M
Maca Ja(n)ko. See Ja(n)ko ceremonies
Macrostatus levels, 625 -629
borderline clean thar , 82 -83, 96 , 352 , 359 -360, 363 , 728 n. 23, 732 n. 22
ceremonies involving mixed, 666 , 668 -669
clean thar , 78 -82, 391 , 494 -495
concentric circles distribution of, 174 -182
contaminating segments of the, 84 -85, 363 -371
dominant high, 78 -80, 111 -112, 119 , 625 -626
entailments of, 99 -102, 365 , 377
festivals' nonemphasis of, 581 , 583
markers of, 103 -105, 120 , 384 -385, 614
occupational/ritual roles and, 67 , 89 -96, 98 , 389 -390, 395 , 696 -697 n. 15, 728 n. 23
previous descriptions of, 83 , 377 -379, 700 -701 n. 26
Rajopadhyaya Brahman status and the, 372 -374
rites of passage differentiation among, 660 , 663 -665
thar demographics and, 63 , 67 , 96 -99
thar s and, 69 -71, 107 -108, 625 -627
thar s described by other, 77 -85, 132 , 625 -627, 728 n. 27, 758 n. 6-7
twa:s and, 162
twae relations and, 142
vertical divisions of the, 343 -344, 396 , 603
See also Hierarchy; Purity and impurity
Madhya Pradesh, 274 , 290 -291
Madikami thar , 95
Madya:. See Siva (god)
Madya: Jatra festival [14], 214 , 427 -428, 647
Magic, realms of, 608 -609, 610
Maha aparadha (sin), 129
Mahabharata epic, the, 252 , 254 , 421 , 452
See also Chronicle; Mani, Vettam (Names Index )
Mahabhuta (elements of the body), 415
Mahadya:. See Siva (god)
Mahakali (goddess), 155 , 166 -167, 230 , 487 -488, 694 . 1, 748 n. 33
the Nine Durgas and, 232 , 251 , 258 , 508 -510, 568 -571
Seto Bhairava and, 510 -511, 568 -571, 572 -575
See also Camunda[*] (goddess); Goddess, the Dangerous
Mahakali/Mahalaksmi Jatra, Biska: [26], 487 -488, 649
Mahalaksmi[*] (goddess), 155 , 166 -167, 230 -231, 232 , 250 , 251 , 487 -488, 715 n. 25, 748 n. 33
in Kalaratri, 533 -536
the Nine Durgas and, 232 , 564 -569 passim
as Sipha Dya: (Oleander goddess), 232 , 564 -569 passim
See also Laksmi (goddess)
Maha(n) thar , 471 , 472 , 537 , 741 n. 20, 758 n. 4
Mahesvari (goddess), 155 , 166 -167, 230 , 243 , 508 , 748 n. 33
Mahesvari/Brahmani[*] Jatra, Biska: [27], 488 , 649
Mahisasura[*] (Asura king). See Devi Mahatmya
Mahisasuramardini (goddess),
Bhagavati as, 310 , 528 , 534 , 536
Devi as, 242 , 326 , 501 , 505 , 562 , 772
Taleju as, 241
Maithili language, 692 n. 22
Mightili, the, history of, 692 n. 22, 693 n. 24
Makara. See Forbidden substances (makara s)
Malekar thar , 626
Malla, Ananda, 39 , 489 -490, 691 nn. 15-16
Malla, Anandadeva, 489 -490
Malla, Bhupatindra[*] , 47 , 175 , 446
Malla court, 68 , 159 , 216 , 267 , 349 , 356 , 459 , 460
symbolic reconstruction of the, 79 -80, 95 , 469 , 530 -531, 557 , 730 n. 41, 740 n. 14
Taleju as lineage goddess of the, 234 , 239 -240, 542 , 544
See also History, political; King; Royal center of Bhaktapur
Malla, Jaya Prakash, 52
Malla, Jayasthiti, 39 , 41 , 42 -45, 161 , 163 , 238 , 617 , 693 n. 25
Rajalla Devi the wife of, 692 n. 21
Malla Royal center. See Royal center of Bhaktapur
Malla, Yaksa, 45 -46
Bhaktapur as a, 153 -154, 166 -168, 228 -231, 496 , 565 , 571 , 709 nn. 2, 4, 714 n. 16
for household members, 336 , 414 -415
Mandalic[*] Goddesses, the nine, 487 -488, 692 n. 18, 773
god-houses of the, 155 , 204 , 231
the Nine Durgas and, 746 n. 16
pithas of the, 155 , 158 -159, 231 , 260 , 303 , 496 , 525 , 529 -530, 531 , 667 , 694 n. 1, 722 n. 15, 748 n. 33, 773
Taking Outside [22] (Biska:), 483 -484, 487 -488, 649 , 743 nn. 8-40
worship during Mohani, 155 , 229 -230, 266 , 525 -555 passim, 748 n. 33
See also Astamatrkas[*] (Eight Mothers); Names of individual goddesses
Ma(n) ya khwa: swaegu [33], 433 -434, 649 -650
Manas (the mind), 381 -382
