S

Sacred landscape, 226 , 228

Saints, cult of the: canonization procedures, 191 ;

Counter-Reformation defense of, 95 -98, 109 -10, 140 ;

and exchanged miracles, 3 , 4 , 28 , 29 ;

humanist attitudes toward, 64 , 96 ;

as models for Protestant piety, 94 -95;

in pilgrimage broadsides, 217 -18;

Protestant attempts to expunge, 61 -69

Samuel (Old Testament figure), 135

Sancta Clara, Abraham à, 225 -26, 229

Sargent, Steven, 3

Sartorius, Johann, 178 -81

Satan. See Devil;

Exorcism

Saturn (Roman god), 69 n53

Scatology, 154 -56, 157

Scherer, Georg, 145

Scheyern, 231

Schmerzenmannsbild , 26

Schnaderbeck, Ambrosius, 202 n90

Schöffau, 38 -39

Scholasticism, 105 , 108 , 117 , 157

Schools, primary vs. seminary, 79 -80

Scribner, Robert, 19 , 65 , 90 n46, 95 n57

Scripture, 134 , 201

Sebastian, Saint (early Christian martyr), 114

Sedes sapientiae , 26

Sermons, 5 , 91 -94, 97 , 108 -10

Shrines: as antidote to Protestantism, 111 , 161 , 192 ;

in antiquity, 21 ;

Bavarian history of, 23 -27;

Counter-Reformation defense of, 108 -10, 165 -71, 214 -15;

European development, 7 , 21 , 22 ;

in Protestant propaganda, 62 -69, 133 -34.

See also names of specific shrines

Sigal, Pierre-André, 3

Simpert, Saint, 25

Sorcery, 140 ;

Protestant polemical charge against counter-reforming clergy, 134 -36, 141 , 152 -53

Sossau, 223

Staphylus, Friedrich, 106 , 141 n31

Sternberg, 44

Stolle, Konrad, 47 n9, 50

Strange births, 148 , 149 , 153 -54

Strasbourg, 154 ;

controversy over Martin Eisengrein's pilgrimage book, 131 , 137 , 138 ;

disputation on miracles, 142 ;

and uncertainties about Reformation there, 146 -47, 158

Straubing, 18 , 71 , 219

Strauss, Gerald, 12

Sumption, Jonathan, 3

Surius, Laurentius, 95 -98, 171

Swedes, as image desecrators, 219