V

Valerius Maximus:

Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri novem , 8 , 218

Valois dynasty, 6 , 13 , 94 , 101 , 303 , 305 . See also names of rulers

Vanity (vice), 90

Vaudetar, Jean de, 45 , 49

verbal aids, 234 . See also readers' aids

vernacular:

development of, 3 ;

as instrument of abstract thought, 60 ;

limitations of, 25 –26;

preferred to Latin, 3 , 5 , 279 ;

rise to authoritative status, 25 , 29 , 204

vices, as lower-class male figures, 65 –66

Vienna:

National Library, cod. 2592, 368 n.23

Vincent of Beauvais, 40 , 126 ;

De eruditione filiorum nobilium , 8 ;

Epître consolatoire , 9

Virgil, Georgics , 280 , 287

Virgin Mary, 171 ;

cult of, 101 ;

Justice and, 103

virtue:

Aristotelian concept of, 60 ;

as mean, 80 , 227 –28;

Oresme's definition of, 60 –63;

perfect, 68 , 93 , 99

Virtue (personification allegory), Pl. 2 , 62 –65 , 139 ;

and Her Companions, in MS C , 69 –71;

as mean, 65 –67, 70 –71;

as nun, 70 ;

as queen, 63 , 66

virtues, 367 n.7;

associated with ideal ruler, 89 ;

cardinal, 60 ;

as daughters of Justice, 109 , 114 ;

in everyday life, 88 ;

intellectual, 117 –19;

pairing of, 75 –78;

traditional iconography of, 78 ;

and vices, 181 , 196 .

See also names of virtues

Virtues, 110

Virtuous Man (Le Vertueus), 136 , 138 –40, 147

virtuous person, 141

Visconti, Galeazzo, 4

visual definitions, 42 –44, 73 –80, 148 –52, 184 , 231 , 235

visual metaphors, 135

visual riddles, 128 , 130 , 159 , 219

vita activa. See active life

vita contemplativa. See contemplative life

Les voies de Dieu (Elizabeth of Hungary), translation by Jacques Bauchant, 8

voluntary poverty of clergy, Oresme's discussion of, 207

vultus trifrons , 127 –28