1. For this and subsequent information I have relied on LeBlanc, "The Cultural History of Cibola." pp. 2-8.

2. Ibid., p. 8.

1. For this and subsequent information I have relied on LeBlanc, "The Cultural History of Cibola." pp. 2-8.

2. Ibid., p. 8.

3. Hart, "A Brief History," pp. 20-30.

4. Bloom, "Fray Estevan de Perea's Relación ," p. 228.

5. Ibid., pp. 223-229.

6. Ibid., p. 234.

4. Bloom, "Fray Estevan de Perea's Relación ," p. 228.

5. Ibid., pp. 223-229.

6. Ibid., p. 234.

4. Bloom, "Fray Estevan de Perea's Relación ," p. 228.

5. Ibid., pp. 223-229.

6. Ibid., p. 234.

7. Smith, "Seventeenth-Century Spanish Missions," p. 6.

8. Ibid.

7. Smith, "Seventeenth-Century Spanish Missions," p. 6.

8. Ibid.

9. Hodge, Hammond, and Rey, Fray Alonso de Benavides , p. 74.

10. Crampton, The Zunis of Cibola , p. 33.

11. Hart, "A Brief History," p. 23.

12. Scholes, "Documents for the History of the New Mexican Missions," p. 50.

13. Crampton, The Zunis of Cibola , p. 40. The myth tells that on his reconquest expedition, Vargas found a room with two candles burning—the work of the priest who had chosen to live with the Zuñi at the time of the Pueblo Revolt.

14. Ibid., p. 45. Other sources dated the return from the mesa to as late as 1699.

13. Crampton, The Zunis of Cibola , p. 40. The myth tells that on his reconquest expedition, Vargas found a room with two candles burning—the work of the priest who had chosen to live with the Zuñi at the time of the Pueblo Revolt.

14. Ibid., p. 45. Other sources dated the return from the mesa to as late as 1699.

15. Adams, Bishop Tamarón's Visitation , p. 60.

16. Domínguez, The Missions , p. 202.

17. Hodge, Hammond, and Rey, Fray Alonso de Benavides , p. 74.

18. Domínguez, The Missions , p. 197. Caywood, The Restored Mission , p. 10, supported Cushing's claim (1881) that the church was built between 1775 and 1780.

19. Bloom, "Bourke on the Southwest VIII," pp. 114-115.

20. Caywood, The Restored Mission , p. 14.

21. Docher, "The Quaint Indian Pueblo," p. 29.

22. Kessell, The Missions of New Mexico , p. 212.

23. Burials placed the heads toward the east. Leighton and Adair, People of the Middle Place , p. 79.

24. Stevenson, "The Zuñi Indians"; cited in Crampton, The Zunis of Cibola , p. 57.