1. Robert O. Blood, "Kinship Interaction and Marital Solidarity," Merill-Palmer Quarterly 15 (1969): 171-82; Gary R. Lee, "Effects of Social Networks on the Family," in Contemporary Theories about the Family, vol. 1, ed. Wesley R. Burr et al. (New York: Free Press, 1979), 27-56; Michael Young and Peter Willmott, Family and Kinship in East London (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1957), ch. 3; and Mirra Komarovsky, Blue-Collar Marriage (New York: Random House, Vintage Books, 1967), ch. 12. [BACK]

2. Don H. Zimmerman and Candace West, "Sex Boles, Interruptions, and Silences in Conversation," in Language and Sex, ed. Barrie Thorne and Nancy Henley (Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House, 1975), 105-29. [BACK]

3. Robert O. Blood and Donald M. Wolfe, Husbands and Wives (New York: Free Press, 1960), ch. 2. [BACK]

4. Ibid., 42-43; Norval Glenn and Sara McLanahan, "Children and Marital Happiness: A Further Specification of the Relationship," Journal of Marriage and the Family 44 (1982): 63-72. [BACK]

5. See also Claude S. Fischer and Stacey J. Oliker, "A Research Note on Friendship, Gender, and the Life Cycle," Social Forces 62 (1983): 126-30. [BACK]

6. Philip Slater, "Social Limitations on Libidinal Withdrawal," American Sociological Review 28 (1963): 339-64. [BACK]

7. Myra Marx Ferree, "Housework: Rethinking the Costs and Benefits," in Families, Politics, and Public Policy, ed. Irene Diamond (New York: Longman, 1983). [BACK]

8. Blood and Wolfe, Husbands and Wives, 45-43. [BACK]

9. Robert A. Nisbet, The Quest for Community (New York: Oxford University Press, 1953), 31. [BACK]

10. Fischer and Oliker, "Friendship, Gender," 131; Edward A. Powers and Gordon Bultena, "Sex Differences in Intimate Friendships of Old Age," Journal of Marriage and the Family 38 (1976): 739-47. [BACK]

11. Zick Rubin, Liking and Loving (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973). [BACK]

12. Christopher Lasch, Haven in a Heartless World (New York: Basic Books, 1977), chs. 1, 8. [BACK]

13. Willard Waller, The Family (New York: Dryden Press, 1938). [BACK]