C
Cain, Bruce, 88
Calder, Kent, 4 , 11 , 15 , 16 , 163 nn3,4, 164 n8, 167 n2
Campaign contributors, 10 -11, 13 , 47 -48, 90 , 91 -93, 95 -96, 97 -99, 109 , 113 -115, 118 -119, 133 , 173 n11.
See also Liberal Democratic Party, campaign financing
Campaign costs, 94 -96, 173 n11.
See also Liberal Democratic Party
Campaign finance law. See Electoral institutions, Political Funds Control Law
Campbell, John, 7 , 112 , 164 n8
Candidate endorsement. See Liberal Democratic Party, factions/factional lineages
Career politician, 2 , 3 , 82 -84, 171 n2.
See also Liberal Democratic Party, candidates' attributes
Caro, Robert, 11
Cartels. See Dango system
Cassese, Sabino, 57
Chida, Tomohei, 8
Chisaki Kogyo, 33
Chittiwatanapong, Prasert, 30
Christian Democratic Party (DC) (Italy), 56 -57, 83 , 90 , 101 , 141 , 142 , 143 -145
electoral dominance, 23 , 83 , 171 n1
factionalism, 104
"opening to the left" strategy, 180 n17
Chuma Tatsui, 110 -111
Chun, Doo Hwan, 151
Civil service employment system, 17 -18, 140
See also Amakudari ; Institutional reform; Institutions
Clark, Rodney, 164 n9
Clausen, Aage, 4 , 9 , 165 n11
"Clean hands" operation. See Mani Pulite operation
Clientelism, 2 , 3 , 9 -16, 105 -112, 129 , 133 -138, 145 .
See also Pork barrel politics
Clientelist state, 8 -16, 22 , 134 -138
policy tools, 9 -10.
See also Clientelism; Economic inefficiency; Developmental state; Dual political economy model; Particularism; Political corruption
Clinton Administration, 127 , 142 , 154
Collusive action, conditions, 28 , 36 -48
Constituency service, 84 , 85 , 88 , 90 , 95 , 102 , 111 , 123 , 133 , 136 , 173 n9
Constitutional Government Party (Kenseito), 115
Construction caucus. See Liberal Democratic Party, construction tribe
Construction contractors, 2 , 3 , 29 , 48 , 111 , 117 , 119 , 126 , 139
See also Construction industry
Construction Fellowship Society, 147
Construction friction (kensetsu masatsu ), 1 -2, 25 -26, 51 -52, 78 -82, 103 -104, 122 -132.
See also Major Projects Agreement; Structural Impediments Initiative; United States, trade friction with Japan; United States-Japan Construction Market Agreement
Construction industry, 9 , 15 , 20 , 47 , 136
campaign contributions, 11 , 13 , 47 -48, 82 -83, 89 -90, 92 , 93 , 95 , 114 , 117 , 119
construction costs, 14 , 48 , 166 n12
historical development, 33 -36
industry associations, 37 , 41 , 50 , 110 , 117 -122, 126 , 130 -131, 132 , 139 , 159 -161, 166 n8
organization, 37 , 41 , 43 , 132 , 139
overseas activities, 29 -30, 32 , 34 -36
size (number of firms and laborers), 29 -30, 132
subcontracting, 33
two-tier structure, 28 , 30 -33, 165 nn6,7
Western engineers, 34 .
See also Amakudari ; Campaign contributors; Construction contractors; Dango system; Liberal Democratic Party, campaign financing
Construction Machine (kensetsu masshin ), 76 -77, 170 n12.
See also Amakudari ; Liberal Democratic Party, candidates' attributes; Liberal Democratic Party, candidates' campaign costs; Public works bureaucrats
Construction market, 1 , 29 , 178 n7
"Ice age" of construction spending, 29 , 36 , 43 , 121
public works, spending, 15 , 126 -127, 129 , 177 n10, 178 n7
Construction Ministry. See Ministry of Construction; Public works bureaucrats
Construction tribe. See Liberal Democratic Party, construction tribe
Cox, Gary, 109
Craxi, Bettino, 145
Credit-claiming, 62 , 88 , 90 , 119 -122, 133 , 177 n12
Culturalist theories, 20 -21, 22 , 79 , 105 -107, 123 , 174 n2
Curtis, Gerald, 95 , 112 , 171 n3, 173 nn6,8, 174 nn13,2, 179 n10
Cutts, Robert, 165 n2