Select Bibliography

`Abd al-Karim, Ahmad `Izzat, Ta'rikh al-ta`lim fi `asr Muhammad `Ali . Cairo: Matba`at al-Nahda al-Misriyya, 1938.

Ta'rikh al-ta'lim fi Misr min nihayat hukm Muhammad Ali ila awa'il hukm Tawfiq, 1848–1882 . Cairo: Matba'at al-Nasr, 1945.

Abdel-Malek, Anouar, Idéologie et renaissance nationale: l'Egypte moderne . Paris: Anthropos, 1969.

`Abduh, Ibrahim, Tatawwur al-sahafa al-misriyya, 1798–1951 . Cairo: Maktabat al-Adab, n.d.

Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim, Arab Rediscovery of Europe . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.

Abu-Lughod, Janet, Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971.

Abu-Lughod, Lila, Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.

Ahmed, Leila, Edward W. Lane: A Study of His Life and Work, and of British Ideas of the Middle East in the Nineteenth Century . London: Longmans, 1978.

Alloula, Malek, The Colonial Harem , trans. Myrna Godzich and Wlad Godzich, with an Introduction by Barbara Harlow, Theory and History of Literature, vol. 21. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986.

Arminjon, Pierre, L'Enseignement, la doctrine et la vie dans les universités musulmanes d'Egypte . Paris: Felix Alcan, 1907.

D'Arnaud, 'Reconstruction des villages de l'Egypte', Bulletin de la Société de Géographie , series 3, no. 52/53 (April/May 1848): 278–81.

Baer, Gabriel, Studies in the Social History of Modern Egypt . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969.

Baudrillard, Jean, The Mirror of Production , trans. Mark Poster. St. Louis: Telos Press, 1975.

Bendiner, Kenneth P., 'The portrayal of the Middle East in British painting, 1825–1860'. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1979.

Benjamin, Walter, 'Paris, capital of the nineteenth century', in Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writings , ed. Peter Demetz. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1978.

Bentham, Jeremy, 'Panopticon', in The Complete Works of Jeremy Bentham , ed. John Bowring, 11 vols. Edinburgh and London: Tait, 1838–42.

Berardi, Roberto, 'Espace et ville en pays d'Islam', in D. Chevallier, ed., L'Espace sociale de la ville arabe . Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 1979.

Berque, Jacques, Egypt: Imperialism and Revolution , trans. Jean Stewart. London: Faber and Faber, 1972.

Bowring, John, 'Report on Egypt and Candia', in Great Britain, House of Commons, Sessional Papers , 1840, vol. xxi, pp. 1–227.

Bourdieu, Pierre, 'The Kabyle house or the world reversed', in Algeria 1960 . Cambridge: Cambridge. University Press, 1979, pp. 133–53.

Outline of a Theory of Practice . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

Bréal, Michel, Essai de sémantique; science des significations . Paris: Hachette, 1897; 2nd ed., 1899.

'Les idées latentes du langage' (1868), in Mélanges de mythologie et de linguistique . Paris: Hachette, 1877, pp. 295–322.

Brockelmann, Carl, Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur , 2 vols., den Supplement-bänden angepasste Auflage. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1937–49.

Carré, J. M., Voyageurs et écrivains français en Egypte , 2nd ed. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1956.

Chelli, Monçef, La parole arabe: une théorie de la relativité des cultures . Paris: Sindbad, 1980.

Crecelius, Daniel, The Roots of Modern Egypt: A Study of the Regimes of `Ali Bey al-Kabir and Muhammad Bey Abu al-Dhahab, 1760–1775 . Minneapolis and Chicago: Bibliotheca Islamica, 1981.

Cromer, The Earl of, Modern Egypt , 2 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1908.

Delanoue, Gilbert, Moralistes et politiques musulmans dans l'Egypte du XIXe siècle (1798–1882) , 2 vols. Paris: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1982.

Derrida, Jacques, 'The double session', Dissemination , trans. Barbara Johnson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981, pp. 173–285.

Margins of Philosophy , trans. Alan Bass. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.

Speech and Phenomena, and other Essays on Husserl's Theory of Signs , trans. David B. Allison, Northwestern Studies in Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1973.

Dor, V. Edouard, L'Instruction publique en Egypte . Paris: A. Lacroix, Verboeckhoven et cie, 1872.

Douin, Georges, Histoire du regne du Khedive Ismail , 2 vols. Rome: Royal Egyptian Geographical Society, 1934.

Durkheim, Emile, The Rules of Sociological Method , 8th ed., trans. Sarah A. Solovay and John H. Mueller, ed. George E. G. Catlin. New York: The Free Press, 1938.