Manu. See Laws of Manu
Maps of Bhaktapur, 155 , 160 , 164 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 177 -179, 181 , 184 , 198 , 201 , 221
shrines, 154 -156
thar group location, 165 , 172 , 177 -179, 181
Markandeya Purana[*] scripture, 227
Marked symbolism. See Symbolism, marked
Marriage, 126 -134, 434 -435, 755 n. 4
adoption and, 137 -138, 707 n. 28, 708 n. 35
age of, 114 -115, 127 -128, 705 -706n. 17, 706 nn. 18-19
asymmetrical controls on, 104 -105
barter (hilabula ), 131 , 707 n. 24
betel nuts (gwae(n) ), 671 -676 passim
betrothal, 673
brides and grooms and, 114 , 128 -131, 673 -676 passim
ceremonies (byaha ), 129 -131, 673 -676, 705 n. 14
child, 127 , 666 , 670 , 705 -706 n. 17, 706 n. 18, 764 n. 21
divorce and separation and, 130 -134, 707 n. 26-29
dress, 667
freedom of Newar women within, 112 -113, 120 -125, 131 -132, 291 -292, 455 , 669
gifts, 115 , 126 , 129 -131, 705 n. 16
husband roles m, 112 -120
hypergamy and, 114 , 122 , 130 , 136 -137, 704 nn. 49-50, 707 n. 33, 707 -708 n. 34, 766 n. 48
kinship categories and, 142 -144, 630 -634
post-wedding events of, 675 -676
primary and secondary, 104 , 127 , 134 -135, 666 , 673 , 707 n. 29
remarriage and, 134 -135
Sinba(n) chaekegu , 764 n. 21
Swasthani festival themes on, 425
thar level, 104 -105
weddings and, 705 n. 14
widowhood and, 122 , 132 , 135 , 666 , 669 , 676 , 736 n. 16, 737 n. 21, 766 n. 52
wife roles in, 112 -120, 120 -125, 707
See also Family organization; Ihsi (mock marriage); Kinship
Masan (cremation ground), 264 , 773
See also Dip (cremation ground)
Mask making,
Pu(n) thar , 83 , 94 , 95 , 460 , 546 , 627
See also Nine Durgas cycle, characters in the
Masons thar (Awa:), 81 , 91 , 95 , 96 , 180 , 626
Mata beigu (offering of lights), 529 -548 passim, 749 nn. 37-39
Mata Tirtha, 434
Mataki rice. See Rice
Mata(n) (second floor). See Che(n) (house)
Matangi[*] (Po(n) thar name), 627
Materials, worship. See Worship materials; Names of individual materials
Matha[*] . See Pilgrimage centers, Hindu matha
Matha[*] priests, 87 -88, 97 , 106 , 730 n. 40
Matrkas (goddesses), 229 -231, 266 , 478 , 542 , 715 n.25, 742 n.30
See also Astamatrkas[*] (Eight Mothers)
Matwa:. See Twa : areas
Meaning, intelligible,
boundaries of, 614 -615
discrete categories of, 614
levels of, 609 -613
membership in a domain and, 614
redundancy and filtering, 613 -614
resources for, 609 -615
systematic ordering of, 615
Meat consumption. See Foods
Meditative practices, 303 , 316 -319, 724 n. 28
Mela (pilgrimge gathering), 195 , 418 , 419 , 424 , 426 , 429 , 459 , 484 , 594 -595, 773
number and types of, 403 , 579 , 734 nn. 1, 3, 754 -755 n. 1
See also Pilgrimage centers
Men, ratio of women to, 57 , 694 n. 3
Men, symbolism for, 574 -576
Menses, 705 nn. 11-13
marriage and menarche, 113 , 127 - 128, 265 , 665 , 764 n. 21
menarche ceremonies and, 670 -673, 765 nn. 34-35, 38
purification rituals and, 454 -455, 731 n. 10
status of Newar women and, 123 -125
See also Marriage; Women
Mesocosm, the urban,
definitions of, 2 , 28 , 32 , 337 , 499 -500, 600 -601, 615 -616, 757 n. 2
demography of, 96 -99
escaping the control of, 381 , 731 n. 6
heterogeneous oppositions within, 601 -602
individual autonomy and, 32 , 381 , 392 -397, 562 -563, 575 -576, 731 n. 6
paradox-generating contexts of the, 339 -340, 615
preaxial world of, 22 -23, 619
the purity complex and, 375 -376, 395 -397, 600
the religious and the ordinary within the, 605 -606
resources for intelligibility of, 609 -615
spheres, structures and oppositions within, 601 -609
See also Deties; Pantheon, the Bhaktapur
Metal god images, 268 -269
