P

Panofsky, Erwin, 42 , 67 , 128 , 204 , 244 ;

"Hercules Prodicius," 131

papacy, and royal sovereignty, 260

paradigms, 191 , 221 ;

architectural settings in, 236 , 262 ;

attributes in, 263 –65;

contrast in, 236 ;

costume in, 193 , 227 , 237 , 263 –65;

demarcation in, 262 ;

gesture in, 193 –94, 237 , 263 ;

grouping in, 193 , 227 ;

hierarchy of value in, 192 ;

paradigms

narrative elements in, 236 ;

number of figures in, 227 ;

organizing principles in, 192 ;

parallelism in, 236 ;

position in, 192 , 227 , 262 –63;

as representational mode, 183 ;

scale in, 263 ;

unifying elements in, 262

paradox, posed by Oresme, 251 –52. See also visual riddles

Paris:

Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal, MS 2247, 334 n.45;

Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal, MS 2668, 343 n.20;

Bibliothèque Mazarine, MS lat. 1290, 391 n.13;

Bibliothèque Nationale, manuscript of Politiques, 213 ;

Bibliothèque Nationale, manuscript of Yconomique, 292 , 300 ;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS fr. 175, 336 n.61;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS fr. 437, 335 nn.55–56;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS fr. 938, 367 n.9;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS fr. 1348, 340 n.33;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS fr. 1350, 341 nn.41–42;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS fr. 2813, 336 n.63;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS fr. 9749, 379 n.30;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS fr. 14939, 347 n.77, 367 n.10;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS fr. 22912–13, 334 n.41, 345 n.46;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS fr. 24287, 357 n.19;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS lat. 266, 365 n.57;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS lat. 3893, 391 n.13;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS lat. 8318, 354 n.27;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS lat. 10843, 348 n.78;

Bibliothèque Nationale, MS nouv. acq. lat. 2508, 392 n.16;

Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, MS 777, 336 n.65, 379 n.29

Parkes, Malcolm, 24

Particular Justice (Justice particulière) (personification allegory), Pl. 3 , 95 , 96–97 , 98 , 104 –8

patronage:

political implications of, 5 –6;

royal, 279 ;

of translators, 3 –5

patrons, 24 , 31 . See also names of patrons

peasants. See agricultural workers

Pélerin de Prusse (astrologer), 17 , 18 , 20 , 21 , 341 n.41

Periander/Tarquin tale, Pl. 9 , 210–211, 213 , 218 –20

personification allegories, 42 , 131 , 141 , 146 , 152 –53, 228 . See also names of personification allegories

personifications, 131 ;

architecture in, 114 ;

and attributes, 42 ;

costume in, 42 , 66 , 70 , 75 , 80 –81, 90 , 104 , 147 , 153 ;

depersonalization in, 111 ;

in Ethiques , 42 ;

extratextual allusions in, 80 –82, 123 ;

gender in, 59 , 73 , 75 , 81 , 83 , 90 , 107 –8, 115 , 120 , 126 , 148 , 151 , 171 –72;

gesture in, 66 , 107 , 129 , 147 , 171 ;

grouping of, 123 ;

iconographic types for, 130 ;

interpretation of, 42 ;

movement in, 80 , 120 , 147 ;

objects in, 153 –57;

pose in, 107 , 122 , 129 , 151 , 171 ;

position in, 66 , 80 , 83 , 98 , 123 –24;

scale in, 66 , 98 , 125 , 129 , 150 , 169 ;

size in, 114 , 123 , 129 , 147 , 151 .

See also names of personifications

Peter of Auvergne, 178

Peter of Crescenzi, Duodecim libri ruralium commodorum , 9 , 280

Petrarch, 4 , 306 ;

and Charles V, 11 ;

De remediis utriusque fortunae , 8

Phaleas of Chalcedon, 199 , 200, 202 , 205

Philip III, 143 , 348 n.77

Philip IV, as patron, 4 , 51 , 94

Philip V, as patron, 386 n.32

Philip VI, 13 , 24

Philippe de Vitry, Ars nova , 279

philosophical wisdom, pursuit of, 165

Philosophical Wisdom (Sapience) (personification), Pl. 4 , 118 , 121 –23, 124 , 129 –30, 171 , 364 n.29;

iconography of, 166

Philosophy (personification) and her daughters, 99

Pierre de Hangest (translator):

