S
Sacchetti, Giulio, 37
"Safer sex," 228 , 233 , 246 n36, 327
"Safe sex," 114 , 162 , 224 , 226 -27
Saint Paolo's churchyard, 38
San Francisco:
as pacesetter, 303
San Francisco AIDS Foundation, 224 , 310
San Francisco City Clinic, 289 ;
study by, 288 -89
San Francisco City Office of Lesbian and Gay Health, 311
San Francisco General Hospital AIDS Center, 332
"SANITA" (sanitary service), 38
Sanitarian's method, 105
Sanitary Code, 51 ;
and polio, 56
Sanitary Committee of New York, 91 -92
Sanitary Institute, 108
Sanitary laws and polio, 57
Sanitation:
and tuberculosis, 75
Santayana, George, 147
Sanzio, Alain, 312
Scandinavia, 48
Scaremongering, 118 n41
Schweitzer, Albert, 188 (fig. 14)
Scientific:
conservatism, 198 ;
writing about AIDS, 256 n108
Scientific American , 212
Screening:
in armed forces, 158 ;
of blood, 157 -68;
compulsory, 115 ;
discrimination resulting from, 160 ;
for HIV, 157 -58;
premarital and prenatal, 151
(see also Wasserman test);
in prisons, 246 n36.
See also Blood: tests
Segregation, 133 , 154 , 332 -33
Selective service examinations, 133
Self-extinction, 233
Self Help (Smiles), 101
"Self-inflicted" disease, 164
Semantic imperialism, 192 , 197 , 214
Serum hepatitis, 277 .
See also Hepatitis B
Servicemen in Germany, 209
Sex:
and yellow fever, 74
Sex and Germs (Patton), 21
Sex-education, 137 -38, 151 , 162 .
See also Safer sex; Safe sex; Unsafe sex
Sexual:
continence, 136 ;
germs, 137 ;
intercourse, 137 ;
revolution, 166 ;
transmission of disease, 28 , 109 , 318 -19;
"underworld," 155
Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (Kinsey), 278
Sexuality:
anxiety about, 8 ;
as source of pathology, 190 -92
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), 148 , 198 ;
and clinics, 273 ;
prostitutes and, 209
Shadow on the Land (Parran), 129
Shaftesbury (Lord), 102 -3
Shandera, Wayne, 197
Shanti Project, 303
Shaw, Nancy, 207 , 211 , 215 -16, 233 ;
and Paleo, 209
Shilts, Randy, 213 , 214 , 216 , 217 ;
And the Band Played On , 199
"Shooting galleries," 327
Sigerist, Henry, 14 -17
Sikes, Ralph, 136
Silverman, Mervyn, 227
Silver nitrate, 148
Simon, John (Sir), 100 -104, 106
Sin, 7 ;
as cause of disease, 166 -67;
and cholera, 46 ;
and leprosy, 69 ;
and sexually transmitted diseases, 244 n30;
and venereal diseases, 121 -42, 150 .
See also Intemperance; Moral: turpitude
Sixth Ward, 42
Smiles, Samuel, 101
Smith, W. Eugene:
Leprosy, "A Man of Mercy," 188 (fig. 14)
Smithsonian Institution Travelling Exhibition Service, 172
Smoking, 321
Social:
control, 161 ;
"diseases," 131 ;
intervention and medical knowledge, 15 ;
medicine, 15 -16;
prejudice, 114 ;
programs for AIDS, 10 ;
purity, 106 ;
values of science, 269 ;
stigma, 156
reformers, 139
Social Hygiene Association, 8 , 128
Social Security Act:
amendment to, 320 ;
and disability insurance, 320 ;
Income Program of, 331
Society for the Prevention of Venereal Disease, 110
Socrates, 99
Sodomy law, 157
Sojourner , 217
Solidarity of lesbians with gay men, 258 -59n120
Somaticism, 13
Sontag, Susan:
Illness as Metaphor , 168 n1, 242 n20
Spare Rib , 216 , 227 , 228 , 231 (fig. 9)
Specialism, 21
Special Medical Council of New York, 47 , 74
Sperm, and the immune system, 200 -201
Spinal fluid examination, 50 , 55
Stable-fly, 51 , 54 , 64 n83, 65 n105
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 333
Stanton (Police Commissioner), 134
State health departments, 325
State intervention, 103
State Supreme Court of Maryland, 135
Statistics of HIV infection in the U.S., 255 -56n103
Stephens, Alexander H., 73
Sterile needles for intravenous drug users, 164 , 253 n94, 264 n150, 327
Stevens, Cladd, 287
Stigma : Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (Goffman), 156
Stigmatization:
of AIDS victims, 153 -54;
of high-risk groups, 165 ;
and HIV infection and testing, 158 -61;
and homosexuality, 301
Streptomycin, 319
Strickland, Paula, 207
Studds, Gerry E. (Congressman), 308
Substance abuse, 321 ;
and addiction, 6 , 29 , 80 -81, 209 ;
and illicit drugs, 277 , 321 .
See also Intravenous drug use; Intravenous drug users; names of specific substances
Sulpharsphenamine, 126
Sulphuric acid, 44
Summerskill, Edith, 111
Suppression of prostitution, 136 , 140
Supreme Court, 306
Surgeons, and plague, 88
Surgery, unnecessary, 324
Survey Graphic , 129
Swedish model of disease control, 131
Syphilis, 7 , 20 , 122 , 187 (fig. 13);
as disease of blacks, 125 ;
engraving of treatment of, 173 -74;
history of, 277 ;
nonvenereal, 123 ;
and penicillin, 140 ;
photographic portraits of, 183 (fig. 9);
"Sympathetic victims" of, 210 ;
Tuskegee experiment on, 143 n15;
Wasserman test for, 109 .
See also Treponema pallidum
"Syphilis Control Day," 131