Eagleton, Terry, Literary Theory . Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983.

Farag, Nadia, 'al-Muqtataf 1876–1900: a study of the influence of Victorian thought on modern Arabic thought'. Ph.D. thesis, Oxford University, 1969.

Fikri, Muhammad Amin, Irshad al-alibba" ila mahasin Urubba . Cairo: Matba`at al-Muqtataf, 1892.

Flaubert, Gustave, Flaubert in Egypt. A Sensibility on Tour , trans. and ed. Francis Steegmuller. London: Michael Haag, 1983.

Foucault, Michel, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison , trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Pantheon, 1977.

The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences . New York: Random House, 1970.

'Two lectures', in Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977 , ed. Colin Gordon. New York: Random House, 1981, pp. 78–108.

Gautier, Théophile, Oeuvres complètes , 26 vols. Vol. 20, L'Orient . Paris: Charpentier, 1880–1903.

Gérard de Nerval, Oeuvres , ed. Albert Béguin and Jean Richer, 2 vols. Vol. 1: Voyage en Orient (1851), ed. Michel Jeanneret. Paris: Gallimard, 1952.

Gilsenan, Michael, Recognizing Islam: Religion and Society in the Modern Arab World . New York: Pantheon, 1982.

Gran, Peter, Islamic Roots of Capitalism, 1769–1840 . Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

Heidegger, Martin, 'The age of the world picture', in The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays , trans. William Lovitt. New York: Harper and Row, 1977, pp. 115–54.

Heyworth-Dunne, James, An Introduction to the History of Education in Modern Egypt . London: Luzac and Co., 1939.

Hourani, Albert, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798–1939 , 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

'Ottoman reform and the politics of notables', in Beginnings of Modernization in the Middle East: the Nineteenth Century , ed. William R. Polk and Richard L. Chambers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968, pp. 41–68.

and S. M. Stern, eds., The Islamic City . Oxford: Bruno Cassirer, and Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970.

Hunter, F. Robert, Egypt Under the Khedives, 1805–1874: From Household Government to Modern Bureaucracy , Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1984.

Ibn Khaldun, `Abd al-Rahman, Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldun , ed. E. M. Quatremére, 3 vols. Paris: Institut Impérial de France, 1858; reprint ed., Beirut: Maktabat Lubnan, 1970. English trans., The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History , trans. Franz Rosenthal, 2nd ed., 3 vols. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967.

Ilyas, Idwar Bey, Mashahid Uruba wa-Amirka . Cairo: Matba`at al-Muqtataf, 1900.

International Congress of Orientalists, Transactions of the Ninth Congress, London, 5–12 September 1892 , ed. E. Delmar Morgan, 2 vols. London, International Congress of Orientalists, 1893.

Isma'il, `Abd al-Rahman, Tibb al-rukka , 2 vols. Cairo, 1892–94. Partial translation, John Walker, Folk Medicine in Modern Egypt, Being the Relevant Parts of the Tibb al-Rukka or Old Wives' Medicine of `Abd al-Rahman Isma'il . London: Luzac and Co., 1934.

Issawi, Charles, An Economic History of the Middle East and North Africa . New York: Columbia University Press, 1982.

Jabarti, `Abd al-Rahman al-, Ta'rikh muddat al-faransis bi-Misr , ed. S. Moreh and published with a translation as Al-Jabarti's Chronicle of the First Seven Months of the French Occupation of Egypt, Muharram-Rajab 1213 (15th June–December 1798) . Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975.

Jawish, `Abd al-Aziz, Ghunyat al-mu'addibin fi turuq al-hadith li-l-tarbiya wa-l-ta'lim . Cairo: Matba`at al-Sha`b, 1903.

Kaestle, Carl F., ed., Joseph Lancaster and the Monitorial School Movement: A Documentary History . New York: Columbia University Teachers College Press, 1973.

Lamarre, Clovis, and Charles Fliniaux, L'Egypte, la Tunisie, le Maroc et l'exposition de 1878 , in the series, Les pays étrangers et l'exposition de 1878 , 20 vols. Paris: Libraire Ch. Delagrave, 1878.

Lane, Edward, An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians . London: Charles Knight, 1835; Everyman Edition, London: J. M. Dent, 1908.

Le Bon, Gustave, Les premières civilisations . Paris: Marpon et Flammarion, 1889. Arabic trans. of the third part, Muhammad Sadiq Rustum, al-Hadara al-misriyya . Cairo: al-Matba`a al-`Asriyya, n.d.

