1. Nordby, "The Prehistory," p. 7.

2. Ibid., pp. 10-11.

1. Nordby, "The Prehistory," p. 7.

2. Ibid., pp. 10-11.

3. Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown , pp. 54-55.

4. Winship, Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology , p. 523; cited in ibid., p. 136.

5. Bezy, "The Geology of Pecos," p. 25. Domínguez also commented on the Pecos water sources: "Along the small plain between the sierra and the pueblo a very good river of good water and many delicious trout runs from north to south, but the water is not taken for use in the pueblo because it is about half a league away and there is very great danger from the Comanches. Therefore they have opened some wells of reasonably good water below the rock, and that is used for drinking and other purposes." Domínguez, The Missions , p. 213.

6. Hewett and Fisher, Mission Monuments , p. 141.

7. The untangling of the succession of church building at Pecos is relatively recent and credited to National Park Service archaeologist Jean Pinckley, who died in 1969. Her findings have been reported by Hayes, The Four Churches . Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown , provided an exhaustive chronicle of the pueblo's history.

8. Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown , p. 84; Kessell, The Missions of New Mexico , p. 230, n. 2.

9. Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown , p. 104.

10. Ibid., p. 122.

11. Ibid., p. 123.

9. Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown , p. 104.

10. Ibid., p. 122.

11. Ibid., p. 123.

9. Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown , p. 104.

10. Ibid., p. 122.

11. Ibid., p. 123.

12. Hayes, The Four Churches , p. 3. Benavides wrote, "Another four leagues in the same northerly direction one finds the pueblo of Peccos [ sic ], which has more than two thousand Indians, well built houses three and four stories high, and some even more. . . . It is mountainous country, containing fine timber for construction, hence these Indians apply themselves to the trade of carpentry and they are good craftsmen, since the minister brought them masters of this craft to teach them." Hodge, Hammond, and Rey, Fray Alonso de Benavides , p. 67.

13. Ibid., p. 67.

12. Hayes, The Four Churches , p. 3. Benavides wrote, "Another four leagues in the same northerly direction one finds the pueblo of Peccos [ sic ], which has more than two thousand Indians, well built houses three and four stories high, and some even more. . . . It is mountainous country, containing fine timber for construction, hence these Indians apply themselves to the trade of carpentry and they are good craftsmen, since the minister brought them masters of this craft to teach them." Hodge, Hammond, and Rey, Fray Alonso de Benavides , p. 67.

13. Ibid., p. 67.

14. Hayes, The Four Churches , p. 4.

15. Cited in ibid., p. 4.

16. Cited in ibid., p. 6.

14. Hayes, The Four Churches , p. 4.

15. Cited in ibid., p. 4.

16. Cited in ibid., p. 6.

14. Hayes, The Four Churches , p. 4.

15. Cited in ibid., p. 4.

16. Cited in ibid., p. 6.

17. Simmons, New Mexico , p. 63.

18. Scholes, "Documents for the History of the New Mexican Missions," pp. 47-48.

19. Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown , p. 272.

20. Ibid., pp. 254-255.

19. Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown , p. 272.

20. Ibid., pp. 254-255.

21. Hayes, The Four Churches , p. 9.

22. Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown , p. 272.

23. Audiencia de Guadalajara legajo 141; cited in Hayes, The Four Churches , p. 11.

24. Ibid., p. 13.

23. Audiencia de Guadalajara legajo 141; cited in Hayes, The Four Churches , p. 11.

24. Ibid., p. 13.

25. Kessell, The Missions of New Mexico , p. 224.

26. Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown , p. 272.

27. Adams, Bishop Tamarón's Visitation , pp. 48-49.

28. Domínguez, The Missions , p. 210.

29. Ibid., pp. 209, 212.

28. Domínguez, The Missions , p. 210.

29. Ibid., pp. 209, 212.

30. De Morfi, "Geographical Description," p. 93.

31. Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown , p. 349.

32. Ibid., p. 458.

31. Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown , p. 349.

32. Ibid., p. 458.

33. Prince, Spanish Mission Churches , p. 47.

34. Calvin, Lieutenant Emory Reports , pp. 53-54.

35. Hewett and Fisher, Mission Monuments , p. 141.

36. Cited in Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown , p. 476.

37. Ibid., p. 481.

36. Cited in Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown , p. 476.

37. Ibid., p. 481.