One King, One Faith "d0e22054"

INDEX

A

Absolutism:

checks on, 63 -65, 78 ;

Du Vair on, 344 , 345 ;

of French monarchy, 59 , 60 , 418 ;

L'Hôpital's view of, 312 ;

parlementaire views on, 327 , 469 ;

public opinion on, 472

Acarie, Jean, 279

Acharnés , 183 ;

division with moderates, 208 ;

hard-core, 218 ;

Lizet's leadership of, 194 , 476

Act of Supremacy (England, 1534), 204

Adultery, punishment for, 145 , 236

Aerssen, François d', 443 -44, 445 , 449

L'affaire Brisson (1591), 389 -93, 407 ;

Du Vair on, 408 ;

punishment for, 439

L'affaire de la rue St-Jacques (1557), 184 , 232 ;

arrests in, 254

L'affaire des placards (1534), 16 , 173 , 181 , 191 ;

effect on parlementaires, 475 ;

François I in, 204

Aides (tax), exemption from, 52

Aix, Parlement of, 211 , 213

Alava, Don Francis, 302 , 303

Alberti, Leon-Battista, 134

Albigensians, 237 , 253 ;

crusade, 162

Alciato, Andrea, 27 , 99

Alençon, duc d'. See Franéois, duc d'Alençon

Almanacs, 102 , 142

Alter, J. V., 155 , 158

Amboise, cardinal d', 9 , 15

Amboise, François d', poetry of, 107

Amiens:

elite of, 130 ;

parlementaires from, 43

Andelot, François d', 232

Anglicanism, 173

Anjorrant, Claude, 48 , 218 ;

in negotiations with Condé, 280

Anjou, Henri d'. See Henri III (king of France)

Anjou, heresy in, 211

Annates, restoration of, 178

Anne de Beaujeu:

entry into Paris, 76 ;

regency of, 43 , 76

Anne de Bretagne, 9 , 45

Antiquity, parlementaire interest in, 105 , 106

Antoine de Bourbon (king of Navarre):

affiliation with ultras, 264 ;

command of royal armies, 279 ;

and Conspiracy of Amboise, 243 ;

death of, 275 ;

expulsion of Protestants, 281 ;

expulsion of Triumvirs, 277 ;

as lieutenant général of France, 250 , 278 ;

protection of Protestants, 232 , 239 ;

religious views of, 249 , 264 , 275 ;

role in Edict of July, 292

L'appel comme d'abus , 90 , 199 , 346 ;

in Berquin case, 202 ;

use against papacy, 459

Arande, Michel d', 190

Arbalaste family, 43

Archives Nationales, inventories of private libraries, 98

Ariès, Philippe, 122 , 150

Aristotle, 340 , 437

Armada, defeat of, 366 -67

Armitage, Isabella, 484

Arnauld, Antoine, 470 ;

career of, 35 -36;

La Justice aux pieds du Roy , 36

Arrêt des luthériens , 211

― 510 ―

Arrêts , 3 ;

collections of, 99 , 153 ;

of Parlement of Paris, 65 , 211 , 213 , 215

Assassination, Pasquier on, 373

Asses, Claude de, 211

Athanasian Creed, 245

Aubigné, Agrippa d', 118 -19

Aubray, Claude d', 420 -21, 422 ;

in Satyre Ménippée , 427 , 428 -29

Aubry (curé of St-André), 396 , 399 , 404 ;

assassination plots by, 414 ;

attack on wives of présidents, 424 ;

on Spanish troops, 405 ;

on succession of Henri IV, 410

Auger, Edmond, 347

Augustine, Saint, 171

Augustus (emperor of Rome), 66 , 448

Auneau, victory of, 351 , 352 , 354

Aurelius, Marcus, 114

Autos-da-fé: of 1546, 212 ;

of 1549, 215

Autun, merchants of, 130

Auvergnat faction, 43 , 45

Ayrault, Pierre, 33 , 372 ;

De la puissance paternelle , 122

B

Baïf, Jean-Antoine de, 107

Baillages , jurisdiction of, 224

Baillet, René, 13 , 284 ;

career of, 16 -17;

and Edict of January, 267 ;

embassy to Condé, 276 ;

at mercuriale of June (1559), 237 ;

in negotiations with Condé, 279 ;

and profession of faith, 291 ;

religious views of, 238 n;

on royal commissions, 48

Baillet, Thibault: death of, 177 , 178 , 181 ;

defense of constitutionalism, 406 ;

defense of Gallicanism, 164 ;

defense of tradition, 13 ;

diplomatic missions of, 49 ;

leadership of mainstream, 195 ;

opposition to Concordat of Bologna, 77 , 178 ;

on parlementaire ideals, 134 ;

as président, 12 ;

work on customary law, 48

Baillet family, 17

Baillon, Anne de, 39

Bailly, 402

Banishment: billets of, 421 n, 432 n;

by Henri IV, 438 -39;

of heretics, 216 , 217

Barbançon family, 258

Barbaro, Marc'Antonio, 284 , 294 n;

on Pacification of Amboise, 286 ;

on ultra party, 293

Barberini, Maffeo, 455 , 456

Barbiche, Bernard, 3

Barjot, Jean, 218

Barnavi, Élie, 341 , 464 ;

on l'affaire Brisson, 391 , 392 ;

on bourgeoisie, 339 , 461 ;

on Bussy-Leclerc, 340 ;

on Estates of the League, 403 ;

on Henri IV's banishments, 438 ;

on Henri IV's succession, 382 ;

on jusqu'au-boutistes , 419 ;

on ligueurs , 340 , 462 ;

on Sixteen, 386 , 389

Barrière, Pierre, 414

Basoche , marriage among, 54

Bastille:

parlementaires in, 376 ;

surrender to Henri IV, 433 ;

takeover by League, 363

Baston, 438

Baude, Henri, "Testament de la Merle Barbeau, ", 156

Baudouin, François, 27 ;

students of, 96

Baumgartner, Frederic, 419

Beame, Edmond, 327 -28

Béarnais, Jeanne. See Jeanne d'Albret (consort of Antoine de Bourbon)

Beaune, Jacques de (sieur de Samblançay), 45 ;

trial of, 10

Beaune, merchants of, 130

Beaune, Renaud de (archbishop of Bourges):

patronage of Le Caron, 32 ;

support of Henri IV, 353 n

Beaune, René (archbishop of Sens), 152

Beaune family:

humanist education of, 96 ;

immigration to Paris, 44

Béda, Noël: opposition to heresy, 193 , 216

Begat, Jean, 287

Beggars:

increase in, 342 ;

punishment of, 133

Belin, François Faudoas (comte de), 399 , 420 , 421 ;

banishment of, 422 , 423

Bellanger, Jacques de, 447

Belleforest, François de, 107

Bellièvre, Pomponne de, 34 n;

career of, 33 -34, 36 ;

dismissal by Henri III, 367 ;

and Trent decrees, 451 , 452 , 453

Belon, Françoise de, 27 , 124

Benefices:

access of robins to, 52 ;

of Antoine Duprat, 178 , 180 , 195 , 200 ;

under Concordat of Bologna, 178 ;

Council of Trent on, 298 ;

Diefendorf on, 47 ;

of Guise faction, 280 ;

