TABLE I
Racial Composition of the South African Population in Thousands (1904–1960)

Year

Whites

Africans

Asians

Coloureds

All non-Whites

Total all races

1904

1117

3491

123

445

4059

5176

1911

1276

4019

152

526

4697

5973

1921

1519

4698

166

546

5409

6929

1936

2004

6597

220

770

7586

9590

1946

2373

7832

285

928

9046

11,418

1951

2643

8535

367

1103

10,005

12,648

1960

3088

10,908

477

1509

12,894

15,982

1966 (est.)

3500

12,500

547

1800

14,847

18,347

(Sources: Official Year Book of the Union, No. 27, 1952–1953, p. 1089; W. H. Hutt, The Economics of the Colour Bar, p. 181; South African Scope, Nov. 1966.)

TABLE II
Racial Groups as Percentage of Total South African Population (1904–1960)

Year

Whites

Africans

Asians

Coloureds

All non-Whites

Total all races

1904

21.6

67.4

2.4

8.6

78.4

100.0

1911

21.4

67.3

2.5

8.8

78.6

100.0

1921

21.9

67.8

2.4

7.9

78.1

100.0

1936

20.9

68.8

2.3

8.0

79.1

100.0

1946

20.8

68.6

2.5

8.1

79.2

100.0

1951

20.9

67.5

2.9

8.7

79.1

100.0

1960

19.4

68.2

3.0

9.4

80.6

100.0

1966 (est.)

19.1

68.1

3.0

9.8

80.9

100.0

(Sources: M. H. Alsop, The Population of Natal, p. 10; Official Year Book of the Union, No. 27, 1952–1953, p. 1089; South African Scope, Nov. 1966.)

Table III
Distribution of South African Population by Province in Thousands (1904–1960)

Year

Cape

Natal

Transvaal

O.F.S.

Total

1904

2410

1009

1270

387

5176

1911

2565

1194

1686

528

5973

1921

2783

1429

2088

629

6929

1936

3530

1946

3341

772

9590

1946

4046

2198

4272

877

11,392

1951

4417

2408

4802

1018

12,646

1960

5357

2958

6281

1386

15,982

(Sources: A. Gordon-Brown, ed., The Year Book and Guide to Southern Africa, 1955, p. 69.)

Table IV
Percentage of South African Population Living in Urban Areas by Race (1921–1951)

Year

Africans

Europeans

Coloureds

Asians

1921

12

56

46

31

1936

17

65

54

66

1946

22

73

58

70

1951

27

78

64

78

1960

32

84

68

83

(Sources: Second Report of the United Nations Commission on the Racial Situation in the Union of South Africa, 1954, p. 47; W. H. Hutt, The Economics of the Colour Bar, p. 181.)

Table V
South African Birth and Death Rates by Race * (1946–1953)

Whites

Coloureds

Asians

Year

Birth Rate

Death Rate

Birth Rate

Death Rate

Birth Rate

Death Rate

1946

26.9

8.7

44.9

20.6

37.2

13.4

1947

27.2

8.6

45.6

20.2

40.0

12.4

1948

26.5

8.9

47.1

21.2

39.0

13.0

1949

25.9

8.8

47.6

22.0

37.0

11.0

1950

25.1

8.7

46.9

20.3

38.1

11.5

1951

25.0

8.8

47.9

19.7

35.5

9.7

1952

25.2

8.2

47.6

18.5

34.8

9.2

1953

25.7

8.8

48.8

18.9

34.2

10.1

* Accurate figures for Africans are not available.

(Source: Official Year Book of the Union, No. 27, 1952–1953, pp. 1124, 1128.)

Table VI
Distribution of African Population (1911, 1951)

1911

1951

Number (000's)

% of Total

Number (000's)

% of Total

Urban Areas

510

12.7

2312

27.1

"Native Reserves"

1768

43.9

3633

42.6

White owned farms

1750

43.4

2590

30.3

Total

4028

100.0

8535

100.0

(Sources: Statistical Year Book of the Union of South Africa, No. 1, 1913, p. 29; Summary of the Report of the Commission for the Socio-Economic Development of the Bantu-Areas within the Union of South Africa, p. 27.)

