A Company of Scientists

 collapse sectionACKNOWLEDGMENTS

 collapse sectionPART I  THE SETTING
 collapse sectionChapter 1  Portrait of an Institution
 •Understanding the Institution
 •Public Image
 •Behind the Public Image

 collapse sectionPART II  THE INSTITUTION AND ITS PATRONAGE
 collapse sectionChapter 2  Members and Protectors
 •Composition of the Early Academy
 •Students of Plants
 •The Protectors and their Spokesmen
 collapse sectionChapter 3  Models for a Company of Scientists
 •Sociocultural Contexts
 •Bureaucratic Models
 •Conclusion
 collapse sectionChapter 4  The Material Benefits of Membership:  Pensions and Quarters
 •The Functions of Pensions
 •Bibliothèque Du Roi and Jardin Royal
 •Observatoire
 •Conclusion
 collapse sectionChapter 5  Research Subventions and Ministerial Control
 •Colbert: The Generous Foundation
 •Louvois: Declining Interest and Support
 •Pontchartrain: A Penurious Revival
 •Conclusion

 collapse sectionPART III  BOTANICAL RESEARCH AT THE ACADEMY
 collapse sectionChapter 6  The Natural History of Plants:  Rival Conceptions
 •Changing Ways of Thinking About Plants
 •Proposals for a Natural History of Plants
 •Research for the Natural History
 •Editorial Rivalry
 •Conclusion
 collapse sectionChapter 7  Justifying the Chemical Analysis of Plants
 •The Controversy Over Distillation
 •The Method of Distillation
 •Why Distillation?
 •The Goals of Chemical Analysis
 •Publicity and Discretion
 •Conclusion
 collapse sectionChapter 8  Ministerial Intervention and an Unexpected Outcome
 •The Lost Second Installment
 •Ministerial Intervention
 •A New Editor
 •Conclusion
 collapse sectionChapter 9  Analogical Reasoning:  The Model
 •The Nature and functions of Analogical Reasoning
 •The Circulation of the Blood
 •Analogical Reasoning in the Harveian Model
 •Conclusion
 collapse sectionChapter 10  Analogical Reasoning:  The Theory
 •The Circulation of the Sap
 •Pretheoretic Plausibility
 •Pushing the Analogy to Its Limits
 •Solving the Problem of Crucial Dissimilarities
 •Explaining the Rise of Sap
 •Conclusion
 collapse sectionChapter 11  Chemical and Mechanical Explanation of Physiological Processes
 •Generation and Reproduction
 •Germination, Maturation, and the Role of External Factors
 •How Plants Grow and How They Are Nourished
 •Conclusion
 collapse sectionChapter 12  The New Instruments and Botany
 •Early Botanical Microscopy at the Academy
 •Plants and the Air Pump
 •Conclusion

 collapse sectionPART IV  THE ACADEMY AND THE LARGER COMMUNITY
 collapse sectionChapter 13  Medical Motivations and Social Responsibility
 •Medical Interests
 •Ergotism, Illness of the Poor
 •Conclusion
 collapse sectionChapter 14  Scientific Paris at the End of the Century
 •The Scientific Community
 •Modest Public Interest in Science
 •Scientific Goods and Services in Paris, 1660–1700
 •Conclusion
 collapse sectionChapter 15  Academicians and the Larger Scientific Community
 •Private Contacts Between Academicians And Other Savants
 •Institutional Regulation of Contacts
 •The Character and Benefits of Contacts
 •Conclusion

 collapse sectionPART V  THE EFFECTS OF PATRONAGE
 •Chapter 16  The Academy as an Instrument of the Crown

 collapse sectionNOTES
 •Chapter 1 Portrait of an Institution
 •Chapter 2 Members and Protectors
 •Chapter 3 Models for a Company of Scientists
 •Chapter 4 The Material Benefits of Membership: Pensions and Quarters
 •Chapter 5 Research Subventions and Ministerial Control
 •Chapter 6 The Natural History of Plants: Rival Conceptions
 •Chapter 7 Justifying the Chemical Analysis of Plants
 •Chapter 8 Ministerial Intervention and an Unexpected Outcome
 •Chapter 9 Analogical Reasoning: The Model
 •Chapter 10 Analogical Reasoning: The Theory
 •Chapter 11 Chemical and Mechanical Explanation of Physiological Processes
 •Chapter 12 The New Instruments and Botany
 •Chapter 13 Medical Motivations and Social Responsibility
 •Chapter 14 Scientific Paris at the End of the Century
 •Chapter 15 Academicians and the Larger Scientific Community
 •Chapter 16 The Academy as an Instrument of the Crown
  ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE APPENDIX, NOTES, AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
  APPENDIX  THE RECORD OF EXPENDITURE, 1666–1699
 collapse sectionNOTES TO APPENDIX
 •Table 1
 •Table 2
 •Table 3
 •Table 4
 •Table 5
 •Table 6
 •Table 7
 •Table 8
 •Table 9
 •Table 10
 •Table 11
 •Table 12
 •Table 16
 •Table 17
 collapse sectionBIBLIOGRAPHY
 •Primary Sources: Manuscripts, Drawings, and Paintings
 •Primary Sources: Printed and Engraved
 •Secondary Sources
 collapse sectionINDEX
 •A
 •B
 •C
 •D
 •E
 •F
 •G
 •H
 •I
 •J
 •K
 •L
 •M
 •N
 •O
 •P
 •R
 •S
 •T
 •U
 •V
 •W
 •Z
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