A

"Abdication" thesis, 164 n10.

See also Legislative dominance thesis

Administrative guidance, 7

Administrative officials (jimukan ). See Ministry of Construction: Public works bureaucrats, administrative officials

AEG Westinghouse, 152

Agriculture. See Farmers

Akita, George, 179 n12

Allinson, Gary, 173 n6

Amakudari ("descent from heaven"), 2 , 9 , 18 , 40 -41, 46 , 68 -78, 110 -111, 140 , 146 , 148 , 166 n6, 168 nn7,8, 169 nn10,11, 170 n12.

See also Civil service employment system; Institutional reform; Institutions; Public works bureaucrats, gilded promotion

Amano Kosei, 93 , 120 -121

Amsden, Alice, 5

Anchordoguy, Marie, 8

Antimonopoly law. See Antitrust

Antitrust, 46 -48, 125 -126, 138 , 139 , 148 , 166 n10

reform, 130 -132

Aoki Corporation, 32

Aoki Koyo, 171 n4

Apportionment, 99 -100, 174 n15.

See also Electoral institutions

Apter, David, 179 n9

Archer, J. C., 10

Arlacchi, Pino, 180 n18

Asami Takeo, 94

Asano Chiaki, 71 , 114 , 120

Asch, Peter, 166 n9

Aschworth, William, 14

Auerbach, Stuart, 26

Australia, electoral institutions, 97