Table VII
Linguistic Distribution of Bantu-Speaking South Africans (1957 estimates in millions of persons)

Xhosa

2.77

Zulu

2.46

Northern Sotho

1.05

Southern Sotho

1.02

Tswana

0.78

Tsonga

0.45

Swazi

0.33

Ndebele

0.24

Venda

0.16

Others

0.28

Total

9.54

(Source: A. Gordon-Brown, ed., The Year-Book and Guide to Southern Africa, 1962, p. 115.)

Table VIII
Countries of Origin of Foreign Africans Residing in South Africa in Percentage of Total (1957)*

Basutoland

37%

Mozambique

26%

Nyasaland

11%

Southern and Northern Rhodesia

9%

Bechuanaland

8%

Swaziland

6%

Other territories

3%

100%

* These percentages were based on a 1957 estimate that 767,370 "foreign Natives" lived in South Africa. More recent estimates have put these figures at over one million.

(Source: Year-Book and Guide to Southern Africa, 1962, p. 116.)

Table IX Number of White Immigrants and Emigrants to and from South Africa (1948–1958)

Year

Immigrants

Emigrants

Gain or Loss

1948

35,631

7,534

+28,097

1949

14,780

9,206

+ 5,574

1950

12,803

14,644

- 1,841

1951

15,243

15,382

-   139

1952

18,473

9,775

+ 8,698

1953

16,257

10,220

+ 6,037

1954

16,416

11,336

+ 5,080

1955

16,199

12,515

+ 3,684

1956

14,917

12,879

+ 2,038

1957

14,615

10,943

+ 3,672

1958

14,673

8,807

+ 5,866

(Source: State of the Union Year-Book for South Africa, 1959–1960, p. 81.)

TABLE X
South African Election Results: Number of Seats Won by Party (1910–1961)

Year of Election

1910

1915

1920

1921

1924

1929

Total No. of Seats

121

130

134

134

135

148

No. of Seats Won by:

South African Party

66

54

41

77

54

61

Unionist Party

38

40

25

—

—

—

National Party

—

27

43

44

63

77

Labour Party

4

3

21

10

17

8

Independent

13

6

3

1

1

1

(Vacant Seats)

—

—

1

2

—

1

Year of Election

1933

1938

1943

1948

1953

1958

1961

Total No. of Seats

150

153

153

153

159

163

156

No. of Seats Won by:

National Party

75

27

43

70

94

103

105

South African Party

61

—

—

—

—

—

—

United Party

—

111

89

65

57

53

49

Labour Party

4

3

9

6

5

—

—

Roos Party

2

—

—

—

—

—

—

Dominion Party

—

8

7

—

—

—

—

Home Rule Party

2

—

—

—

—

—

—

Socialist Party

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

Natives' Representatives

—

3

3

3

3

3

—

Coloureds' Representatives

—

—

—

—

—

4

—

Independent

6

—

2

—

—

—

—

Afrikaner Party

—

—

—

9

—

—

—

National Union

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Progressive Party

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

(Sources: State of the Union Year-Book for South Africa , 1959–1960, pp. 38–39; The Natal Mercury , Oct. 20, 1961.)

TABLE XI
South African Election Results: Number of Votes Cast by Party (1910–1961)

Year of Election

1910

1915

1920

1921

1924

1929

Number of Registered Voters

—

365,307

421,790

499,531

413,136

461,820

Total No. of Votes Polled

—

261,433

282,361

277,742

319,047

347,924

Total Vote Polled by:

South African Party

—

94,285

90,512

137,389

148,769

159,896

Unionist Party

—

49,917

38,946

—

—

—

National Party

—

75,623

101,227

105,039

111,483

141,579

Labour Party

—

24,755

40,639

29,406

45,380

33,919

Socialist Party

—

140

202

—

—

—

Independent

—

12,383

5,986

3,385

10,610

8,503

(Spoilt Papers)

—

4,330

4,876

—

—

—

(Sources: State of the Union Year-Book for South Africa , 1959–1960, pp. 38–39; The Natal Mercury , Oct. 20, 1961.)

