1. Charles Baudelaire, "Les Phares," Flowers of Evil and Other Works (New York: Bantam, 1964). Translation by Wallace Fowlie.

2. For an interesting discussion, see Eileen Souffrin-Le Breton's "Banville et la poétique du décor," in French 19th-Century Painting and Literature, Ulrich Finke, ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1972).