Henri II's sale of, 224 ;

of laymen, 47 ;

plurality of, 346 ;

possession by magistrates, 47 -48;

under Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, 178 , 179 ;

reform of, 200

Beneficio Christi , 152

Benson, Edward, 120 n, 125

― 511 ―

Bergeron, Nicolas, 29

Bernard, Auguste, 402

Béroald, Matthieu, 171

Béroald family, 38

Berquin, Louis de, 14 , 244 ;

arrest of, 194 , 199 ;

execution of, 203 , 208 , 475 ;

François's protection of, 281 , 191 , 194 , 199 -200;

heresy trial of, 180 -81, 193 ;

possession of banned books, 194 ;

release of, 202

Berquin case (1522-23), 176 , 177 , 280 -81, 199 -200;

effect on Parlement, 461 , 475 ;

Lizet in, 193 , 194 , 215 ;

papal commission on, 202 -3

Berruyer (lawyer), book collection of, 99

Bertrand, Jean, 28 ;

as garde des sceaux , 221 ;

as président, 46 , 183 , 184 , 221 , 222 ;

venality of, 215

Bérulle, Cardinal, 480

Béthune, Maximillien de (duc de Sully), 451

Béthune, Philippe de, 454

Bettinson, Christopher:

on Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 327 ;

on politiques , 326 , 403

Bèze, Théodore de, 234 ;

performance of Protestant services, 258 ;

on Trent decrees, 302 .

Works: Droit des magistrats , 62 , 63 ;

Vindiciae contra tyrannos , 111

Bibliothèque de la société de l'histoire du protestantisme français, 3 , 201 n

Billets of banishment: of duc de Mayenne, 421 n;

of Henri IV, 432 n

Birague family, 44

Biron, Charles de Gontaut (sieur de), 141 -42, 359

Bishops, French:

on Bull of Gregory XIV, 397 ;

defense of Gallicanism, 460 ;

at Fontainebleau council, 242 ;

loss of sees, 301 ;

royal nomination of, 178

Bitton, Davis, 50

Blanchard, François, 13 , 468 ;

on Charles Guillart, 14 ;

on Christophe de Harlay, 22 ;

on Christophe de Thou, 23 ;

on François Olivier, 18 ;

on Pierre (I) Séguier, 21 ;

on René Baillet, 16 -17

Blasphemy, 172 , 217 ;

edicts against, 213 ;

parlementaire commission on, 196 -99;

punishment for, 236 . See also Heresy

Bloch, Marc, 163

Blois, heresy in, 213

Bodin, Jean:

on absolutism, 312 ;

on crime, 144 ;

on indivisibility of sovereignty, 121 ;

political theory of, 60 , 78 , 93 , 464 .

Works: Methodus , 313 ;

Republic , 78 , 148

Bohier, Nicholas, 45

Bohier family, 45

Bologna, law school of, 98

Bon catholique françois , ideal of, 411 n, 421 -22, 466

Bonete, Robert, 214 ;

in negotiations with Condé, 280 ;

in trial of parlementaires, 237

Boniface VIII (pope), 91 , 161

Bonvalet family, 43

Books, banned, 180 , 204 ;

Berquin's possession of, 194 ;

burning of, 194 , 211 , 282 , 287 ;

by Henri IV, 433 ;

parlementaire ruling on, 200 ;

by Sorbonne, 182 , 189 , 194 , 209

Books, collection by robins , 99 , 103 n

Bordeaux: Parlement of, 8 , 30 ;

Protestants in, 219

Bordier, Henri, 201 n, 202 n

Bouchard, Jean, 137 ;

anti-royalism of, 193

Boucher, Jacqueline, 313 , 314

Boucher (preacher), 388 -89, 396 ;

on Semmoneux , 400

Boucherat, Edmond, 303

Boulard, Pierre, 267 n

Bourbon, Antoine de. See Antoine de Bourbon (king of Navarre)

Bourbon, cardinal de. See Charles, cardinal de Bourbon

Bourbon, house of, 428

Bourdeille, Pierre de (sieur de Brantôme), 18 , 127 , 467

Bourdin, Gilles, 107 , 235 , 250 , 282 -83;

affiliation with ultras, 277 ;

and Edict of January, 269 ;

at Fontainebleau consultations, 303 , 305 ;

in negotiations with Condé, 280 ;

protest of religious unrest, 250

Bourgeois, Guillaume, 203

Bourgeoisie:

hierarchy within, 339 , 461 -62;

parlementaire origins in, 461

Bourgeoisie, Parisian:

aid to crown, 9 ;

aid to League, 341 ;

in Mayenniste faction, 340

Bourgeon, Jean-Louis, 318 -19, 321 ;

on L'Estoile, 484

Bourgoing, Guillaume, 99 , 211 ;

in Chambre Ardente, 218

― 512 ―

Boutin, Déode, 268 n

Bouwsma, William J., 167 , 456 ;

on role of lawyers, 474 -75

Brachet, Marie, 126

Brachet, Nicolas, 198

Brachet family, 44

Brantôme, Pierre de Bourdeille (sieur de), 18 , 127 , 467

Bribart, François, 212

Briçonnet, Guillaume, 44 ;

correspondence with Marguerite d'Angoulême, 192 ;

François's protection of, 44 , 191 ;

humanism of, 95 ;

reforms of, 172 , 189 , 193

Briçonnet, Jean, 44

Briçonnet, Pierre, 44 , 96

Briçonnet family:

humanist education of, 96 ;

immigration to Paris, 44 ;

marriage connections of, 17 ;

royal patronage of, 8

Brigandage, 145

Brigard, Jean, 389

Brissac (governor of Paris), 422 , 429 ;

in Day of Barricades, 358 , 359 ;

Sixteen's appeal to, 430

Brissard, Jacques (II), 446 -47

Brisson, Barnabé:

arrest of, 389 ;

assassination of, 137 , 188 , 320 , 332 , 390 -91, 438 , 481 ;

avoidance of arrest, 375 ;

in Day of the Barricades, 361 ;

and Pasquier, 365 ;

as président of Parlement of the League, 376 , 388 ;

relations with Sixteen, 391 ;

in Trent decree debate, 346

Brittany, Parlement of, 16

Broadsides, printed, 101 ;

pornographic, 104

Brulart, Canon, 259 , 269

Brulart, Noël, 137 ;

anti-heresy activities of, 210 -11;

in Chambre Ardente, 218 ;

on commission to Catherine de Médicis, 269 ;

dismissal by Henri III, 367 ;

as procureur général , 230

Brulart, Pierre, 203

Brulart family, 45

Bryant, Lawrence, 75 -76

Budé, Guillaume, 56 , 195 ;

in Berquin case, 203 ;

Christian humanism of, 191 ;

diplomatic missions of, 49 ;

Institution du Prince , 110 ;

on Parlement, 87 ;

representation in book collections, 99 , 100 ;

studies of antiquity, 106 ;

Valois sponsorship of, 190

Burdelot, Jean, 255

Burdelot family, 44

Bureau de Ville:

age of marriage in, 54 ;

André Guillart in, 17 ;

careers within, 57 ;

de Thou on, 24 -25;