Year of Election

1933

1938

1943

1948

Number of Registered Voters

957,636

1,052,652

1,114,110

1,337,534

Total No. of Votes Polled

323,417

835,378

885,623

1,073,364

Total Votes Polled by:

National Party

101,159

259,543

321,601

401,834

South African Party

71,486

—

—

—

United Party

—

446,032

435,297

524,230

Labour Party

20,276

48,641

38,206

27,360

Afrikaner Party

—

—

15,601

41,885

Dominion Party

—

52,356

29,023

—

Roos Party

27,441

—

—

—

Home Rule Party

12,328

—

—

—

Socialist Party

—

4,963

6,350

—

Independent

87,321

17,362

30,185

—

Others

—

—

—

70,662

(Spoilt Papers)

3,406

6,481

9,360

7,393

Year of Election

1953

1958

1961

Number of Registered Voters

1,385,591

1,530,000

1,823,883

Total No. of Votes Polled

1,218,631

1,156,069

797,645

Total Votes Polled by:

National Party

598,718

642,069

370,431

United Party

576,4741

503,639

286,124

Labour Party

34,730

2,670

—

Liberal Party

—

2,934

2,461

Independent

—

—

10,085

Others

—

4,757

9,173

National Union

—

—

50,329

Progressive Party

—

—

69,042

(Spoilt Papers)

8,709

—

—

TABLE XII Number of Convictions (in Thousands) by Race and Seriousness of Offence (1952)

All races

Whites

Africans

Asians

Coloureds

Non-serious crime

1,095

146

823

24

103

Serious crime

69

11

45

1

11

Total

1,154

157

868

25

114

(Source: Official Year-Book of the Union, No. 27, 1952–1953, p. 445.)

TABLE XIII Sentences Imposed for Serious Crimes, South Africa (1952)

Sentence

Europeans

Africans

Asians & Coloureds

Fined only

4,058

2,164

801

Prison without option

976

20,112

4,977

Prison with option

3,815

12,147

2,751

Suspended sentence

879

1,465

637

Corporal punishment

422

7,893

2,992

Death

2

67

14

Other

421

1,410

443

Total convictions

10,573

45,258

12,615

(Source: Official Year-Book of the Union, No. 27, 1952–1953, pp. 447–448.)

TABLE XIV Religious Affiliation of South African Population by Race (1951)

Religion

Total No. of adherents

White

Coloured

Asian

African

CHRISTIAN-DUTCH REFORMED

N. G. Kerk

1,696,127

42.0

26.4

—

3.5

Hervormde

213,845

7.0

0.9

—

0.3

Gereformeerde

144,384

4.2

2.2

—

0.1

CHRISTIAN-
ENGLISH-SPEAKING SWISS, FRENCH, GERMAN, ETC.

Methodist

1,363,958

8.3

9.2

0.5

12.2

Anglican

1,230,509

15.8

20.8

1.3

6.8

Roman Catholic

784,414

5.3

6.6

2.1

5.4

Lutheran

499,336

1.0

5.2

—

4.9

Presbyterian

276,997

3.8

0.3

—

2.0

Apostolic

268,715

2.9

3.5

0.2

1.8

Congregational

247,452

0.5

10.2

—

1.4

Baptist

113,360

1.0

0.7

0.5

0.9

Other

282,671

3.0

5.5

1.6

1.6

CHRISTIAN-
Native Separatist

1,594,740

—

0.1

—

18.6

JEWISH

108,743

4.1

—

—

—

ASIAN RELIGIONS

Hindu

246,820

—

—

67.2

—

Islamic

146,829

—

5.7

21.5

0.1

Other

2,501

—

—

0.6

—

OTHER BELIEFS

46,755

0.2

0.3

2.0

0.4

NO RELIGION OR "HEATHEN"

3,405,348

0.5

1.4

1.2

39.4

UNSPECIFIED

98,358

0.4

0.9

1.3

0.6

(Source: Muriel Horrell, A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa, 1959–1960, p. 27.)

