Note on Sources
Two considerations governed the choice of primary material for this project. First, the objective being to investigate trends, attitudes, and policies in İstanbul in their “imperial” context, particular attention was given to documents of the central government, parliamentary proceedings, and the capital’s contemporary daily press. Second, as far as non-Ottoman primary material is concerned, the unbeaten track of German and Austrian consular correspondence was explored, in addition to French, American, and the extremely rich (and equally well exploited) British Public Record Office collections. Each of these collections has proved to have different degrees of usefulness for different periods. For instance, for periods of strict censorship, the Ottoman press loses much of its utility. For the years of World War I, the value of German, Austrian, and American sources increases as British and French consular reports cease.
The following abbreviations have been used in the text:
- AA
- Auswärtiges Amt, Bonn
- ATASE
- Askeri Tarih ve Stratejik Etüt Dairesi (Archives of the Turkish General Chief of Staff, Ankara)
- BBA
- Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (Ottoman Prime Ministry Archives), İstanbul
- BEO
- Bab-ı Âli Evrak Odası
- DH
- Dahiliye (Ministry of the Interior)
- DUIT
- Dosya Usulüne Göre İrade Tasnifi
- FO
- Foreign Office
- HHS
- Haus-, Hof-, und Staatsarchiv, Vienna
- IJMES
- International Journal of Middle East Studies
- İ.Um.
- İdare-i Umumiye
- KMS
- Kalem-i Mahsus
- MAE
- Archives du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Paris. Correspondance politique et commercial, 1908–1918
- MMZC
- Meclis-i Mebusan Zabıt Cerideleri (Proceedings of the Ottoman Parliament, 1908–1918)
- MTV
- Muhaberat-ı Umumiye İdaresi Mütenevvia Kısmı
- PA
- Politisches Archiv
- PRO
- Public Record Office, London
- SYS
- Muhaberat-ı Umumiye Dairesi Siyasi Evrakı
- TCTA
- Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet’e Türkiye Ansiklopedisi (Encyclopedia of Turkey from the Tanzimat to the Republic)
- US
- Records of the U.S. Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1910–1929