Du Drac family in, 21 ;

family alliances in, 55 ;

in First Civil War, 283 ;

merchants in, 46 ;

militia of, 278 , 313 , 420 -21;

moderates in, 391 ;

overlap with Parlement, 8 n;

parlementaires among, 42 ;

takeover by ligueurs , 363 , 389 ;

in Tumult of St-Médard, 259 ;

work with poor, 132 -33

Bureau Général des Pauvres, 132

Burguière, André, 121 n

Burgundians, 136 ;

in Parlement of Paris, 42

Burgundy:

heresy cases in, 217 ;

House of, 7 ;

under Pacification of Amboise, 286 -87;

robins of, 461 ;

surrender to Charles V, 199

Bussy-le-Clerc (Jean Leclerc), 40 , 340 ;

arrest of Brisson, 389 ;

arrest of parlementaires, 375 -76, 462 ;

banishment of, 392 ;

in Day of the Barricades, 359 -60;

recruitment of Nicolas Poulain, 356 ;

takeover of Bastille, 363

C

Cajetan, Cardinal, 387

Calvin, John, 182 ;

and Antoine de Bourbon, 249 ;

burning of works, 211 ;

and conversion of nobility, 239 ;

at Geneva, 204 ;

and Guillaume Farel, 173 , 193 ;

Institutes of the Christian Religion , 172 , 210 ;

legal education of, 473 ;

on Nicodemites, 166 -67;

on reformed churches, 214

Calvinism, 25 , 108 , 109 ;

effect of Edict of July on, 256 ;

growth in France, 228 ;

under Henri II, 214 ;

regional, 261 ;

in Scotland, 227

Capet, Hugh, 406 n

Cappel, Jacques, 72 , 480 ;

defense of Parlement, 74 -75

Carolingian family, 162

Castelli, Giambattista (bishop of Rimini), 346 , 347 , 349

Castres, Protestant assemblies in, 262

Catherine de Médicis:

advisers of, 242 , 243 , 250 ;

aid to André Guillart, 313 ;

aid to duc de Nevers, 341 ;

ban on preaching, 308 ;

convocation of assembly at St-Germain, 262 -63;

convocation of pourparler de Paris , 255 -56;

court of, 126 -27;

in Day of the Barricades, 359 , 362 n;

death of, 278 ;

and Diane de Poitiers, 238 ;

and

― 513 ―

duc de Guise, 363 ;

ecclesiastical reform proposals of, 299 -30;

edict of April 19 (1561), 251 -54;

factions in court of, 84 , 186 , 250 , 275 ;

and Fontainebleau council, 242 , 307 ;

marriage to Henri II, 205 ;

negotiations with Condè, 271 , 277 -78, 283 ;

opposition to Guise faction, 242 ;

and Pacification of Amboise, 286 ;

parlementaire commission to, 267 -68, 269 ;

patronage of André Guillart, 18 ;

patronage of Du Vair family, 37 ;

patronage of L'Hôpital, 240 ;

patronage of Louis Le Caron, 32 ;

patronage of Paul de Foix, 245 ;

patronage of René Baillet, 16 ;

on Protestant right of assembly, 258 -59;

Protestants serving, 232 ;

and publication of Edict of January, 267 ;

regency of, 176 , 223 , 243 -44;

relations with Parlement, 176 , 223 , 244 , 277 , 289 ;

relations with Philip II, 302 -3;

religious toleration policy of, 23 , 175 , 240 , 249 -58, 275 -76, 287 , 300 , 309 , 326 ;

service of Italians to, 43 -44, 322 ;

tour de France , 307 -8

Catholic Church:

challenges to tradition of, 172 -75;

influence on French culture, 162 -64;

primitive, 165 , 170 , 230 , 247 ;

role in French nationalism, 162 ;

role of lawyers in, 474

Catholic Church, Gallican:

administrative autonomy of, 67 , 88 ;

challenges to tradition of, 172 -75;

effect of Council of Trent on, 183 , 184 , 222 , 228 , 299 , 300 -301, 304 , 369 ;

response to Counter-Reformation, 346 -52;

threat of League to, 175 . See also Gallicanism

Catholicity, law of, 62

Celibacy, 124 ;

Lutheran attacks on, 189 ;

royal dispensation from, 81

Ceremonies, of ancien regime, 52 ;

paraphernalia of, 72 ;

processions, 75 -76

Châlons: merchants of, 130 .

See also Parlement of Châlons

Chambon, Eustache, 252 , 265 , 267 n;

in negotiations with Condé, 280

Chambon, Jacquelot, 265

Chambre Ardente, 214 -19;

constitutionality of, 183 , 211 ;

establishment of, 19 , 49 , 182 , 214 -15;

Lizet's role in, 194 , 479 ;

members of, 211 , 218 ;

parlementaire opposition to, 221 -22;

reaction to, 219 -22;

termination of, 177 , 222 , 225 ;

torture in, 216 , 217

Chambre de Justice (Guyenne), 30

Chambre des Comptes, 241 , 345 ;

marriage ties in, 120 ;

Pasquier in, 27 ;

reinstatement by Henri IV, 435 ;

support of Henri IV, 400

Chambre des Luthériens, 221

Chambre des Monnaies, 28

Chambre des Requêtes, François I's additions to, 41

Chambres des Enquêtes:

clerics in, 81 ;

creation of, 10 ;

François I's additions to, 41 ;

protest to Henri III, 209 ;

in succession debates, 407 -9

Chambres mi-parties , 118 , 260 n, 324 ;

Jacques II Cappel in, 480

Champagne, parlementaires from, 42

Chantonnay, Perrenot de, 254 , 255 n;

on Jeanne d'Albret, 256 ;

recall to Spain, 302 -3;

on religious unrest, 270

Charity, prohibitions against, 133

Charlemagne, 162 , 306

Charles, cardinal de Bourbon, 231 -32, 270 ;

in assembly of St-Germain, 263 ;

declaration as king, 386 ;

and Henri IV, 395 -96;

and Pacification of Amboise, 285 ;

support of Henri III's edicts, 345

Charles, cardinal de Lorraine, 227 ;

at Council of Trent, 299 ;

and Diane de Poitiers, 220 ;

on heresy, 213 ;

leadership of Guise faction, 231 ;

patronage of Christophe de Thou, 23 ;

patronage of L'Hôpital, 301 ;

pressure on Parlement, 230 ;

role in Edict of July, 292 , 293 ;

in Satyre Ménippée , 428 ;

on Trent decrees, 301

Charles V (Holy Roman emperor):

abdication of, 226 ;

capture of Burgundy, 199 ;

capture of Pope Clement, 201 ;

and François I, 10 , 17 , 92 , 182 , 205 ;

war with Henri II, 223

Charles VI (king of France), 75

Charles VII (king of France), expansion of royal domain, 43

Charles VIII (king of France):

entry into Paris, 76 ;

Parlement under, 8

Charles IX (king of France):

conflict with Henri III, 321 ;

conflict with Parlement, 318 -20;

coronation of, 255 ;

and Council of Trent, 301 ;

and Edict of January, 266 ;

edicts of pacification, 32 ;

entry into Paris, 76 ;

fiscal edicts of, 342 n;

majority struggle of, 23 n, 87 , 243 n, 294 n, 295 -98, 300 , 311 ;

and Massacre of St. Bartrolo-

― 514 ―

Charles IX (continued )

mew, 317 , 320 ;

minority of, 84 -85, 243 , 249 ;

tutors of, 251 , 259 ;

visit to Parlement, 294 -95

Charles de Bourbon (constable of France):

in Sack of Rome, 201 ;

