I
Ideals, scholarly, 27 -29, 209
conflict between ideal and practice, 205 -215, 224 -225
cooperation, 29 , 169 , 180 , 199 -217
experiment, 5 , 7 , 115 -116, 155 -156, 181 , 215 , 222 , 225
utility, 182 .
See also Académie royale des sciences, functions and goals of; Utility
Illustrations of plants, 213 . See also Engravers and engravings; Gaston; Plants
—commissioned by Academy: 22 , 69 , 73 , 75 , 80 , 88 , 110 , 111 , 113 , 223
published in eighteenth century, 80 , 114 , 115
scientific standards for, 71 , 75 , 80 , 82 , 107 , 157 , 298 n.18, 300 n.38, 317 n.5
shortcomings of, 68 , 73 , 80 -83, 86 , 104 , 112
size of, 82
Imprimerie royale, 191 , 192 , 208 , 209
typeface for, 59
Industry, interest of Academy in, 49 , 110 , 169 .
See also Machines Practical projects of Academy
Instrument makers, scientific, 39 , 44 , 45 , 187 , 194 , 198 , 320 n.27
and Academy, 192 -193
essential to experimental
See also names of individuals
Instruments and apparatus, scientific, 7 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 55 , 118 , 156 , 192 -194.
See also names of instrument makers; Air pump; Chemistry; Clocks; Inventions; Lenses; Microscopy
—and botanical research, 61 , 146 , 154 , 155 -166, 225
—demonstrational, 44 -45, 48 , 210 -211, 329 n.25
burning mirrors, 26 , 48 , 53 , 54
globes, 45
lodestone, 194
planisphere, 45 , 48 , 210 -211
"talking" ephemerides, 44
—observational, 23 , 44 -45, 329 n.25
astronomical and mathematical, 44 , 155 , 156 , 159 , 193 , 194
compass, 207
meteorological, 155 , 156 , 165 , 193
microscope, 23 , 51 , 157 , 159
supplied to Jesuit missionaries, 53 , 210
—purchase and maintenance of for Academy, 34 , 43 , 44 -45, 48 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 58 , 165 , 210 -211
—role of in new science, 154 , 155 -156, 159 , 160 , 166
Interdisciplinary links amoung the sciences, 118 , 144 , 153 -154, 156 , 165 , 166 , 225 .
See also Analogies; Sap
assessed by Academy, 49 , 55 , 56 , 59 .
See also Académie royale des sciences, functions of Dalesme Machines