1. Gertrud Koch, "Ex-Changing the Gaze: Re-Visioning Feminist Film Theory," New German Critique 34 (Winter 1985):142.

2. Dan Walworth, "A Partial Report from the 34th International Berlin Film Festival," Millennium Film Journal 14/15 (Fall/Winter 1984-1985):169.

3. Ulrich Greiner, "Achtung Liebe! Vorsicht Kino!" Die Zeit , 2 March 1984.

4. Wolfram Schütte, ed., Klassenverhältnisse. Von Danièle Huillet und Jean-Marie Straub nach dem Amerika-Roman "Der Verschollene" von Franz Kafka (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1984).

5. Walworth, "A Partial Report," 170.

6. "Wie will ich lustig lachen, wenn alles durcheinandergeht" [Interview with Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub on Class Relations ], Filmkritik 9/10 (1984):278.

7. "Wie will ich lustig lachen," 276.

8. Koch, "Ex-Changing the Gaze," 143-144.

9. Klaus Ramm, Reduktion als Erzählprinzip bei Kafka (Frankfurt: Athenäum, 1971).

10. See Teresa de Lauretis, Alice Doesn't: Feminism, Semiotics, Cinema (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984), 103-157.

11. Franz Kafka, "The Judgment," in The Basic Kafka (New York: Washington Square Press, 1979), 54-66.

12. de Lauretis, Alice Doesn't , 60.

13. Ibid., 62.

14. Ibid., 63.

15. Franz Kafka, Tagebücher 1910-1923 (New York: Schocken, 1949), 535.

16. Franz Kafka, Amerika (Frankfurt: Fischer, 1973), 12.

17. Ibid., 16.

18. Wolfram Schütte, "Arbeit, Gerechtigkeit, Liebe," Frankfurter Rundschau , 24 February 1984.

19. "Narrative space" is a concept developed by Stephen Heath. It describes the way in which narrative cinema leads viewers to construct a unified sense of space out of the fragments offered by the shots of a film. Common devices employed are establishing shots, point-of-view shots, reverse angle shots, and eye-line matches. For a fuller explanation, see Heath, "Narrative Space," Screen 17, no. 3 (Autumn 1976):68-112.

20. Citations from the subtitles refer to Class Relations , distributed in the United States by New Yorker Films.

21. Kafka, Amerika , 30.

22. Helmuth Karesek, "Niemandsland Amerika," Der Spiegel 38 (27 February 1984):181-184; Kristie A. Foell, "The Lyrical as Opposition in Straub/Huillet's Film Version of Kafka's Amerika, " Journal of the Kafka Society of America 17, no. 2 (December 1993):8.

23. de Lauretis, Alice Doesn't , 68.

24. Koch, ''Ex-Changing the Gaze," 144-145, 148.

25. Helge Heberle and Monika Funke Stern, "Das Feuer im Innern des Berges" [Interview with Danièle Huillet], Frauen und Film 32 (June 1982):9.

26. Koch, "Ex-Changing the Gaze," 151.

27. de Lauretis, Alice Doesn't , 63.