Thibault Baillet's opposition to, 77

Charlet, Étienne, 255 , 290

Charron, Pierre, 111

Chartier, Matthieu, 38 , 137 , 392 ;

as "unreliable," 290

Chartres, Henri IV's siege of, 389

Chasseneuz, Barthélemy, 64 , 99

Châtelet, procureurs of, 342 -43

Châtillon, Odet Coligny (cardinal de). See Coligny, Odet (cardinal de Châtillon)

Châtillon faction, 18 , 231 , 274

Chevalier, Nicolas, 218

Cheverny, Philippe Hurault de, 56 , 344 ;

dismissal of, 367 ;

on Henri III, 372

Children, parlementaire attitudes toward, 122

Choppin, René, 33

Chrétien, Florent, 428 n

Church, French. See Catholic Church, Gallican

Church, William F., 60 , 61 , 64 ;

on monarchy, 66 ;

on role of law, 94

Cicero, Marcus Tullius:

admiration for, 110 , 111 , 471

Civil War, First, 184 , 314 ;

Bureau de Ville in, 283 ;

division of parlementaires during, 288 ;

in Midi, 283 ;

military events of, 282 ;

outbreak of, 226 ;

peace negotiations for, 284 .

See also Pacification of Amboise

———, Second: Condé in, 313

———, Third: Huguenot strength in, 315 , 320 ;

leadership of, 315 ;

Odet de Coligny in, 231 n, 315

———, Fourth, 321

———, Fifth, 323 ;

capture of towns in, 324

Civil Wars, politiques during, 328 .

See also Wars of Religion

Clark, Henry, 472

Class: effect on political alignment, 419 ;

importance in robin society, 129 ;

in Paris League, 340 ;

role in religious differences, 228 , 262

Classical literature:

book collections of, 99 -100;

in history of Gaillard, 113 ;

in L'Estoile's library, 103 n;

revival of, 95 , 473

Clemency, of parlementaires, 147 -48, 217

Clément, Jacques, 380

Clement VII (pope):

capture by Charles V, 200 ;

and marriage of Catherine de Médicis, 205

Clement VIII (pope):

and absolution of Henri IV, 414 -15, 441 -43, 451 ;

promulgation of Trent decrees, 451 , 454

Clerics: humanism of, 95 ;

lay jurisdiction over, 460 ;

libraries of, 99 ;

marriage of, 299 ;

in Mémoires-Journaux , 350 , 351 ;

in Parlement, 15 , 35 , 41 , 47 -48, 57 , 80 -81.

See also Curés, Parisian; Preachers

Clientage:

modification of, 274 ;

of parlementaires, 121 , 229 , 462 ;

stereotypes of, 23 n

Clutin, Henri de (sieur d'Oysel), 301

Clutin, Pierre, 197

Cocquelay, Lazare, 446 , 448 , 449 n

Coeur, Jacques, 44

Cognac, heresy in, 217 , 219

Coin collections, 102

Coligny, Gaspard de (Admiral), 232 ;

assassination of, 317 ;

conversion of, 250 ;

at Fontainebleau council, 242 ;

at pourparler de Paris , 256 ;

in Third Civil War, 315

Coligny, Odet (cardinal de Châtillon), 231 , 255 , 292 ;

conversion of, 250 -51;

death of, 316 ;

at Fontainebleau council, 242 ;

mission to England, 316 n;

in Third Civil War, 231 n, 315

College of Cardinals, liberal faction of, 182 , 183 , 205 , 210

Collèges , 96 , 97

Colloquy of Marburg (1529), 204

Colloquy of Poissy (1561), 257 , 276 , 293

Commolet, 404

Commynes, Philippe de, 43 , 113

Conciergerie (Paris):

detainment in, 148 ;

heretics in, 217 , 364 ;

registers of prisoners, 313

Concordat of Bologna (1516), 10 ;

benefices under, 178 ;

copies of, 99 ;

ecclesiastical office under, 47 ;

effect on Gallicanism, 89 ;

Guillart's role in, 14 ;

Louise de Savoie's opposition to, 72 ;

parlementaire opposition to, 12 , 20 n, 67 , 90 , 137 , 164 , 176 , 177 -80, 195 , 319 , 476 -77;

and Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, 178 ;

registration of, 177 , 178 , 179 , 477 ;

Seyssel's role in, 15

Condé, Éléonore Roye (princess de), 284

Condé, Henri de. See Henri de Condé

― 515 ―

Condé, Louis (prince de), 255 ;

in Conseil Privé, 250 ;

and Conspiracy of Amboise, 275 , 476 ;

and conversion of nobility, 239 ;

followers m Picardy, 274 ;

leadership of Protestants, 249 , 250 ;

negotiations with Triumvirate, 279 -80;

negotiations with Catherine de Médicis, 271 , 277 -78, 283 ;

Parisian supporters of, 270 ;

relations with Parlement, 276 , 278 -82, 284 ;

release of, 276 ;

in Second Civil War, 313 ;

seizure of Orleans, 271 ;

sentence of, 249 ;

trial of, 16 , 21 , 243 , 275 -76

Confession of Augsburg (1530), 204 , 371

Conseil du Roi:

on Council of Trent, 301 ;

and majority of Charles IX, 297 ;

in negotiations with Condé, 278 ;

Parlement's opposition to, 221 ;

role in Edict of July, 278

Conseillers:

backgrounds of, 42 ;

clerical duties of, 81 ;

in Edict of Nantes debate, 448 n;

Harlay on, 143 ;

increase in numbers, 155 ;

salaries of, 50

Conseillers de ville, clerics among, 57

Conseil Privé André Guillart on, 17 ;

in assembly of St-Germain, 263 ;

of Henri IV, 451 , 452 -53

Conspiracy of Amboise, 18 , 239 , 240 , 242 , 326 ;

Bourbon complicity in, 243 , 275 , 476

Constitutionalism, French, 59 -60;

components of, 61 , 67 ;

Diefendorf on, 321 ;

L'Hôpital's stance on, 311 -12;

Parlement's championship of, 60 -61, 74 , 79 , 257 , 275 , 296 , 298 , 318 -19, 406 ;

Pasquier on, 65 ;

pragmatic views on, 472 ;

praticien-parlementaire views on, 469 ;

resurgence under François I, 64 ;

threat of religious toleration to, 477 , 481

Contarini, Gasparo (cardinal), 206 , 210

Controversial literature, religious, 103 -4

Cop, Nicolas, 204

Coquille, Guy, 31 ;

L'Institution du droit français , 154

Coras, Jean de, 286

Corporatism, French, 67 , 77 -80;

in customary law, 79 ;

Parlement's role in, 80 ;

Pasquier's interest in, 79

Corruption:

in history of Gaillard, 114 ;

Loisel on, 136 -37;

in Mémoires-Journaux , 145 ;

in Parlement, 143 ;

and venality, 114

Cotton, Père, 102 n, 455

Council of Trent, 90 ;

on ecclesiastical jurisdiction, 298 -99, 305 ;

effect on Gallican liberties, 183 , 184 , 222 , 228 , 299 -301, 304 , 369 ;

final sessions (1562-63), 184 , 298 , 326 ;

Fontainebleau consultations on, 303 -7;

French delegation to, 291 , 299 -301;

national rivalries in, 222 ;

on reformation of princes, 298 , 300 ;

second session of, 183 ;

third session of, 299 .

