A Company of Scientists |
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
PART I THE SETTING |
Chapter 1 Portrait of an Institution |
• | Understanding the Institution |
• | Public Image |
• | Behind the Public Image |
14 | PART II THE INSTITUTION AND ITS PATRONAGE |
11 | Chapter 2 Members and Protectors |
• | Composition of the Early Academy |
10 | • | Students of Plants |
1 | • | The Protectors and their Spokesmen |
Chapter 3 Models for a Company of Scientists |
• | Sociocultural Contexts |
• | Bureaucratic Models |
• | Conclusion |
1 | Chapter 4 The Material Benefits of Membership: Pensions and Quarters |
• | The Functions of Pensions |
1 | • | Bibliothèque Du Roi and Jardin Royal |
• | Observatoire |
• | Conclusion |
2 | Chapter 5 Research Subventions and Ministerial Control |
1 | • | Colbert: The Generous Foundation |
1 | • | Louvois: Declining Interest and Support |
• | Pontchartrain: A Penurious Revival |
• | Conclusion |
134 | PART III BOTANICAL RESEARCH AT THE ACADEMY |
43 | Chapter 6 The Natural History of Plants: Rival Conceptions |
• | Changing Ways of Thinking About Plants |
13 | • | Proposals for a Natural History of Plants |
7 | • | Research for the Natural History |
22 | • | Editorial Rivalry |
1 | • | Conclusion |
53 | Chapter 7 Justifying the Chemical Analysis of Plants |
9 | • | The Controversy Over Distillation |
9 | • | The Method of Distillation |
13 | • | Why Distillation? |
12 | • | The Goals of Chemical Analysis |
9 | • | Publicity and Discretion |
• | Conclusion |
30 | Chapter 8 Ministerial Intervention and an Unexpected Outcome |
8 | • | The Lost Second Installment |
8 | • | Ministerial Intervention |
8 | • | A New Editor |
1 | • | Conclusion |
Chapter 9 Analogical Reasoning: The Model |
• | The Nature and functions of Analogical Reasoning |
• | The Circulation of the Blood |
• | Analogical Reasoning in the Harveian Model |
• | Conclusion |
Chapter 10 Analogical Reasoning: The Theory |
• | The Circulation of the Sap |
• | Pretheoretic Plausibility |
• | Pushing the Analogy to Its Limits |
• | Solving the Problem of Crucial Dissimilarities |
• | Explaining the Rise of Sap |
• | Conclusion |
7 | Chapter 11 Chemical and Mechanical Explanation of Physiological Processes |
3 | • | Generation and Reproduction |
4 | • | Germination, Maturation, and the Role of External Factors |
• | How Plants Grow and How They Are Nourished |
• | Conclusion |
1 | Chapter 12 The New Instruments and Botany |
1 | • | Early Botanical Microscopy at the Academy |
• | Plants and the Air Pump |
• | Conclusion |
39 | PART IV THE ACADEMY AND THE LARGER COMMUNITY |
23 | Chapter 13 Medical Motivations and Social Responsibility |
5 | • | Medical Interests |
17 | • | Ergotism, Illness of the Poor |
1 | • | Conclusion |
4 | Chapter 14 Scientific Paris at the End of the Century |
1 | • | The Scientific Community |
2 | • | Modest Public Interest in Science |
1 | • | Scientific Goods and Services in Paris, 1660–1700 |
• | Conclusion |
12 | Chapter 15 Academicians and the Larger Scientific Community |
5 | • | Private Contacts Between Academicians And Other Savants |
1 | • | Institutional Regulation of Contacts |
6 | • | The Character and Benefits of Contacts |
• | Conclusion |
PART V THE EFFECTS OF PATRONAGE |
• | Chapter 16 The Academy as an Instrument of the Crown |
97 | NOTES |
• | Chapter 1 Portrait of an Institution |
3 | • | Chapter 2 Members and Protectors |
• | Chapter 3 Models for a Company of Scientists |
• | Chapter 4 The Material Benefits of Membership: Pensions and Quarters |
• | Chapter 5 Research Subventions and Ministerial Control |
24 | • | Chapter 6 The Natural History of Plants: Rival Conceptions |
29 | • | Chapter 7 Justifying the Chemical Analysis of Plants |
4 | • | Chapter 8 Ministerial Intervention and an Unexpected Outcome |
• | Chapter 9 Analogical Reasoning: The Model |
• | Chapter 10 Analogical Reasoning: The Theory |
7 | • | Chapter 11 Chemical and Mechanical Explanation of Physiological Processes |
6 | • | Chapter 12 The New Instruments and Botany |
9 | • | Chapter 13 Medical Motivations and Social Responsibility |
3 | • | Chapter 14 Scientific Paris at the End of the Century |
12 | • | Chapter 15 Academicians and the Larger Scientific Community |
• | Chapter 16 The Academy as an Instrument of the Crown |
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE APPENDIX, NOTES, AND BIBLIOGRAPHY |
5 | APPENDIX THE RECORD OF EXPENDITURE, 1666–1699 |
NOTES TO APPENDIX |
• | Table 1 |
• | Table 2 |
• | Table 3 |
• | Table 4 |
• | Table 5 |
• | Table 6 |
• | Table 7 |
• | Table 8 |
• | Table 9 |
• | Table 10 |
• | Table 11 |
• | Table 12 |
• | Table 16 |
• | Table 17 |
10 | BIBLIOGRAPHY |
6 | • | Primary Sources: Manuscripts, Drawings, and Paintings |
4 | • | Primary Sources: Printed and Engraved |
• | Secondary Sources |
12 | INDEX |
• | A |
1 | • | B |
1 | • | C |
3 | • | D |
• | E |
• | F |
• | G |
• | H |
• | I |
• | J |
• | K |
• | L |
• | M |
2 | • | N |
• | O |
1 | • | P |
1 | • | R |
1 | • | S |
2 | • | T |
• | U |
• | V |
• | W |
• | Z |