Lois psychologiques de l'évolution des peuples , 12th ed. Paris: Felix Alcan, 1916. English trans., The Psychology of Peoples . New York: Macmillan, 1898.

Psychologie des foules . Paris: Felix Alcan, 1895. English trans., The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind . New York: Macmillan, 1896.

Louca, Anouar, Voyageurs et écrivains égyptiens en France au XIXe siècle . Paris: Didier, 1970.

Marsafi, Husayn al-, Risalat al-kalim al-thaman . Cairo: Matba`at al-Jumhur, 1903; 1st ed. 1881.

al-Wasila al-adabiyya ila al-`ulum al-`arabiyya , 2 vols. Vol. 1, Cairo: Matba`at al-Madaris al-Malikiyya, 1872–75; vol. 2, Matba`at Wadi al-Nil, 1875–79.

Marsot, Afaf Lutfi Al-Sayyid, Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Marx, Karl, Capital , trans. Ben Fowkes, 3 vols. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976.

Maurois, André, Lyautey . Paris: Plon, 1931.

Mubarak, `Ali, `Alam al-Din , Alexandria: Matba`at Jaridat al-Mahrusa, 1882.

al-Khitat al-jadida li-Misr al-qahira wa-muduniha wa-biladiha al-qadima wa-l-shahira , 20 vols. in 4. Bulaq, 1307h (1889/90); 1st ed. 1305h (1887/8).

Mumford, Lewis, Technics and Civilization . New York: Harcourt Brace and Co., 1934.

Mustafa Reshid Celebi Effendi, 'An explanation of the nizam-y-gedid', in William Wilkinson, An Account of the Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia Including Various Political Observations Relating to Them . London: Longman et al ., 1820, appendix 5.

Muwailihi, Muhammad al-, Hadith `Isa ibn Hisham, aw fatra min al-zaman , 2nd ed. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Azhariyya, 1911; 1st ed. 1907.

Owen, Roger, The Middle East in the World Economy 1800–1914 . London: Methuen, 1981.

Pieron, Henri, 'Le Caire: son ésthetique dans la ville arabe et dans la ville moderne'. L'Egypte contemporaine 5 (January 1911): 511–28.

Qasim Amin, Les égyptiens . Cairo: Jules Barbier, 1894.

Radwan, Abu al-Futuh, Ta'rikh Matba`at Bulaq . Cairo: al-Matba`a al-Amiriyya. 1953.

Rafi'i, `Abd al-Rahman al-, `Asr Isma`il , 2nd ed., 2 vols. Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahda al-Misriyya, 1948.

Raymond, André, Artisans et commerçants au Caire au XVIIIe siècle , 2 vols. Damascus: Institut français de Damas, 1973.

Grandes villes arabes à l'époque ottomane . Paris: Sindbad, 1985.

Renan, Ernest, 'De l'origine du langage' (1848), Oeuvres complétes , ed. Henriette Psichari, 10 vols. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1947– .

Rida, Rashid, Ta'rikh al-ustadh al-imam Muhammad `Abduh , 3 vols. Cairo: Matba'at al-Manar, 1324–50h (1906–31).

Rivlin, Helen, The Agricultural Policy of Muhammad Ali in Egypt . Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1961.

Rorty, Richard, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979.

Said, Edward, Orientalism . New York: Pantheon, 1978.

St John, Bayle, Village Life in Egypt , 2 vols. London: Chapman and Hall, 1852; reprint ed., New York: Arno Press, 1973.

Sami, Amin, al-Ta`lim fi Misr fi sanatay 1914–1915, wa-bayan tafsili li-nashr al-ta`lim al-awwali wa-l-ibtida'i bi-anha" al-diyar al-misriyya . Cairo: Matba`at al-Ma`arif, 1916.

Taqwim al-Nil, wa-asma' man tawallaw amr Misr ma`a muddat hukmihim `alayha wa mulahazat ta'rikhiyya `an ahwal al-khilafa al`amma wa shu'un Misr al-khassa . Cairo: Matba`at Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyya, 1936.

Sammarco, Angelo, Histoire de l'Egypte moderne depuis Mohammad Ali jusqu'à l'occupation britannique (1801–1882) , vol. 3: Le règne du khédive Ismaïl de 1863 à 1875 . Cairo: Société Royale de Géographie d'Egypte, 1937.

Sanusi al-Tunisi, Muhammad al-, al-Istitla`at al-barisiyya fi ma`rad sanat 1889 . Tunis, 1309h.