TABLE XV Summary of South African Educational Statistics by Race (1910–1950)

Year

Population (in thousands)

Total No. in school (in thousands)

% getting post-primary education

Total State Expend. (in £ millions)

Whites

1910

1256

165

10.8

1.6

1920

1500

314

13.4

6.3

1930

1798

371

16.0

8.4

1940

2153

416

21.2

10.7

1950

2620

507

22.0

25.4

Africans

1910

3953

186

—

0.1

1920

4630

185

1.5

0.3

1930

5858

287

1.5

0.6

1940

7116

471

2.6

1.0

1950

8347

767

4.2

5.8

Coloureds & Asians

1920

707

56

—

—

1930

880

100

1.44

0.5

1940

1069

175

3.05

1.0

1950

1353

266

3.66

4.7

(Source: A. Gordon-Brown, ed., The Year-Book and Guide to Southern Africa, 1955, p. 120.)

TABLE XVI Annual State Expenditures for Education in Pounds per Pupil (1940, 1950, 1962)

Race of Pupil

1940

1950

1962

Whites

26.4

50.1

65.0

Asians & Coloureds

5.7

17.4

—

Africans

2.2

7.6

6.4

(Sources: A. Gordon-Brown, ed., The Year-Book and Guide to Southern Africa , 1955, p. 109; Africa Today , 11, March, 1964, p. 1.)

TABLE XVII Number of Students Enrolled at South African Universities by Race (1957)

Whites

Africans

Coloureds

Asians

Cape Town

4,326

29

306

121

Natal

2,309

181

24

350

Orange Free State

1,651

—

—

—

Potchefstroom

1,374

—

—

—

Pretoria

5,858

—

—

—

Rhodes

921

—

—

—

Stellenbosch

3,335

—

—

—

Witwatersrand

4,463

59

20

135

University of South Africa

5,538

1,085

209

565

Fort Hare

—

283

48

47

Total

29,775

1,637

607

1,218

(Source: State of the Union Year-Book for South Africa , 1959–1960, p. 121.)

TABLE XVIII Distribution of Geographic National Income in South Africa (1912–1958)

Item

1912

1918

1928

1938

1946

1949

1958

Per cent of total in:

Farming & Fishing

16.1

21.6

18.2

12.0

12.0

14.2

12.3

Mining

27.5

20.3

18.6

19.5

13.6

10.7

12.9

Manufacturing

6.8

9.6

13.2

17.6

20.1

22.4

24.5

Trade

13.8

15.6

15.7

13.8

15.0

14.5

12.5

Finance

—

—

2.1

3.0

2.4

2.4

3.6

Transportation

7.6

5.7

6.4

6.7

5.4

8.6

8.1

Other

28.3

27.2

25.7

27.3

31.4

27.1

26.1

Total (£ Millions)

130.9

170.9

270.3

373.6

703.8

898.2

1988.1

National Income at 1938 prices (£ Mil.)

163.6

165.9

252.6

382.4

523.5

577.9

n.a.

Per capita Income at 1938 prices (£)

27.2

25.2

31.5

38.9

46.2

48.5

n.a.

(Sources: J. C. Du Plessis, Economic Fluctuations in South Africa , p. 21; and State of the Union Year-Book for South Africa , 1959–1960, p. 306.)

TABLE XIX The Flow of Private Capital into (+) and out of (-) South Africa (1950–1960)

Private capital (net) in £ million

1950

+67

1951

+78

1952

+60

1953

+50

1954

+76

1955

+11

1956

+ 9

1957

-30

1958

+21

1959

-24

1960

-97

(Source: Heinz Hartmann, Enterprise and Politics in South Africa , p. 20.)

TABLE XX South African Imports and Exports in £ Millions (1938–1958)*

Year

Imports

Exports (excluding gold)

Trade Balance (excluding gold)

Gold

Trade Balance (including gold)

1938

95.8

33.7

- 62.1

73.4

+ 11.3

1948

352.8

137.9

-214.9

242.1

+ 27.2

1950

304.1

218.2

- 85.9

121.9

+ 36.0

1951

466.8

288.4

-178.4

152.4

- 26.0

1952

416.9

285.6

-131.3

158.9

+ 27.6

1953

424.3

296.3

-128.0

150.5

+ 22.5

1954

439.0

331.5

-107.5

156.4

+ 49.0

1955

482.2

369.1

-113.1

178.1

+ 65.0

1956

494.9

412.2

- 82.7

193.2

+110.6

1957

549.8

451.7

- 98.1

216.9

+118.8

1958

556.8

390.5

-166.3

221.9

+ 55.6

* Figures include South West Africa and the High Commission Territories.

