E

Eau de vie, used during dissections and as remedy, 41 , 95

Education, scientific, 197 -198, 200 -201.

See also Académie royale des sciences, functions and goals of

Elephant, scientific and public interest in, 26 , 194 , 335 n.100

Emboîtement,148 , 149 , 157

England, 101 , 119 , 209

ties of academicians to, 21 , 22 , 23 , 58 , 99 , 172

Engravers and engravings, 79 , 157

of animals, 59

of arts and crafts, 59

expenditure on, 48 , 51 , 54 , 58

of plants, 22 , 51 , 54 , 58 , 207 .

See also Bosse; Chastillon; Illustrations of plants; Robert

"Engyscope," 318 n.6

Ergot, 174 , 175 , 204 , 212

as cause of ergotism, 174 , 176 , 178

description of, 174 , 176

illustration of, 177

obstetric uses of, 174

Ergotism, 171 , 174 -179, 204

"Ethereal matter," existence of posited by Homberg, 162 , 163

Exchange, scholarly, 180 , 198 , 201 -203, 205

Anglo-French, 202 -203

of ideas and of data, 217

limits on, 198 , 200 -201, 215 -217

methods of, 196 , 198 , 199 , 211 , 215 , 217

between scientific societies, 205

as struggle between contestants, 215 -216.

See also Académie royale des sciences; Correspondence

Expeditions, scientific, 32 , 34 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 58 , 107 , 209 , 293 n.25, 333 n.75.

See also Jesuits

Experiments, 119 , 210 , 211 .

See also Ideals

—botanical, 142 , 149 , 153 , 160 -166

in air pump, 159 -166

models for, 119

relating to circulation of sap, 119 , 134 -135, 136 -137, 141 -142; role of, 146 , 225

— medical, 99 , 173 , 179

Explanation, 109 , 121 , 139 -142, 144

chemical, 67 , 118 , 127 , 129 -130, 138 -139, 141 , 142 , 145 -154, 225

of exceptions, 148

by "faculties" or souls, 131 , 150 , 164 , 312 -313 n.34

mechanistic, 67 , 95 , 118 , 125 -127, 129 -130, 134 , 131 , 137 , 138 , 139 -141, 145 -154, 225

by multiple causation, 141 , 142 , 145

by reduction, 120 , 121

teleological, 90 , 125 -126

and theology, 146 , 149

vitalist, 125 -126.

See also Analogical reasoning; Analogies; Corpuscularian and atomist theories