F
Face. See Ijjat (face)
Faith,
blood sacrifice and, 332 -335
marked symbolism and, 27 , 30 , 32
See also Common sense
Family organization,
freedom of Newar women within the, 120 -125
household, 110 -112, 704 nn. 1-2
Indo-European, 20 -21
kinship terminology and, 631 -634, 758 -761 nn. 1-38
rites of passage centrality of the, 658 -659
roles, 112 -120, 134 , 705 n. 3
worship and, 635 -642 passim
See also Children; Kinship; Marriage; Rites of passage (samskara s)
Farmers. See Jyapu thar s
Farming. See Agriculture
Fasting. See Vrata (religious austerity)
Father worship. See Gokarna Au(n)si [51]
Feasts,
food for, 335 , 419 , 422 , 423 , 428 , 434 , 437 , 464 , 534 , 552 , 636 -642 passim, 673 , 750 n. 49, 751 n. 61
nakha cakha , 402 , 422 , 734 n. 2
nakhatya , 117 , 422 , 435 , 464 , 705 n. 7, 734 n. 2
rites of passage, 661 , 662 , 668 , 675
sacrificial (siu ), 328 -331, 539 , 550 , 753
See also Foods, household
Feminal kin. See Tha:thiti (feminal kin)
Festival routes. See Jatra (religious procession)
Festivals and city events, 58 -59, 755 n. 3
agricultural cycle, 422 -423, 436 , 440 , 501 -576 passim, 512 , 560 -561, 590 -591, 645 , 745 n. 8
annual pattern of, 584 -589, 643 -657
anti-structural functions of, 446 , 450 -451, 494 , 590 , 653
anxious, 586 -588
approaches to meanings of, 405 -409, 492 -500, 555 -563, 571 -576, 591 -598, 616
Buddhist, 435 -436
calendrically determined, 401 -409, 555 , 577 -581, 583 , 584 -589, 643 -657
the citizen perspective on, 591 -598
comparative importance of, 407 , 408 -409, 430 -431, 432 -433, 453 -456, 578 , 591 -598
compelling ambiguities of, 487 , 499 , 571 -572, 744 n. 51
densest season of, 440 , 587 , 653
divine actors in, 494 -496, 507 -511, 554 , 557 -558, 566 , 568 -571, 579 -581, 648 , 649 , 656
external cyclical influences on the, 589 -591
focal structural, 408 , 466 -467, 493 -494, 555 -556, 578 , 580 -581, 649 , 735 n. 10
government support of, 441 -442, 459 , 468 , 492 , 740 n. 14, 750 n. 55
human actors in, 494 -495, 556 -557, 581 , 583 , 591 -598
lunar cycle, 410 -411, 585 -586, 589 -590
narrative or thematic cycle, 408 , 410 , 464 , 466 -467, 559 -562, 735 n. 10
number of, 17 , 402 -403, 577 -583 passim, 583 , 589 -590, 688 n. 3, 754 -755 n. 1
numbering system for, 402 -403, 409 , 411 , 577 -578, 643 -657, 734 n. 3, 739 n. 2, 745 n. 6, 754 -755 n. 1
parallel city-wide, 197 -198, 408 , 419 -420, 494 , 539 , 578 -579, 744 n. 58, 751 n. 65
parallel valley, 426
parallel vs . interactive features of, 408 , 494 , 556
public compared with household, 578 -580, 591 -598
ranking and describing, 466 -467, 492 , 578 , 736 n. 10
rhetoric for engagement in, 499 , 562 -563, 571 -575, 579 -580
selection among Hindu, 407 , 525 , 735 n. 9
social units participating in, 578 -580, 591 -598
solar cycle, 463 , 464 -467, 492 -493, 586 , 589
spatial emphases of, 470 , 476 , 496 -497, 559 , 578 -580, 591 -598
Festivals and city events (continued )
twa :-based, 186 , 435 , 436 -437, 445 , 460 , 483 -484, 565 , 569 , 571
uniquely Newar, 411 , 417 , 421 , 444 , 456 -462, 464 , 466 -467
worship and, 635 -642 passim
See also Names of individual events and fortnights: Appendix five
Fighting. See Conflict, ritual
Fishermen thar. See Po(n) thar
Five Pandava Brothers, 435 , 452
See also Mahabharata epic, the
Folk culture, archaic cities and, 18 -19, 615 -620
Foods, household, 190
contamination of, 368 , 380 , 384 -386
pulses (boiled legumes), 100 -101
sharing of, 335 , 394 -395, 661 -662 status differences and, 100 -101, 103 -105
See also Cipa (contaminated food) customs; Cooking activities, sacred
Foods, ritual, 636 -642 passim
Tantric meat and alcohol, 305 , 306 , 325 , 329 -331, 350 , 396 , 565 , 734 n. 30, 753 n. 95
See also Feasts: Offerings, worship
Forbidden substances (makaras ), 304 , 306
Foreign visitors,
isolation of, 617
reports on Newar Nepal by, 699 n. l1
views of Newar women, 131 -132
Fortnights, lunar, 403 -405, 590 -591, 643 -657, 755 n. 13
See also Names of individual fortnights
Fortune. See Chance and luck
Friend,
pasa , 431
ritual (twae ), 142 , 669 , 709 nn. 45-46, 774
Frogs, worship of, 441
Full moon days. See Punhi (full moon)
Funerals. See Death rituals
Furnishings, household, 190