(Source: State of the Union Year-Book for South Africa , 1959–1960, p. 284.)

TABLE XXI Percentage of Total South African Imports and Exports by Country (1957, 1958)*

Imports

Exports

1957 %

1958 %

1957 %

1958 %

United Kingdom

32.6

33.7

27.7

30.3

United States

19.6

17.5

6.4

7.2

Germany

8.1

10.6

5.1

4.0

Italy

1.9

2.1

4.3

4.2

France

1.8

1.8

3.8

3.0

Netherlands

2.0

2.0

2.9

2.2

Belgium

2.2

1.7

4.6

3.8

Japan

3.2

2.5

2.3

1.4

Sweden

1.9

1.8

0.6

0.6

Commonwealth and Ireland

45.0

45.4

47.8

50.6

Other Foreign Countries

54.9

54.5

52.1

49.4

* Gold is excluded from export figures.

(Source: State of the Union Year-Book for South Africa , 1959–1960, p. 287.)

Table XXII Distribution of South African National Income, Composition of Population, and Ratio in Per Capita Earnings (Africans = 1.0) by Race (1936, 1954, 1960)

Whites

Africans

Asians & Coloureds

Total

1936

1954

1960

1936

1954

1960

1936

1954

1960

1936

1954

1960

% of Nat. Income received by

74.5

74.5

67.0

19.6

19.2

26.5

5.8

6.3

6.5

99.9*

100.0

100.0

% of Total Population constituted by

20.9

20.4

19.3

68.8

67.7

68.4

10.3

11.9

12.4

100.0

100.0

100.1*

Ratio in Per Capita Earnings (Africans =1.0)

12.5

12.7

9.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

2.0

1.9

1.4

—

—

—

* Percentages do not add up to 100 because of rounding errors.

(Sources: Investment in Union of South Africa, p. 8; F. P. Spooner, South African Predicament, p. 173; Report of the Special Committee on the Policies of Apartheid of the Government of the Republic of South Africa, p. 101.)

Table XXIII Comparison of Living Conditions of the Different Population Groups in South Africa (1938–1939, 1953–1954)

Whites

Asians & Coloureds

Africans

Average family income 1938/9

£ 530

£ 134

£ 50.1

Average family income 1953/4

£ 1,616

£ 308

£ 119.2

Rise in living costs over 15 years 1938/9 to 1953/4

108%

108%

152%*

Average family income 1953/4 in 1938/9 pounds

£ 777

£ 148

£ 47.3

Changes in purchasing power of family income over 15 years

+ £ 247

+ £ 14

- £ 2.8

Percentage increase (+) or decrease (-) in living standard

+ 46%

+ 11%

- 6.5%

* The increase in the cost of living is relatively higher for Africans than for other racial groups, largely because of the disproportionate rise in the price of staple African foods.

(Source: F. P. Spooner, South African Predicament, pp. 284–285.)

TABLE XXIV Ratio of White to Non-White Wages in Secondary Industry, South Africa (1915–1953)

Year

Ratio

Year

Ratio

Year

Ratio

1915–16

4.84

1927–28

4.16

1939–45

n.a.

1916–17

4.90

1928–29

4.08

1946–47

3.54

1917–18

4.76

1929–30

4.10

1947–48

3.63

1918–19

4.76

1930–31

n.a.

1948–49

3.71

1919–20

4.84

1931–32

n.a.

1949–50

3.87

1920–21

5.13

1932–33

4.02

1950–51

3.94

1921–22

5.11

1933–34

4.14

1951–52

n.a.

1922–23

4.75

1934–35

4.29

1952–53

4.15

1923–24

4.72

1935–36

4.38

1958–59

4.80

1924–25

4.55

1936–37

4.30

1959–60

4.74

1925–26

4.37

1937–38

n.a.

1960–61

4.71

1926–27

4.29

1938–39

4.36

(Sources: Investment in Union of South Africa , p. 105; J. M. Tinley, The Native Labour Problem of South Africa , pp. 123, 128.)