See also Trent decrees

Counter-Reformation, 1 ;

challenge to parlementaire values, 174 -75;

condemnation of French bishops, 90 ;

effect on law and order, 145 ;

in France, 174 , 273 ;

Gallican response to, 346 -52, 478 ;

Guise-Lorraine support of, 352 ;

liberal phase of, 205 ;

Pasquier on, 115 .

See also Council of Trent; Trent decrees

Country life, 150 ;

L'Estoile on, 152 ;

romanticization of, 151

Couperie, Pierre, 149

Cour des Aides, Pierre (I) Séguier in, 20

Cour des Monnaies, 466 , 467 , 468

Cousinet (lawyer), book collection of, 99

Coutras, battle of, 351 , 352

La coutume. See Customary law

Crespin, Jean, 234 n

Crime:

parlementaire attitude toward, 144 -49;

remission by monarchy, 148

Crisis generation (of Parlement), 12 ;

Christophe de Thou's leadership of, 19 , 22 -23, 25 , 104 , 183 , 224 , 320 ;

divisions in, 226 -19;

leadership of, 19 ;

Loisel's role in, 30 ;

religious opinion in, 244 -48, 479 ;

struggle over jurisdictions, 84 -87

Croesus (Athenian), 354

Crouzet, Denis, 341 , 411

Crusades, 116 ;

French leadership of, 163

Cujas, Jacques, 27 , 30 , 31 , 96

Culture, French:

effect of Roman Catholicism on, 162 -64

Cummings, Mark, 34 -35, 36 , 82 n, 109 n;

on career patterns in Parlement, 81 , 439 , 462 , 469 , 472 ;

on parlementaire status, 155 n

Curés, Parisian, 422 ;

attacks on Brisson, 390 ;

attacks on Henri IV, 399 , 410 ;

attacks on Parlement, 349 -50, 409 ;

on Estates of the League, 404 ;

exaltation of papacy, 394 ;

J.-A. de Thou on, 354 -55;

Mayenne's leniency toward, 390 .

See also Clerics; Preachers

Customary law:

codification of, 48 ;

contrast

― 516 ―

Customary law (continued )

with Roman law, 65 ;

de Thou's work on, 24 ;

importance to constitutionalism, 79 ;

Le Caron's work on, 32 ;

parlementaire interest in, 105 ;

property in, 52 -53;

redaction of, 24 , 48 , 66 , 80 ;

respect of monarchy for, 66 ;

special commissions on, 48 ;

synthesis with fundamental law, 481 .

See also Fundamental law

Customary law, Parisian:

corporatist principles of, 79 ;

preeminence of, 65 -66

D

Damours, Conseiller, 421 ;

and Henri IV's entry into Paris, 430 ;

and Henri IV's rehabilitation of Parlement, 436

Dandino (papal nuncio), 346

Davis, Natalie Zemon, 148

Day of the Barricades (1588), 25 , 187 , 341 ;

Guise preparations for, 356 -57;

Henri III in, 358 -59, 360 ;

L'Estoile on, 358 -60;

in Mémoires-Journaux , 187 n, 358 -60;

Parlement during, 361 -62;

Pasquier during, 28

De Caprariis, Vittorio, 93 , 287 ;

on Council of Trent, 302 , 304

De Crue de Stoutz, F., 325

De ecclesia emendanda (1538), 210

Denault, Gerald, 85

Descimon, Robert, 340 -41, 461 , 462 , 464 , 465

Des corps politiques (de Lavie), 80

Desjardins, Lieutenant Criminel, 259 , 260

Desportes, Philippe, 107

Dewald, Jonathan, 457 ;

on crime, 120 n, 144 , 145

Le Dialogue d'entre le Maheustre et le Manant , 390 n, 393 , 415 -16

"Dialogue des avocats du Parlement du Paris" (Loisel), 30 , 82 n, 93 , 116 , 119 , 135 -36, 463 ;

model parlementaires in, 137 -40

Diane de Poitiers, 220 , 280 ;

and François Olivier, 18 ;

loss of influence, 238 ;

protégés of, 21

Didier, Noël, 246

Diefendorf, Barbara, 46 ;

on autonomy of children, 56 ;

on benefices, 47 ;

on Catherine de Médicis, 319 ;

on conseillers, 42 ;

on constitutional process, 321 ;

on family, 120 n;

on Huguenots, 320 , 421 ;

on inheritance, 128 ;

on life-style, 150 ;

on marriage, 54 , 55 , 125 ;

on religious hatred, 289 n;

on widows, 120 n, 127

Dijon: elite of, 130 , 131 ;

liguers in, 393 .

See also Parlement of Dijon

Diplomatic missions, of parlementaires, 3 , 48 , 49

Discourse on Life and Death (Du Plessis-Mornay), 152

Disques, François, 200

Dissenters, religious. See Calvinism; Huguenots; Protestants; Religious dissenters

Dolet, Étienne, 155 ;

banning of works, 209 , 211 ;

execution of, 182 , 212

Dongois, Nicolas, 3

Dorigny, Nicolas, 48 , 198

Dorigny family, 43

Dormy, François, 267 n, 280

Doucet, Roger, 98 , 100

Dreux, battle of, 283 , 284 , 288 , 299

Droit de Gaillard, Pierre, La Vraye Methode qu'on doit tenir en la lecture de l'histoire , 112 -15

Drouot, Henri, 393 , 420 , 461 , 464 ;

on Parlement of Dijon, 481 n

Du Bellay, Eustache (bishop of Paris), 108

Du Bellay, Joachim, 108 ;

Deffense et Illustration de la langue françoise , 24 , 94

Du Bellay, Louis, 47

Du Bellay, René, 200

Du Belloy (Huguenot), 364

Dubois, Pierre, 161 , 476

Du Bourg, Anne:

arrest of, 237 ;

execution of, 237 , 238 , 239 , 258 , 479 ;

at mercuriale of June (1559), 236 ;

religious views of, 244 , 245 ;

trial of, 16 , 237

Du Chesne, Guillaume, 196

Du Drac, Adrien, 21 , 229 , 447 ;

book collection of, 99 ;

and profession of faith, 291 ;

remonstrance against Edict of Romorantin, 241

Du Drac family:

marriage alliances of, 13 , 17 ;

rise of, 21

Du Faur, Louis:

absenteeism of, 292 n;

arrest of, 237 ;

at mercuriale of June (1559), 236 ;

trial of, 246 , 247

Du Faur family, 29

Du Ferrier, Arnauld, 33 , 48 , 235 , 292 ;

attempted arrest of, 237 ;

at Council of Trent, 299 ;

diplomatic missions of, 49 , 250 , 291 ;

religious views of, 312

Du Four, Hiérosme, 448

― 517 ―

Du Haillan, Bernard, 29 ;

on ethnic rivalry, 129 ;

Histoire de France , 93 ;

on royal domain, 68

Du Mesnil, Baptiste, 29 ;

Advertissement sur le faict du Concile de Trente , 304 -5;

and Edict of January, 269 ;

at Fontainebleau consultations, 303 ;

as model parlementaire, 138 ;

in negotiations with Condé, 280 ;

on royal commissions, 48 ;

in tumult of St-Médard, 260

Du Monceau, Guillaume de, 217

Du Monceau, Lancelot, 217

Du Moulin, Charles:

career of, 306 ;

legal scholarship of, 105 , 464 ;

on nationalism, 93 .