Homilies (Gregory the Great), 7 ;

Traité de l'âme (Hugh of St. Victor), 7

Pisa:

Biblioteca del Seminario, MS 124, 342 n.11

Pisano, Giovanni, pulpits (Pistoia and Pisa), 129

Pistoia, cathedral, 128

Plato, 199 , 200, 202 ;

Laws , 216 ;

Republic , 205 , 216 ;

Timaeus , 205

Plato of Tivoli (Latin translator), Quadripartitum (Ptolemy), 19

Pliny, Natural History , 280

Poitiers, battle of, 13 , 162 , 220

Policraticus (John of Salisbury), 93 –94, 216 , 266 ;

quoted, 94

Policratique, Le (John of Salisbury), translation by Denis Foulechat, 8 , 38 , 39 , 335 n.54, 337 n.19

politics:

aspects of, 365 n.42;

importance to rulers, 18 , 54 , 177

Politics (Aristotle), xxi , 14 , 25 , 177 ;

commentaries on, 178 ;

Latin translation by William of Moerbeke, 25 , 178 –79, 373 n.8;

Oresme's view of, 37 ;

quoted, 214 , 216 , 375 n.23, 383 n.18.

See also Politiques

Politiques (Aristotle), translation by Oresme, xxi , 8 , 25 , 31 , 177 , 180 –82, 297 –98, 340 n.37;

audience of, 54 ;

Book VI illustrations, 286 , 291 ;

commentaries in, 179 ;

commentary, quoted, 386 n.32;

date of, 152 , 178 ;

didacticism of illustration program, 182 ;

gloss, quoted, 234 , 247 –49, 252 , 277 , 385 n.19;

glossaries and indexes in,

245 n.42;

glossaries in, 27 , 179 , 182 ;

glossary, quoted, 190 , 224 , 235 , 245 , 260 , 286 , 387 n.8;

glosses and commentaries in, 29 –30, 260 ;

illustrations in, Pls. 7 –11, 182, 186 –89, 191 , 200 –202, 210 –11, 213 , 222 –23, 232 –33, 242 –43, 254 –55, 270 –71 ;

index, 23 , 27 –28, 179 , 225 –26;

index, quoted, 216 , 225 , 274 –76;

influence of, 196 ;

instructions to reader, 196 ;

links to Ethiques , 180 , 227 –28;

manner of reading, 39 –42;

manuscripts of, 39 ;

Oresme's copy of, 370 n.14;

prologue, 22 , 28 , 37 ;

prologue, quoted, 6 , 177 , 181 ;

quoted, 203 , 212 , 215 , 234 , 237 , 244 –47, 256 –61, 273 –74, 375 n.20, 376 n.11, 378 n.10, 381 n.23;

readers of, 37 –39;

redactions of, 178 .

See also MS B ; MS D

polity, Aristotelian concept of, 224 –25, 229

Polity. See Timocracy

poor class. See agricultural workers

Poor Class (paradigm), Pl. 10 , 222–23 , 226 , 264

Porter, Vicki, 353 n.11

portraits, 204 –7;

age in, 204 ;

costume in, 204 ;

gender in, 207 ;

gesture in, 204 ;

of philosophers, 199 .

See also dedication portraits

Practical Wisdom. See Prudence

prefaces. See prologues

Primat (translator), 3

Princeton Index of Christian Art, 364 n.35, 365 n.44

Prodigality (personification), 86 , 91

profile view, in gestural code, 236

prologues:

by Bersuire (Livy, History of Rome) , 5 ;

by Oresme, xxi –xxii, 6 , 9 , 19 –20, 28 –29;

of vernacular translations, 8 , 10

proportion:

among members of body politic, 228 –29;

Aristotelian concept of, 32 , 217 ;

Oresme's discussions of, 217 ;

rule of, 104 –5, 215

Propriétés des choses (Bartholomaeus Anglicus), translation by Jean Corbechon, 8

prudence, Aristotelian view of, 127

Prudence (personification), 119 , 121 , 124 , 127 –28, 354 n.21, 364 n.29, 365 n.42

Prudentius, Psychomachia , 355 n.15

Psalter of Bonne of Luxembourg, 128

pseudo-Aristotle, Economics , xxi . See also Yconomique

Psychomachia (Prudentius), 355 n.15, 367 n.7

Ptolemy, Quadripartitum , 6 , 18 –19

punishment, symbols of, 106