1. For this section I have depended primarily on two publications by Wilson: Quarai State Monument and "Quarai." Ivey, In the Midst of Loneliness , was also a rich source of detailed information.

2. Lummis, The Land of Poco Tiempo , p. 225.

3. Wilson, Quarai State Monument , unpaginated.

4. Alternate spellings include Quarra, Cuara, and Querac.

5. Ivey, In the Midst of Loneliness , p. 111. Ivey credited the design and construction to Gutiérrez de la Chica.

6. Senter, "The Work on the Old Quarai Mission," stated that the walls "originally stood as high as sixty feet" (p. 170).

7. Ibid. "Only the twenty workmen laboring on the church this summer can adequately appreciate the effort involved in the building of this imposing edifice."

6. Senter, "The Work on the Old Quarai Mission," stated that the walls "originally stood as high as sixty feet" (p. 170).

7. Ibid. "Only the twenty workmen laboring on the church this summer can adequately appreciate the effort involved in the building of this imposing edifice."

8. No date or source given. Wilson, Quarai State Monument , unpaginated.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

8. No date or source given. Wilson, Quarai State Monument , unpaginated.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

8. No date or source given. Wilson, Quarai State Monument , unpaginated.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

11. Ivey, In the Midst of Loneliness , p. 129.

12. Ibid., p. 144.

13. Ibid., pp. 243-247.

14. Ibid., p. 329.

11. Ivey, In the Midst of Loneliness , p. 129.

12. Ibid., p. 144.

13. Ibid., pp. 243-247.

14. Ibid., p. 329.

11. Ivey, In the Midst of Loneliness , p. 129.

12. Ibid., p. 144.

13. Ibid., pp. 243-247.

14. Ibid., p. 329.

11. Ivey, In the Midst of Loneliness , p. 129.

12. Ibid., p. 144.

13. Ibid., pp. 243-247.

14. Ibid., p. 329.

15. Carleton, "Diary of an Excursion," p. 302.

16. Senter, "The Work on the Old Quarai Mission": "The sturdy walls averaging four and a half feet thick are as much as ten feet in width at the base" (p. 170).