Works: Les Commentaires analytiques , 306 ;

Conseil sur le faict du Concile de Trente , 89 , 305 , 306 -7

Du Moulin, François, 190 -92

Du Perron, Jacques Davy, 442

Duprat, Antoine:

as abbot of St-Benoît, 90 , 92 ;

and Auvergnat faction, 43 , 45 ;

benefices of, 178 , 180 , 195 , 200 ;

and Concordat of Bologna, 178 ;

death of, 205 ;

enmity of parlementaires to, 164 , 178 , 180 , 195 -96;

paraphernalia of, 71 -72;

in Parisian diocesan council, 201 ;

parlementaire candidates of, 9

Dupuy brothers, scholarship of, 104 -5

Du Tiller, Jean, 73 , 93 ;

archival work of, 88 ;

and lit de justice (1563), 296 ;

in negotiations with Condé, 278 -79, 280 ;

Recueils des Roys de France , 88 ;

and registration of Pacification of Amboise, 285

Du Vair, Guillaume, 29 , 421 ;

on l'affaire Brisson , 408 ;

bourgeois values of, 426 ;

career of, 37 -38;

compromises with constitutionalism, 470 ;

defense of Salic law, 92 , 332 , 391 , 406 , 407 , 408 -9, 418 ;

on Estates General, 86 -87;

in Estates of the League, 402 ;

on fundamental law, 63 ;

and Henri IV's entry into Paris, 430 -31;

in Henri IV's rehabilitation of Parlement, 435 ;

influence on French rhetoric, 470 n;

interest in Stoicism, 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 ;

legal scholarship of, 105 ;

as liguisant , 345 , 353 -54, 362 ;

neo-Stoicism of, 470 , 471 ;

oration on Mary Stuart, 353 -54;

during Paris League rebellion, 332 , 333 ;

on parlementaire ideals, 134 ;

political philosophy of, 61 , 383 ;

as politique , 109 , 354 , 362 , 470 , 471 ;

proscription of, 38 ;

record of Harlay's discours , 344 -45;

refusal to leave Paris, 383 ;

on release of parlementaires from prison, 376 -77;

religious views of, 312 , 471 ;

support of Henri IV, 425 -26, 471 ;

withdrawal from public life, 345 , 383 .

Works: Anecdotes , 383 ;

La Constance , 383 ;

Discours du 5 août , 382 ;

Discours sur les barricades , 344 , 362 ;

L'Exhortation la Paix , 406 -7, 470 ;

Lettre d'un bourgeois de Paris , 470 ;

La Philosophie morale de Stoïques , 37 ;

Response d'un bourgeois de Paris , 425 -26;

La Sainte Philosophie , 37 ;

Suasion de l'arrêt pour la manutention de la loi salique , 391 , 408 ;

Supplication au roi , 376 -77, 382 -83

Du Val, Nicole, 218 ;

attempted arrest of, 237

Dwellings, Parisian, 149 -50;

inviolability of, 54 , 253

E

Early generation (of Parlement), 12 ;

reaction to heresy, 475 , 478

Edict of Amboise (1560), 240

Edict of April 19 (1561), 251 -54

Edict of Beaulieu. See Peace of Monsieur

Edict of Chateaubriand (1551), 222

Edict of Compiègne (1557), 231

Edict of Coucy (1535), 205

Edict of Fontainebleau (1540), 182 ;

heresy in, 207 , 208

Edict of January (1562), 109 , 276 , 450 ;

failure of, 270 ;

implementation of, 272 ;

L'Hôpital on, 310 ;

Paris's exemption from, 271 , 277 ;

parlementaire opposition to, 188 , 257 , 264 -69, 319 ;

provisions of, 263 -64;

publication of, 265 ;

registration of, 269 , 294 , 298 , 477 ;

terms of, 290

Edict of July (1561), 263 ;

effect on Calvinism, 256 ;

registration of, 257 ;

Suriano on, 291 -92

Edict of La Rochelle (1573), 314 ;

registration of, 321

Edict of Nantes (1598-99), 4 , 118 n, 261 n, 326 ;

de Thou on, 446 , 448 ;

fragility of, 450 , 478 ;

implementation of, 4 , 449 -50;

L'Estoile on, 446 , 447 -48, 449 n;

parlementaire opposition to, 382 n, 445 ;

Parlement's deliberation on, 444 -49;

Pasquier on, 449 ;

registration of, 91 , 188 , 445 , 451 , 477

Edict of Paris (1543), 182

― 518 ―

Edict of St-Germain (1570), 314 , 315 ;

failure of, 317 ;

rights of Huguenots in, 316

Edict of Union (1588), 315 n;

registration of, 365

Edicts:

against Protestant assemblies, 258 ;

registration of, 68 , 69 , 71 , 224 , 231 , 252 , 298 , 435 , 477 -78

Edicts, fiscal: of Charles IX, 342 n;

of Henri II, 224 , 342 -45

Edicts of Longjumeau (1568), 314 , 315

Edicts of Pacification, 309 ;

in chambres mipartie, 261 n, 324 ;

disputes under, 118 ;

Du Mesnil on, 304 -5;

formulation of, 21 , 49 ;

Harlay on, 457 ;

registration of, 297 ;

terms of, 314 .

See also Peace of Monsieur (1576)

Edicts of Romorantin, 241 , 310 ;

modification of, 250

Edicts of Toleration, 326 , 478 ;

of 1577, 30 ;

and formation of Paris League, 334 ;

liguer preachers on, 443 ;

parlementaire opposition to, 260 , 347 -

See also Edict of Nantes (1598-99)

Education:

humanistic, 96 -97;

legal, 98 , 473

Elisabeth de Hauteville, 255

Élisabeth de Valois (consort of Philip II), 308 , 405 ;

marriage of, 238 n, 303 , 307

Elites:

in conversion crisis, 410 -11;

mobility of, 130 -31

Elites, robin , 52 , 56 , 480 ;

attitude toward religious dissent, 381 ;

de Thou's leadership of, 22 ;

gap between robins and, 82 ;

libraries of, 176 ;

life-style of, 152 -53;

marriage strategies of, 55 , 57 -58;

mobility of, 130 ;

in Parlement, 10 -11, 41 ;

patronage of, 58 ;

urban character of, 150 .

