000 fee for smoking, 365 -367
product placement agreement, 371 , 387
settlement with B&W, 367 , 373
Stedman, R. L.
glycoproteins in tobacco smoke, 396 -397
special account 4 consultancy, 336
Stein, Arthur, special account 4 consultancy, 336
Sterling, Elia, CTR special project, 301
Sterling, Theodor D.
advisory panel to influence government publications, 323 -324
ASHRAE presentation, 298 -300
BOCA presentation, 300
California Energy Commission presentation, 300
Congress
—prepared materials for, 299
—testified before on behalf of industry, 43 , 297
criticism of articles implicating smoking and disease, 297 -298
criticism of evidence passive smoking causes disease, 297
CTR special project, 290 , 296 -301, 336 -337
environmental tobacco smoke, 296 -301
funding recommended by Patrick Sirridge, 410 -411
Geneva symposium on environmental tobacco smoke, 300
Hirayama, criticism of work linking passive smoking and lung cancer, 299
performance monitored by tobacco industry research analysts, 320
public relations, letter to the editor viewed as plus, 353 -354
Repace, James, criticism of work, 298 -299
scientific meeting quietly funded by tobacco industry, 321
sick building syndrome, 410 -411
special account 4 consultancy, 336
special account 4 funding, 299 -300
special account 4 research project, 336
warning labels, 300
Stevens, Arthur
advertisers, threats that anti-smoking legislation will cost advertisers money, 358
California Proposition 5, 420
Microbiological Associates contract, 302
Stungis, J. E., Medical Communications Program (MCP), 360 -362
Sullum, Jacob
Forbes Media Critic article attacking EPA, 181
Philip Morris ad attacking EPA, 183
R. J. Reynolds ad attacking EPA, 182
Reason article attacking EPA, 181
received funds from R. J. Reynolds, 181
Swaab, Jack S., Proposition 5 battle plan for tobacco industry, 426 -427
T
Tarrance, Lance
tobacco industry pollster in California Proposition 5 campaign, 421
See also Tarrance & Associates (Subject Index)
Taylor, Peter, 347
Teague, C. H., organized labor opposition to California Proposition 5 , 419
Tempko, Stanley
additives, disclosure of, 229 -231
freon, 218
grass-roots lobbying, 251
workplace smoking, 250 -251
Terry, Luther L., supported California Proposition 5 , 423
Thornton, R. E.
causation, industry arguments against, 342 -343
electroencephalogram, effects of smoking on, 86 -87
nicotine, destruction during smoking, 79
Todd, G. F.
smoker compensation, 88
Surgeon General's Advisory Committee, disclosure of research to, 70
Topol, A. J., Chemosol, 213 -216
Trichopolous, D., paper on passive smoking and lung cancer, negative development for industry, 352
Tso, T. C.
Less Hazardous Cigarette Committee, 207
Penar, 206 -207
Tobacco Working Group, 207
Tsokos, Dr., Hirayama study on passive smoking and lung cancer, 415
Tucker, Charles, California Proposition 5, 420
Tucker, I. W., 31
U
Upfield, A., Southampton Research Conference (1962) attendee, 279
V
Valentin, Helmut, special account 4 consultancy, 337
van den Berg, Bea
CTR special project, 335
lung cancer, 352
W
Wade, T. W., Jr.
cooperative research in the US, difficulty of, 122
Fate of Nicotine in the Body,68
inhalation tests, difficulty, 134
short-term toxicity testing, 152
Southampton Research Conference (1962) attendee, 279
Waite, C. L., Addiction Research Foundation, 304 -305
Wakefield, James A., CTR special project, 337
Wattenberg, Lee W., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 39
Waxman, Congressman Henry
legislation, industry response to, 356 -357
Webb, J. W., analysis of expanded tobacco, 218
Wells, J. K. III
additives, disclosure, 229 -231
attribution problem, 265 -266
cost- and risk-pooling agreements for R&D between B&W and BAT, 282
Hirayama, interesting developments, 415 -416
passive smoking and lung cancer, 415 -416
products liability, benefits of in-house versus outside research, 275
Rio, Project, 265 -266
scientific documents
—avoiding discovery, 241 -246
—rewriting, 346 -352
Ship, Project, 265 -266
Smokeless Tobacco Council, 312
White and Froeb study, efforts to discredit, 430
White, James R.
attacked as nonsmokers' rights activist, 430
paper on passive smoking and pulmonary function, negative development for industry, 352
passive smoking, effect on lung functions, 428 -429
Wilkes, E. B., tumor production of smoke from different kinds of tobacco, 145
Willey, G. Lawrence, nicotine administration to squirrel monkeys, 85 -86
Williams, Merrell, 7 -8
Williams, Steven, CTR special project to Carl Seltzer, 294
Wilson, Edwin B., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 39
Wine, Judge Thomas, 8
Wood, D. J.
nicotine
—importance of, 78
—sensory effect, 79
Wyatt, John P., TIRC/CTR Scientific Advisory Board member, 39
Wyatt, Wilson, organized labor opposition to California Proposition 5 , 419
Wyden, Congressman Ron, subpoena, 8 , 13 -14
Wynder, Ernst
filtration, selective, 120 -121
Frank Statement, responded to research by, 33 -34
lung cancer risk greater in smokers, 25
mouse skin-painting study to study cancer, 113
nitrosamines, 143
Reader's Digest,122
"safe" cigarettes, attempts to make, 110
Y
Yeaman, Addison
Ariel patents, 74
Chemosol, 212 -213
Council for Tobacco Research, 285
MH-30, 206
Microbiological Associates, 302 -303
nicotine
—addiction, 15 , 58 , 74 , 101
—benefits of, 73
Penar, 205 -206
phenols
—ciliatoxicity, 121
—legal problems, 121
public statement on smoking and cancer, 18
R. J. Reynolds Project B, 195 -197
response to 1964 Surgeon General's report, 52 -56
"safe" cigarette research to avoid government intervention, 125
sharing information with BAT on smoking and health, concerns regarding, 271 -272
smoking-and-health research at Imperial Tobacco, 272 -273
Surgeon General's Advisory Committee, withholding research, 71 -73
"Tentative Hypothesis on Nicotine Addiction," 70
True magazine article, 180
withholding Battelle research from Surgeon General's Advisory Committee, 71 -73
I
Zeidman, Irving, special account 4
consultancy, 337