1. Richard M. Dougherty, ''A 'Factory' for Scholarly Journals." Chronicle of Higher Education 38/41 (June 17, 1992): b1-b2; Bert R. Boyce, "Meeting the Serials Cost Problem: A Supply Side Proposal." American Libraries 24/3 (March 1993): 272-273. [BACK]

2. Stevan Harnad, "Post-Gutenberg Galaxy: The Fourth Revolution in the Means of Production of Knowledge." Public Access Computer Systems Review 2/1 (1991): 39-53; Andrew M. Odlyzko, "Tragic Loss or Good Riddance? The Impending Demise of Traditional Scholarly Journals." International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 42/1 (January 1995): 71-122. [BACK]

3. Frank Quinn, "A Role for Libraries in Electronic Publication." Serials Review 21/1 (1995): 27-30. [BACK]

4. Charles A. Schwartz, "Scholarly Communication as a Loosely Structured System: Reassessing Prospects for Structural Reform." College and Research Libraries 55/2 (March 1994): 101-117. [BACK]

5. Anthony W. Cummings, Marcia L. Witte, William G. Bowen, Laura O. Lazarus, and Richard H. Ekman, University Libraries and Scholarly Communication: Study Prepared for The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries for The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, 1992. [BACK]

6. Newsletter on Serials Pricing Issues. Edited by Marcia Tuttle. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1989-1997. Available electronically by subscribing to PRICES from listproc@unc.edu. [BACK]

7. Deana Astle and Charles Hamaker, "Journal Publishing: Pricing and Structural Issues in the 1930s and the 1980s. Advances in Serials Management 2 (1988): 1-36; Charles Hamaker and Deana Astle, "Recent Price Patterns in British Journal Pricing." Library Acquisitions: Practice and Theory 8 (1984): 225-232; Deana Astle and Charles Hamaker, "Pricing by Geography: British Journal Pricing 1986 Including Developments in Other Countries." Library Acquisitions: Practice and Theory 10 (1986): 165-181. [BACK]

8. David Lewis, "Economics of the Scholarly Journal." College and Research Libraries 50/6 (November 1989): 674-688; H. Craig Peterson, "Variations in Journal Prices: A Statistical Analysis." Serials Librarian 17/1&2 (1989): 1-9; Bruce Kingma and Philip Eppard, "Journal Price Escalation and the Market for Information: The Librarians' Solution." College and Research Libraries 53/6 (November 1992): 523-535; Michael A. Stoller, Robert Christopherson, and Michael Miranda, "The Economics of Professional Journal Pricing." College and Research Libraries 57/1 (January 1996): 9-21. [BACK]

9. Henry H. Barshall, "The Cost Effectiveness of Physics Journals." Physics Today 41 (July 1988): 56-59; H. Craig Peterson, "The Economics of Economics Journals: A Statistical Analysis of Pricing Practices by Publishers." College and Research Libraries 53 (March 1992): 176-181; John O. Christensen, "Do We Know What We Are Paying For? A Comparison of Journal Subscription Costs.'' Serials Review 19/2 (Summer 1993): 39-61. [BACK]

10. Edward A. Dyl, "A Note on Price Discrimination by Academic Journals." Library Quarterly 53/2 (1983): 161-169; Patrick Joyce and Thomas E. Merz, "Price Discrimination in Academic Journals." Library Quarterly 55/3 (1985): 273-283; Patrick Joyce, "Price Discrimination in 'Top' Scientific Journals." Applied Economics 22/8 (1990): 1127-1135. [BACK]

11. George A. Chressanthis and June D. Chressanthis, "A General Econometric Model of the Determinants of Library Subscription Prices of Scholarly Journals: The Role of Exchange Rate Risk and Other Factors." Library Quarterly 64/3 (1994): 270-293; George A. Chressanthis and June D. Chressanthis, "The Relationship between Manuscript Submission Fees and Journal Quality." Serials Librarian 24/1 (1993): 71-85. [BACK]

12. Roger Noll and W. Edward Steinmueller, "An Economic Analysis of Scientific Journal Prices: Preliminary Results." Serials Review 18 (Spring/Summer 1992): 32-37. [BACK]

13. George A. Chressanthis and June D. Chressanthis, "The Determinants of Library Subscription Prices of the Top-Ranked Economics Journals: An Econometric Analysis." Journal of Economic Education 25/4 (Fall 1994): 367-382. [BACK]

14. S.J. Liebowitz, "Copying and Indirect Appropriability: Photocopying of Journals." Journal of Political Economy 93/5 (1985): 945-957. [BACK]

15. For a fuller exploration of the issues that prescribe the study reported here, see Richard W. Meyer, "Monopoly Power and Electronic Journals." Library Quarterly 67/4 (October 1997): 325-349. [BACK]

16. Edward Chamberlin, The Theory of Monopolistic Competition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1935; Jan Keppler, Monopolistic Competition Theory: Origins, Results, and Implications. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. [BACK]

17. Directory of Electronic Journals, Newsletters, and Academic Discussion List. Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries, 1991-1996. [BACK]

19. Stephen P. Harter, "The Impact of Electronic Journals on Scholarly Communication: A Citation Analysis." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 7, no. 5 (1996): 5-34. URL: http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/u7/n5/hart7n5.html. [BACK]

20. Adonis is a product of Adonis USA, 238 Main St., 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA; a wholly owned subsidiary of Elsevier. [BACK]

21. Personal conversation with Karen Hunter, vice president of Elsevier, 15 February 1997. [BACK]

22. George A. Chressanthis and June D. Chressanthis, "Publisher Monopoly Power and Third-Degree Price Discrimination of Scholarly Journals." Technical Services Quarterly 11/2(1993): 13-36. [BACK]

23. This theory is based on the classic work by Abba Lerner, "The Concept of Monopoly and the Measurement of Monopoly Power." Review of Economic Studies (June 1934): 157-175. [BACK]

24. John R. Hayes, "The Internet's First Victim?" Forbes 156/14 (December 18, 1995): 200-201. [BACK]

25. The Associated Colleges of the South includes: Birmingham Southern, Centenary, Centre, Furman, Hendrix, Millsaps, Morehouse (Atlanta University Center), Rhodes, University of Richmond, Rollins, Southwestern, University of the South, and Trinity. [BACK]

26. Two variations in the dependent variable will be used: the net difference and the index of monopoly power after the work of Lerner. [BACK]

27. Chressanthis and Chressanthis, "Publisher Monopoly Power," 13-36. [BACK]