See also Parlementaires

Elizabeth I (queen of England), 102 ;

conflict with Mary Stuart, 352 ;

religious policy of, 228 , 250 , 395

Emilio, Paulo, 96

England:

Reformation in, 204 ;

religious dissent in, 175 ;

sorcery cases in, 147

Épernon, Nogarette de la Valette (duc d'), 354 -55, 361

Ephemera, printed, 101 , 102 , 141 , 142

Épices (fees), abolition of, 224

Épinac, Pierre (cardinal-archbishop of Lyon), 369 -70;

in Satyre Ménippée , 427

Equality, and class, 129

Erasmus, Desiderius:

in Berquin case, 202 ;

in book collections, 100 ;

parlementaire opinion on, 195 ;

"philosophy of Christ," 312 ;

Valois sponsorship of, 190 ;

on war, 157

Espagnolisés , 402

Espiner-Scott, Janet, 29

Essai sur l'idée du parfait magistrat , 134 -35

Estates General, 130 , 242 , 345 ;

of 1560, 257 ;

of 1577, 324 ;

of Blois (1588-89), 353 n, 366 , 368 -69, 373 , 374 ;

control of royal finances, 362 ;

in crisis of 1588, 86 ;

decline of, 87 ;

failure of 1614, 87 n;

L'Hôpital in, 84 -85, 311 ;

on minority of Charles IX, 249 ;

origins of, 86 ;

during Paris League, 340 ;

purpose of, 85 ;

relationship with Parlement, 85 -87;

resistance to religious toleration, 325 n;

in Satyre Ménippée , 429 ;

and Trent decrees, 369

Estates General of the League (1593), 392 , 398 , 400 , 477 ;

dissolution of, 413 ;

Henri IV's conference with, 403 -5;

L'Estoile on, 401 , 404 ;

Mayenne's convocation of, 402 ;

and Parlement, 402 -14;

succession debate in, 407

Este, Hippolyte d' (cardinal of Ferrara), 265

Estienne, Henri d', 144

Estrées, Gabrielle d', 412

Ethnic rivalry, French, 115 , 130

Étienne, Charles, Maison rustique , 152

Eucharist: Council of Trent on, 299 ;

Du Bourg on, 245 ;

L'Estoile on, 168 ;

Lutheran doctrine of, 204 , 246 ;

parlementaire ruling on, 200 ;

sacramentarian doctrine of, 193 , 201 ;

Sorbonne doctrines on, 209 , 247

Europe:

religious factions in, 227 -28;

role of lawyers in, 473 -75;

support for Huguenot party in, 185

Évangélisme , :192

Evocations, royal. of Grand Conseil, 72 , 84 , 180 , 194 ;

Lizet's denunciation of, 180 ;

parlementaire protest of, 77 , 84 , 197 , 198

Exceptionalism, French, 61 n

Exile:

of Clement Marot, 193 ;

of Guillaume Farel, 193 ;

of heretics, 251 ;

of Michel Gailliard, 255 ;

of parlementaires, 37 , 421 , 438 , 481 ;

of politiques , 421 ;

of Protestant ministers, 266 , 268 ,

of reformers, 193 , 205 ;

return from, 200 , 203 , 253 -54

Expilly, Claude, 129 ;

on clemency, 148

― 519 ―

Exsurge domine (Bull, 1520), 192

"Extraits des Registres Criminels du Parlement of Paris" (manuscript), 3

F

Fabius Maximus, 437

Factions:

dependence among, 23 n;

in court of Catherine de Médicis, 84 , 186 , 250 , 275 . See also Guise-Lorraine faction

Families, robin , 82 ;

alliances among, 26 , 54 -55, 120 ;

autonomy within, 56 -57, 121 ;

and ideal magistrate, 465 -66;

importance of, 121 ;

inheritance of office, 224 ;

organization of, 121 -22;

parent-child relations in, 122 ;

stabilizing influence of, 58

Farel, Guillaume:

exile of, 193 ;

at Geneva, 204 ;

leadership of reformers, 173 , 201 ;

return to France, 200 , 203

Farge, James, 191 , 192

Fauchet, Claude:

career of, 28 ;

estate of, 153 ;

on Gallicanism, 456 n;

literary works of, 28 -29;

as parlementaire spokesman, 466

Fauchet, Nicole, 28

Faudoas, François (comte de Belin), 399 , 420 , 421

Faye, Bartholomé, 234 , 268 n;

career of, 25 -26;

and profession of faith, 291 ;

remonstrance to edict of April 19 (1561), 252 ;

in trial of Condé, 234 n, 275

Faye, Jacques, 26 ;

in Day of the Barricades, 359 ;

defense of Gallicanism, 348 -49, 458 , 460 ;

as model parlementaire, 138 ;

in Parlement of Tours, 31 ;

support of Henri III, 31 , 344 ;

on threat of Inquisition, 348 ;

in Trent decrees debate, 102 , 369 -70, 371

Félibien, Michel, 203

Ferrara, Hippolyte d'Este (cardinal of), 265

Fichart (procureur), 464

Field of Cloth of Gold, 49

Flanders, heresy in, 426

Fleurs des examples (devotional book), 119

Fleury, Étienne (II), 446

Florette, Jean, 218

Foix, Paul de, 22 , 33 ;

arrest of, 237 ;

in Cordelier dispute, 347 n;

diplomatic missions of, 49 ;

readmission to Parlement, 250 ;

religious beliefs of, 246 -48, 292 , 294 , 312 ;

suspicion of heresy, 25 ;

trial of, 244 -45

Fonsomme, Christophe de, 33 , 258

Fontainebleau council (1560), 242

Fontainebleau council (1564), 303 -7

Ford, Franklin, 128 ;

on ennobled robins , 50

Foundation-edifice metaphors, 62

France:

alliance with Scotland, 227 ;

autonomy of, 460 , 477 ;

as centralized state, 464 ;

corporatist character of, 67 , 77 -80;

cultural nationalism of, 67 , 115 -16, 117 -18;

divisions under First Civil War, 287 ;

ethnic rivalry in, 115 , 130 ;

Gaillard's history of, 114 -15;

importance of family in, 121 ;

influence of antiquity on, 106 ;

litigation in, 145 ;

as most Christian kingdom, 161 , 411 -12;

national consciousness of, 24 ;

nationalism in, 91 -94;

power structure of, 274 ;

precedence over Spain, 305 ;

religious nationalism of, 162 ;

role of law in, 59 ;

social institutions of, 53 .

