1. Robert O. Blood, "Kinship Interaction and Marital Solidarity," Merill-Palmer Quarterly 15 (1969): 171-82; Gary R. Lee, "Effects of Social Networks on the Family," in Contemporary Theories about the Family, vol. 1, ed. Wesley R. Burr et al. (New York: Free Press, 1979), 27-56; Michael Young and Peter Willmott, Family and Kinship in East London (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1957), ch. 3; and Mirra Komarovsky, Blue-Collar Marriage (New York: Random House, Vintage Books, 1967), ch. 12.

2. Don H. Zimmerman and Candace West, "Sex Boles, Interruptions, and Silences in Conversation," in Language and Sex, ed. Barrie Thorne and Nancy Henley (Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House, 1975), 105-29.

3. Robert O. Blood and Donald M. Wolfe, Husbands and Wives (New York: Free Press, 1960), ch. 2.

4. Ibid., 42-43; Norval Glenn and Sara McLanahan, "Children and Marital Happiness: A Further Specification of the Relationship," Journal of Marriage and the Family 44 (1982): 63-72.

5. See also Claude S. Fischer and Stacey J. Oliker, "A Research Note on Friendship, Gender, and the Life Cycle," Social Forces 62 (1983): 126-30.

6. Philip Slater, "Social Limitations on Libidinal Withdrawal," American Sociological Review 28 (1963): 339-64.

7. Myra Marx Ferree, "Housework: Rethinking the Costs and Benefits," in Families, Politics, and Public Policy, ed. Irene Diamond (New York: Longman, 1983).

8. Blood and Wolfe, Husbands and Wives, 45-43.

9. Robert A. Nisbet, The Quest for Community (New York: Oxford University Press, 1953), 31.

10. Fischer and Oliker, "Friendship, Gender," 131; Edward A. Powers and Gordon Bultena, "Sex Differences in Intimate Friendships of Old Age," Journal of Marriage and the Family 38 (1976): 739-47.

11. Zick Rubin, Liking and Loving (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973).

12. Christopher Lasch, Haven in a Heartless World (New York: Basic Books, 1977), chs. 1, 8.

13. Willard Waller, The Family (New York: Dryden Press, 1938).