See also Worship materials
Metalworkers thar (Tamrakar), 81 , 95 , 97 , 626
Mha (the physical body), 381 , 414 , 773
Microcosms,
households as, 69 -70, 110 -112, 335 -336, 559 , 658 -660, 725 n. 45
sub-thar level of, 70
symbolic order of the city and, 145 , 559 , 658 -660
See also Households; Phuki groups; Rites of passage samskaras )
Migration, 57 -58, 350 , 706 n. 22
Mirrors, 672 , 674 , 682 , 769 nn. 77-78
Misa , 707 n. 30
See also Marriage, wife roles in
Misra Brahmans. See Jha Brahmans
Mithila, 238
Mlechlas, 235
Modern world, the,
Bhaktapur compared to, 16
influences of, 15 , 134 , 616 , 727 n. 9
primitive civilizations compared to, 24
Mohani festival [67-76], 326 , 433 , 457 , 655 -656
Astamatrkas[*] shrines visits during, 155 , 167
Bhagavati/Taleju and the, 240 -241
Biska: festival compared wroth, 492 -500 passim, 555 -563
black night (Kalaratri), 533 -538, 561
blood sacrifice during, 186 , 532 -550 passim, 750 nn. 50-57, 751 nn. 58-62, 65 -68, 752 nn. 82-83
divine actors of, 554 , 557 -558
eighth day: Kalaratri, 533 -536
first day, 525 -531
human actors of, 556 -557
interactive vs . parallel features of, 556
Kumari the "living goddess" in, 95 , 363
Mandalic[*] Goddesses worship cycle during, 155 , 229 -230, 266 , 525 -555 passim, 748 n. 33
meanings of the, 523 , 525 , 555 -563, 584 -589 passim
narrative of the, 559 -562, 754 n. 105
ninth day, 537 -547
Paya(n) Nhyakegu, 552 -555, 753 nn. 89, 91
rhetoric for engagement m, 562 -563
rice agricultural cycle and the, 555
second through sixth days, 531
seventh day, 531 -533
spatial emphasis of, 559
as a structural focal sequence, 555 -556
Taleju Brahman actors m the, 351
See also Devi cycle
Moksa[*] (salvation), 215 , 773
Tantrism and, 313 -314, 317 -318, 507
See also Mukti
Mongoloid peoples, 704 n. 55
See also Sae(n) peoples
Monhi See Worship materials
Moon, phases of the. See Fortnights, lunar; Lunar calendar
amoral power and, 323 , 339 , 596 -597, 601 , 602 , 618
of archaic cities, 19
benign margins of the, 429 , 594 -596
chaos and regeneration of, 406 -407
of the interior of Bhaktapur, 215 , 282 , 284 -286, 591 -594
naturalization of the, 605
the purity complex and, 392 -397
Swanti and the, 416 -417
Tantrism and the, 338 -340, 602
transcendence or escape from, 338 -340, 726 n. 50
See also Dharma (moral law); Symbolic order of the city
Mother worship. See Ma(n) ya khwa: swaegu [33]
Mothers,
childbirth and, 116 -117, 125 -126, 660 -661, 705 n. 6
See also Children; Matrkas (goddesses)
Mother's brother. See Paju (mother's brother)
Mothers, Eight. See Astamatrkas[*] (Eight Mothers)
Mount Kailash, 211
Mourning. See Death rituals
Mourning procession. See Saparu Jatra [48]
Mrdaharana ceremony, 764 n. 26
Mrtyum Jaya (god), 214
See also Siva (god)
Mu Patra demon, 459 -460
Mudra ,
hand position, 304
as one of five makaras, 304 , 721 n. 8
Muguthi thar , 95 , 626 , 741 n. 20, 758 n. 4
Mukti , 312 -314, 317 -318, 773
See also Moksa
Muluki Am of 1854, 78 , 88 , 699 nn. 10, 17, 703 n. 46
as the Nepalese national status system, 107
Muna(n)karmi thar , 95
Murder. See Blood sacrifice, killing contrasted to
Murti , 773
Music, 548
bhajana group, 471 , 483 , 771
Ramayana, 451
Saparu Jatra, 445
spring (Basanta), 427
See also Dance performances (pyakha(n) )
Musicians, Gaine, 88 , 702 n. 36
Musicians thar ,
trumpet players (Do(n)), 87 , 95 , 627 , 701 n. 28
See also Jugi thar
Muslims, 274
in Bhaktapur, 88 , 97 , 107 , 702 n. 35
conquest of N. India by the, 618 -619, 704 n. 55
Mustard seed (khau ), 392
Mustard seed pressers. See Sa:mi thar
Mustard-seed oil (cika(n) ), 431 -432
Mysore State, 288 -289