The Waning of the Communist State
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  Preface
  Contributors

 collapse sectionOne  The Quiet Revolution from Within: Economic Reform as a Source of Political Decline
 •The Command Economy and Party Power:  The Problem Defined
 collapse sectionDepartures from Central Planning  as a Source of Political Decline
 •The Growth of Economic Alternatives
 •Enterprise Reform in the Public Sector
 •Changes in Revenue Flows: Fiscal Reform
 •The Quiet Revolution from Within:  Weakening the Centralized Party State
 •Political Authority in Local Settings
 •The Self-Reinforcing Character of Political Decline
 •Anticipations of Postcommunist Transformations
 •References

 collapse sectionPart One  The Process of Political Decline
 collapse sectionTwo  Property Rights and Political Power: The Cumulative Process of Political Change in Hungary
 •Two Polar Notions of Politics
 •The Links Between Socialist Politics and Economics
 •Cycles of Reform and Recentralization
 •Internalizing an "Externality":  the True Cost of Labor and Applied Knowledge
 •The Politics of Property-Rights Reform:  Tactical Lessons, Discourse and Adaptive Identity
 •Hybrid Economy and Polity
 •Conclusion
 •References
 collapse sectionThree  The Second Economy as a Subversive Force: The Erosion of Party Power in Hungary
 •What the Party Thought the Second Economy Could Do
 •What the Second Economy Actually Did
 •Why Did the Leadership Continue to Support  the Second Economy?
 •Conclusion
 •References

 collapse sectionPart Two  The Eclipse of the Center
 collapse sectionFour  The Rise of the Regions: Fiscal Reform and the Decline of Central State Capacity in China
 collapse sectionState Capacity
 •Definition
 •Measurement
 •The Determinants of State Capacity
 collapse sectionThe Rise of the Second Budget
 •The Evolution of Extrabudgetary Funds before the Reform
 collapse sectionThe Expansion of Extrabudgetary Funds after the Reform
 •The Explosion of Extrabudgetary Funds .
 •Control and Resistance .
 •The Decline of State Capacity
 collapse sectionPolitical Consequence of the Decline  of Central Extractive Capacity
 •The Decline of Steering Capacity
 •The Decline of Legitimation Capacity
 •The Fragmentation of the State
 •References
 collapse sectionFive  Losing the Political Initiative: The Impact of Financial Liberalization in Hungary
 collapse sectionThe Contradictions of Financial Reform
 •Recentralization versus Decentralization
 •Summary of the Cases
 •Political Consequences for the Communist Party
 collapse sectionBanking Reform and Structural Adjustment
 •Credit Allocation in the Two-Tiered Banking System
 •Limits on Central Intervention in Commercial Credit Policy
 •The Party's Resort to Nonmarket Mechanisms
 •Structural Adjustment in the Mining Industry
 •Structural Adjustment in the Steel Industry
 •The Political Consequences of Adjustment via Nonmarket Means
 collapse sectionThe Dilemmas of Wage Liberalization
 •Wage Reform versus Macroeconomic Stabilization
 •Transformation of the Party-Controlled Trade Union
 •Tensions within the Trade Union Movement
 •Conflict Between the Party and the Unions, 1989
 •Political Repercussions of Wage Liberalization
 collapse sectionLiberalization of Foreign Exchange
 •Foreign-Exchange Liberalization: The Enterprise Sector
 •Foreign-Exchange Liberalization: The Household Sector
 •Foreign-Exchange Liberalization: Western Investors
 •The Political Consequences of Asymmetric Liberalization of Foreign-Exchange Policy
 •Conclusions
 •References
 •Appendix: Interviews Conducted by the Author  in Budapest, Hungary

 collapse sectionPart Three  Remaking Local Political Networks
 collapse sectionSix  Bureaucratic Patronage and Private Business: Changing Networks of Power in Urban China
 •The Development of Urban Private Business
 •Why Entrepreneurs Need Bureaucratic Support
 collapse sectionHow Officials Support Entrepreneurs
 •Access to Profit
 •Access to Protection
 collapse sectionHow Entrepreneurs Influence Officials
 •Payoffs
 •Employment
 •Partnerships
 collapse sectionShifting Influence Strategies and Business Growth
 •Shifting to Higher Levels of Bureaucratic Support
 •Shifting to More Enduring Ties
 •The Logical Extreme of Bureaucratic Support
 collapse sectionFrom Dependent to Symbiotic Clientelism
 •Transformations in Clientelist Exchange
 •Transformations in Clientelist Networks
 •Transformations in Clientelism and State Infrastructural Power
 •Conclusion
 •References
 collapse sectionSeven  Political Hierarchy and Private Entrepreneurship in a Chinese Neighborhood
 •Private Enterprise in the Local Community
 •Private Business in the Local Political Process
 •Household Strategies
 •Bureaucratic Commitment
 •Collective Passive Resistance
 •Systematized Exchanges between Business  And Bureaucracy
 •Building and Manipulating Authority
 •Bureaucracy's Impact: Obstruction Or Promotion Of Business?
 •Formal versus Informal Hierarchies
 •Conclusion
 •References

 collapse sectionPart Four  Power and Identity in Communities
 collapse sectionEight  Everyday Power Relations: Changes in a North China Village
 •The Bases of Cadre Power in the Collective Economy
 •The Dynamics of Change and Market-Oriented Reform
 •"Play the Game Wisely": Changing Patterns of Cadre Behavior
 •"Leave Me Alone": Political Mentality and Action Among Villagers
 •Concluding Remarks
 •References
 collapse sectionNine  Economy and Ethnicity: The Revitalization of a Muslim Minority in Southeastern China
 •Unintended Consequences of Economic Reforms in Minority Areas
 •Nationality, Society, and State
 •Economic Prosperity and Muslim Minority Identity in a Fujianese Lineage Community
 •Ethnic Politics and Economic Prosperity
 •Muslim Traders, Chinese State
 •The Legitimization of Ethnicity in China
 •References

 collapse sectionIndex
 •A
 •B
 •C
 •D
 •E
 •F
 •G
 •H
 •I
 •J
 •K
 •L
 •M
 •N
 •O
 •P
 •Q
 •R
 •S
 •T
 •U
 •V
 •W
 •X
 •Y
 •Z
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