P

Palatine Electorate, 99 -100, 149

Palestine, 203

Pamphlet literature, 63 -64, 66 , 67

Pappus, Johann, 142

Passau, 107 , 195 , 232 ;

Bleeding Host shrine at, 37 -38, 174 , 176 , 177 , 180 , 208 ;

Mariahifbild , 218 -19, 225

Peace of Augsburg (1555), 99 -100

Peasants' Rebellion (England, 1381), 82

Peasants' War (1525), 18 -19, 70 , 142

Penance. See Confession, sacrament of

Pietà , 26

Pilgrimage: books, 1 , 9 -10, 168 -70, 226 -29;

Counter-Reformation changes in, 9 , 11 -12, 164 -68, 192 , 214 -15, 230 -32;

late medieval chroniclers' criticisms of, 44 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 57 , 58 , 61 ;

and literary treatment as pre-Christian worship, 113 , 114 , 195 , 210 ;

medieval development in Bavaria, 7 , 22 -27;

and pilgrims' occupations (Bettbrunn), 193 -94;

Protestant denunciation of, 8 , 60 -64, 66 -67, 68 -69.

See also Legends; Miracles; Shrines; and names of specific destinations

Poor souls, 68 , 120 -23, 126 -27, 136

Possession, demonic. See Exorcism

Prantl, Georg, 193

Prayers, 114 -15;

and connection to shrines, 124 ;

in exorcistic rituals, 127 , 144 , 145 , 146

Printing: and Counter-Reformation pilgrimage books, 168 , 170 , 185 -87, 190 , 192 , 193 n69, 217 -18;

and cultural developments, 6 -7;

of devil books, 143 -44;

and Frankfurt book fair, 132 -33;

of miracle books, 31 , 32 , 33 -36;

and prodigy market, 148 -49

Processions, 90 n44;

Corpus Christi, 80 -91, 107 ;

Counter-Reformation defense of, 117 , 165 -68;

equine, 230 , 231

Prodigies, printed, 147 -50

Protestantism: and appeal of Catholic shrines, 150 , 158 , 159 , 192 , 202 ;

attitudes toward printing, 5 -6;

in Bavaria, 8 , 69 -73, 106 , 110 , 217 , 230 .

See also Calvinism; Lutheranism