TABLE XXV Percentage Constituted by Each Racial Group in Total Labour Force of Major South African Industries (1946)

Whites

Coloureds

Asians

Africans

Total

Agriculture

6.9

3.9

0.5

88.6

99.9%*

Mining

4.2

0.4

0.1

95.3

100.0%

Sec. Industry

28.0

14.8

3.1

54.0

99.9%*

Commerce

84.6

2.6

7.6

5.2

100.0%

Pers. Service

4.0

10.7

1.0

84.3

100.0%

Transport

37.6

9.1

1.8

51.5

100.0%

Professions

69.6

5.9

1.2

23.4

100.1%*

All above

16.9

6.4

1.4

75.3

100.0%

* Percentages do not add up to 100 because of rounding errors. (Source: M. H. Alsop, The Population of Natal , p. 128.)

TABLE XXVI Occupational Distribution of South Africans over 15 Years of Age by Race in Percentages (1946)

Whites

Coloureds

Asians

Africans

Agriculture

10.2

17.8

8.6

37.2

Mining

1.2

0.4

0.2

7.4

Sec. Industry

12.1

19.7

14.6

6.7

Commerce

12.7

1.2

12.4

0.2

Personal Service

1.7

14.4

4.9

10.5

Transport

5.2

3.9

2.7

2.0

Professions

7.9

2.0

1.5

0.8

Other

2.6

5.5

6.9

2.0

Dependent and Independent

46.4

35.0

48.1

33.1

Total

100.0%

99.9%*

99.9%*

99.9%*

* Percentages do not add up to 100 because of rounding errors. (Source: M. H. Alsop, The Population of Natal , p. 120.)

TABLE XXVII Percentage of South African Industrial Workers of Each Race in Various Skill Levels (1951)

Skilled

Semi-Skilled

Unskilled

Whites

85

30

1

Africans

5

40

85

Coloureds & Asians

10

30

14

Total

100%

100%

100%

(Source: Summary of the Report of the Commission for the Socio-Economic Development of the Bantu-Areas within the Union of South Africa , p. 36.)

TABLE XXVIII Percentage of South African Manual Workers of Each Racial Group in Various Skill Levels

Whites

1947

1950

1955

1956

Skilled

81.4

82.5

86.1

86.4

Semi-skilled

16.5

15.5

12.7

12.5

Unskilled

2.1

2.0

1.2

1.1

Total

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Africans

1947

1950

1955

1956

Skilled

4.1

4.2

4.6

5.2

Semi-skilled

12.7

12.2

15.4

15.0

Unskilled

83.2

83.6

80.0

79.8

Total

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Coloureds

1947

1950

1955

1956

Skilled

14.5

15.2

18.1

19.2

Semi-skilled

30.7

29.8

30.9

30.1

Unskilled

54.8

55.0

51.0

50.7

Total

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Asians

1947

1950

1955

1956

Skilled

31.9

33.0

37.4

38.6

Semi-skilled

32.2

31.4

30.9

30.2

Unskilled

35.9

35.6

31.7

31.2

Total

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(Sources: Report of the Department of Labour; Muriel Horrell, A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa, 1953, p. 76, and 1957, pp. 176–177.)

TABLE XXIX Distribution of African Pupils by School Grade, 1958

No. of pupils (in thousands)

Percentage of Total

Sub-Standards A & B

609.3

45.2

Standard I

218.2

16.2

Standard II

163.8

12.2

Standard III

128.4

9.5

Standard IV

80.0

5.9

Standard V

59.0

4.4

Standard VI

46.3

3.4

Standard VII

30.0

2.2

Standard VIII

8.8

0.7

Standard IX

1.8

0.1

Standard X

0.9

0.1

1346.5

99.9*

* Percentage does not add up to 100.0 because of rounding errors.

(Source: Report of the Special Committee on the Policies of Apartheid of the Government of the Republic of South Africa, p. 95.)

TABLE XXX Estimates of Expenditure for Defence and Police (£ Million)

1960–61

1961–62

1962–63

1963–64

Defence

21.8

35.8

59.9

78.5

Police

18.1

19.2

20.4

25.4

Total

39.9

55.0

80.3

103.9

(Source: Report of the Special Committee on the Policies of Apartheid of the Government of the Republic of South Africa, p. 120.)