Ten A Government Divided
1. John F. Stacks, "America's Fretful Mood," Time, December 28, 1981, pp. 22-23. [BACK]
2. David M. Alpern, "Polarizing the Nation?" Newsweek, February 8, 1982, pp. 33-34. [BACK]
3. Ibid.; and Stacks, "America's Fretful Mood." [BACK]
4. Data from Council of Economic Advisers, "Economic Indicators," various dates. [BACK]
5. Yankelovich poll, Time, April 5, 1982, pp. 10-12. [BACK]
6. Adam Clymer, "Reagan Evoking Rising Concern, New Poll Shows," New York Times, March 19, 1981, pp. A1, A20. [BACK]
7. James Kelly, "Challenging the Red Sea," Time, February 22, 1982, p. 14. [BACK]
8. Walter Isaacson, "Caught in the Riptide of Red Ink," Time, December 21, 1981, p. 28. [BACK]
9. Ibid. [BACK]
10. Harry Anderson et al., "Reagan's Busted Budget," Newsweek, December 21, 1981, pp. 63-64. [BACK]
11. "End of a Jam Session," The Economist, December 26, 1981, pp. 18-19. [BACK]
12. On the economy, Anderson, "Reagan's Busted Budget," and Isaacson, "Caught in the Riptide of Red Ink" provide good summaries. [BACK]
13. See Allen Schick, Congress and the President: Reagan's First Year (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1982). [BACK]
14. John Gilmour's forthcoming book manuscript, "A Most Bizarre Way to Legislate: Reconciliation and the Congressional Budget Process," discusses this in depth. [BACK]
15. See "Meanwhile, Back in the 1981 Budget, Another Reagan Victory," National Journal, May 9, 1981, p. 846; and CQA 1981, pp. 281-85. [BACK]
16. Melinda Beck and Howard Fineman, "The Farm Bloc Tastes Defeat," Newsweek, September 28, 1981, pp. 29-30. [BACK]
17. Ibid. [BACK]
18. Walter Isaacson, "Mixing Politics with Parity," Time, November 2, 1981, p. 22. [BACK]
19. See "Farm bill conference a test of Reagan's control of spending," National Journal, October 31, 1981, pp. 1931, 1957; Isaacson, "Mixing Politics with Parity"; and Beck and Fineman, "Farm Bloc Tastes Defeat." [BACK]
20. House Budget Committee, "A Review of President Reagan's Budget Recommendations, 1981-85," August 2, 1984, pp. 133-39; Congressional Budget Office, "An Analysis of Congressional Budget Estimates for Fiscal Years 1980-82," June 1984, p. 65. [BACK]
21. CQA 1981, p. 318. [BACK]
22. Ibid., p. 269. [BACK]
23. Ibid., pp. 267-70. [BACK]
24. Congressional Budget Office, "An Analysis of Congressional Budget Estimates," June 1984, pp. 38-39. [BACK]
25. "'A Hell of a Crunch' in '82," Newsweek, December 28, 1981, between pp. 20-40. [BACK]
26. "Playing Both Santa and Scrooge," Time, December 28, 1981, p. 24. [BACK]
27. "'A Hell of a Crunch' in '82," Newsweek. [BACK]
28. Walter Isaacson, "'The Floor Is My Domain,'" Time, April 26, 1982. [BACK]
29. Michael Barone and Grant Ujifusa, Almanac of American Politics 1984 (Washington, D.C.: Barone & Co., 1983), p. 430. [BACK]
30. Barrett, Gambling with History, p. 341. [BACK]
31. Kenneth H. Bacon, "Advice Gap: Reagan Aides Dispute How to Cut Deficit—and How Harmful It Is," Wall Street Journal, December 10, 1981, pp. 1, 18. [BACK]
32. Timothy B. Clark, "A Divided Administration Wonders Whether It's Time for More Taxes," National Journal, January 16, 1982, pp. 113-18. [BACK]
33. Office of Management and Budget, The President's Budget for Fiscal Year 1983 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1982), pp. 2-11 to 2-16. [BACK]
34. Congressional Budget Office, "An Analysis of the President's Budgetary Proposals for Fiscal Year 1983," February 1982, pp. 33-42. [BACK]
35. Clark, "A Divided Administration Wonders Whether It's Time for More Taxes." See Paul Craig Roberts, The Supply-Side Revolution: An Insider's Account of Policymaking in Washington (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984). [BACK]
36. Michael Reese et al., "The Hard Times of Ronald Reagan," Newsweek, February 1, 1982, pp. 17-19. [BACK]
37. Rochelle L. Stanfield, "Turning Back '61 Programs: A Radical Shift of Power," National Journal, February 27, 1982, p. 369. [BACK]
38. For extensive discussion of the federalism plan, see Rochelle L. Stanfield, "New Federalism: A Neatly Wrapped Package with Explosives Inside," National Journal, February 27, 1982, pp. 356-83. [BACK]
39. Peter Goldman, "Reagan's Taxing Problem," Newsweek, January 11, 1982, pp. 18-19. The story is repeated in various forms frequently. Barrett has it as "the papers are right. You are plotting against me" (Gambling with History, p. 343). [BACK]
40. Clark, "A Divided Administration Wonders Whether It's Time for More Taxes"; Barrett, Gambling with History, p. 344. [BACK]
41. Peter Goldman, "Reagan's New Excise Taxes," Newsweek, January 25, 1982, pp. 28-29. [BACK]
42. Steven R. Weisman, "GOP Senators Bid Reagan Lift Taxes," New York Times, January 16, 1982, p. 36; Barrett, Gambling with History, p. 344. [BACK]
43. Barrett, Gambling with History, p. 345. [BACK]
44. Walter Isaacson, "States of the Union," Time, February 8, 1982, pp. 16-18; Peter Goldman, "The Reagan Gamble," Newsweek, February 8, 1982, pp. 24-27. [BACK]
45. See Aaron Wildavsky, "Birthday Cake Federalism," in Robert B. Hawkins, Jr., ed., American Federalism: A New Partnership for the Republic (San Francisco: Institute for Contemporary Studies, 1982), pp. 181-92; Richard Nathan, "Toward a Theory of Federal Grants," typescript, 1982; and Richard Nathan and Fred C. Doolittle, "The Untold Story of Reagan's 'New Federalism,'" The Public Interest, No. 77 (Fall 1984), pp. 96-105. [BACK]
46. See Karl Weick, The Social Psychology of Organizing (Reading, Mass.: Addison Wesley, 1979). [BACK]
47. In the early days of the Republic, "corruption" was used by Jeffersonians not to mean stealing but rather debt and other legal devices they believed undermined principles of political equality. See James Savage, Balanced Budgets and American Politics (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1988). [BACK]
48. Jonathan Fuerbringer, "Volcker Cautions That Big Deficits Imperil Recovery," New York Times, January 27, 1981, p. A1. [BACK]
49. Goldman, "The Reagan Gamble." [BACK]
50. "'A Hell of a Crunch' in '82." [BACK]