Sarruf, Ya`qub, Sirr al-najah . Beirut, 1880. A translation of Samuel Smiles, Self-Help, with Illustrations of Conduct and Perseverence , 72nd impression, with an Introduction by Asa Briggs. London: John Murray, 1958; 1st ed. 1859.

Saussure, Ferdinand de, Course in General Linguistics , trans. Wade Baskin. New York: Philosophical Library, 1959.

Schölch, Alexander, Egypt for the Egyptians: The Socio-Political Crisis in Egypt 1878–1882 . London: Ithaca, 1981. A translation of Agypten der Agyptern! Die politische und gesellschaftliche Krise der Jahre 1878–1882 in Agypten , Freiburg: Atlantis, n.d. (1972).

Taha Husayn, Ruh al-Tarbiya . Cairo: Dar al-Hilal, 1922. A translation of Gustave Le Bon, Psychologie de l'éducation , 1st ed., 1904; 2nd ed., 'augmenté de plusieurs chapitres sur les méthodes d'éducation en Amérique et sur l'enseignement donné aux indigènes des colonies'. Paris: Flammarion, 1912.

Tahtawi, Rifa`a Rafi` al-, al-A`mal al-kamila , 4 vols., vol. 1: al-Tamaddun wa-l-hadara wa-l-`umran , vol. 2: al-Siyasa wa-l-wataniyya wa-l-tarbiya . Beirut: al-Mu'assasa al-`Arabiyya li-l-Dirasat wa-l-Nashr, 1973.

Mawaqi` al-aflak fi waqa'a'i` Tilimak . Beirut: al-Matba`a al-Suriyya, 1867.

Manahij al-albab al-misriyya, fi mabahij al-adab al-`asriyya , 2nd printing. Cairo: Matba`at Shirkat al-Ragha'ib, 1912.

al-Murshid al-amin li-l-banat wa-l-banin . Cairo: 1289h (1872/3).

Qala'id al-mafakhir fi gharib `awa'id al-awa'il wa-l-awakhir . Bulaq: Dar al-Taba`a, 1833. A translation of Georg Bernhard Depping, Aperçu historique sur les moeurs et coutumes des nations . Contenant le tableau comparé chez les divers peuples anciens et modernes, des usages et des cérémonies concernant I'habitation, la nourriture, I'habillement, les marriages, les funérailles, les jeux, les fêtes, les guerres, les superstitions, les castes, etc., etc. Paris: L'Encyclopedie Portative, 1826.

Tocqueville, Alexis de, 'Notes du voyage en Algérie de 1841', Oeuvres complétes , gen. ed. J. P. Mayer, vol. 5, Voyages en Angleterre, Irlande, Suisse et Algérie , ed. J. P. Mayer and André Jardin. Paris: Gallimard, 1958.

Tucker, Judith E., Women in Nineteenth-Century Egypt . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Tusun, `Umar, al-Bi`that al-`ilmiyya fi `ahd Muhammad Ali thumma fi `ahday `Abbas al-awwal wa-Sa`id . Alexandria: Matba`at Salah al-Din, 1934.

`Umar, Muhammad, Hadir al-misriyyin aw sirr ta'akhkhurihim . Cairo: Matba`at al-Muqtataf, 1902.

Weber, Max, ' "Objectivity" in social science and social policy', in The Methodology of the Social Sciences , trans. and ed. Edward A. Shils and Henry A. Finch. New York: The Free Press, 1949, pp. 49–112.

Zaghlul, Ahmad Fathi, Ruh al-ijtima` . Cairo: Matba`at al-Sha`b, 1909. A translation of Gustave Le Bon, Psychologie des foules . Paris: Felix Alcan, 1895.

Sirr taqaddun al-inkliz al-saksuniyyin . Cairo: Matba`at al-Ma`arif, 1899. A translation of Edmond Demolins, A quoi tient la supériorité des Anglo-Saxons . Paris: Libraire de Paris, 1897.

Sirr tatawwur al-umam . Cairo: Matba`at al-Ma`rif, 1913. A translation of Gustave Le Bon, Lois psychologiques de l'évolution des peuples , 12th ed. Paris: Felix Alcan, 1916.

Zawahiri, Ahmad al-, al-`Ilm wa-l-`ulama' wa-nizam al-ta`lim . Tanta: al-Matba`a al-`Umumiyya, 1904.

Zaydan, Jurji, Ta'rikh adab al-lugha al-`arabiyya , 4 vols. Cairo: Dar al-Hilal, 1914.

Ta'rikh al-tamaddun al-islami , 5 vols. Cairo: Dar al-Hilal, 1901–6; reprint ed. 1958.