See also Constitutionalism, French; Nationalism, French

François, cardinal de Guise. See Guise, François de (cardinal)

François, duc d'Alençon, 12 , 78 , 102 ;

death of, 31 , 186 , 187 , 325 , 333 , 477 ;

as heir apparent, 323 ;

patronage of parlementaires, 29 , 37 ;

support of Huguenots, 323 -24

François, duc de Guise, 377

François I (king of France):

additions to Parlement, 41 ;

and affaire des placards , 181 ;

avenues of advancement under, 46 -47;

in Berquin case, 181 , 191 , 194 , 199 -200, 202 ;

capture at Pavia, 92 , 179 , 196 ;

and Charles V, 10 , 17 , 92 , 182 , 205 ;

and Concordat of Bologna, 177 -80;

constitutionalism under, 64 ;

creation of Chambre des Enquêtes, 10 ;

creation of judicial offices, 10 ;

creation of Rouen Chambre, 211 ;

death of, 212 ;

election as Holy Roman Emperor, 14 ;

foreign policy of, 205 ;

imprisonment of, 72 , 157 , 174 ;

Parlement under, 9 -10, 41 , 80 -82, 89 , 176 , 196 , 200 -201, 205 ;

patronage of parlementaires, 13 , 17 ;

public welfare policies of, 132 ;

release from imprisonment, 200 ;

religious policy of, 16 , 191 -92, 196 , 204 -5, 212 , 290 ;

suppression of dissent, 181 , 182 ;

suspension of parlementaires, 200 ;

use of Grand Conseil, 84 , 194 ;

use of lit de justice , 69 , 70 -71, 72 ;

use of venality, 9 , 47 , 82

François II (king of France): and Conspir-

― 520 ―

François II (continued )

acy of Amboise, 243 ;

death of, 243 ;

marriage to Mary Stuart, 238

François, sieur de Fresnes (siegneur d'O), 359 , 434 , 436

François de Sales (Saint), 480

Franco-Spanish war (1557-59), 223 , 226 ;

end of, 273 ;

French defeats in, 232

Frankfurt book fair, 101 , 102 , 104

Franklin, Benjamin, 134

Franks:

conquest of Gaul, 162 ;

rivalry with Gauls, 115 , 130

Fraud, punishment for, 145

Frederick "the Wise," Elector of Saxony, 189

French language:

glorification of, 24 , 94 , 470 ;

parlementaire commitment to, 481 ;

teaching of, 97

French literature:

book collections of, 100 ;

classical, 472

French Reformed Church, 172 -75;

changes within, 228 ;

deputation to Catherine de Médicis, 255 ;

nationalism of, 174 ;

robins in, 219 ;

role in society, 173 ;

stages of development, 214

French Revolution, 473

Fronde, 77

La Fronde de la justice, 341 -46

Fumaroli, Marc, 469 , 470

Fumée, Adam (I), 48 ;

remonstrance to Louise de Savoie, 197

Fumée, Antoine, 234 ;

arrest of, 237 ;

on punishment of heresy, 235 ;

trial of, 246 ;

and tumult of St-Médard, 260

Fumée family, 44

Fundamental law, 61 ;

formulation of, 62 , 63 ;

under Henri IV, 477 ;

importance of, 65 n;

importance to parlementaires, 79 ;

of inalienability, 61 , 63 , 79 ;

Parlement's defense of, 68 -69, 403 ;

and succession of Infanta Isabella, 405 ;

synthesis with customary law, 481 ;

threat of League to, 175 .

See also Salic law

Funeral ceremonies, 75

Funeral orations, 102

G

Gabaston, Jean de, 260 , 282

Gabelle : administration of, 132 ;

exemption from, 52

Gaillard, Michel (seigneur de Longjumeau), 254 , 255

Gallican Church. See Catholic Church, Gallican

Gallicanism:

alliance with Huguenots, 185 ;

beliefs on absolution, 412 ;

and control of Church, 88 -91;

controversy of 1591, 393 -98;

Du Moulin's defense of, 306 -7;

effect of Concordat of Bologna on, 178 ;

as expression of nationalism, 91 ;

institutional, 457 ;

internationalism of, 457 -58, 459 ;

Jacques Faye's defense of, 348 -49, 458 , 460 ;

of Lizet, 16 ;

nationalistic elements of, 458 ;

and neo-Stoicism, 109 ;

parlementaire defense of, 1 , 20 , 60 , 67 , 80 , 88 , 174 , 195 , 302 , 459 -61;

Pasquier's defense of, 29 ;

of Pierre Pithou, 31 ;

pluralism of, 459 ;

of politiques , 471 ;

scholarship on, 456 -60;

Victor Martin on, 456 .

See also Catholic Church, Gallican

Gallicanism, episcopal, 88 ;

definition of, 20 n;

of parlementaires, 89 -91

Gallicanism, royal, 20 n, 88 , 89 ;

Jacques Faye and, 26

Gallican liberties, 88 -91, 164 , 300 -301, 305 ;

effect of Trent decrees on, 183 , 184 , 222 , 228 -301, 304 , 450 ;

under Henri IV, 477 ;

Powis on, 457

Ganay, Jeanne de, 13

Ganay family:

humanist education of, 96 ;

immigration to Paris, 43

Garrison-Estèbe, Janine, 261

Gastine brothers, 313

Gauls: monasteries of, 162 ;

rivalry with Franks, 115 , 130

Gayant, Louis:

in Chambre Ardente, 218 ;

and Edict of January, 266 , 267 n;

in negotiations with Condé, 279 , 280 ;

in trial of parlementaires, 237 ;

and tumult of St-Médard, 260

Geisendorf, Paul, 118 , 119 , 483

Gelosi (troupe of comedians), 322

Genealogy, French, 139

General Council of the Union, 377

Geneva, Reformed Church in, 204 , 227

Gens de robe :

access to high office, 461 ;

family alliances among, 26 ;

mentalité of, 4 ;

profession of faith for, 268 ;

prominent families of, 14 , 43 -45;

rapprochement with old nobility, 36 ;

supporters of Catherine de Médicis among, 278 ;

sympathy for reform, 262 . See also Robins

Gens du roi :

in Chambre Ardente, 218 ;

on Concordat of Bologna, 179 ;

on divisions

― 521 ―

within Parlement, 234 ;

dwellings of, 149 n;

and Edict of January, 269 ;

and Edict of Nantes, 444 , 445 ;

at Fontainebleau consultations, 303 ;

of Henri II, 230 -31;

Loisel on, 137 ;

at Protestant services, 266 ;

and qualification for Parlement, 83 ;

in Tumult of St-Médard, 259

Gentil, René, 203

Gentillet, Innocent: Anti-Machiavel , 62 n

Georges, cardinal d'Amboise, 9 , 15

German states:

François's alliance with, 182 ;

Lutheranism of, 189 , 227 ;

religious dissent in, 175 ;

wars of religion in, 226

Gerson, Jean, 476

Gié, maréchal de, 46

Giesey, Ralph, 51 ;

on family, 121 ;

on funeral ceremonies, 75 ;

on propres , 53 ;

on Salic law, 63 n;

on venality, 82

Gillot, Jean, 428 n

Gondi, Pierre de (bishop of Paris), 244 , 342 ;

on Trent decrees, 442

Gondi family, 44

Gontaut, Charles de (sieur de Biron), 141 -42, 359

Gonzaga family, 44

Gonzague, Louis de (duc de Nevers). See Nevers, Louis de Gonzague (duc de)

Goubert, 130 -31

Gouberville, Gilles de, 128 , 155 ;

seigneurial life of, 150 -51

Goulas, Marie, 29

Grand' Chambre, 19 , 20 ;

under Henri II, 209 ;

life members of, 35 ;

lits de justice in, 19 , 20 ;

renovation of, 70 ;

royal attendance at, 71 ;

treatment of heresy in, 211 , 294 ;

ultra-Catholics in, 234

Grand Conseil, 70 ;

execution of Pacification of Amboise, 285 ;

Lizet's speech at, 180 ;

Louise de Savoie's evocation of, 72 , 84 , 198 ;

origin of, 86

Le Grand Moisonneur (almanac), 142

Les grands. See Nobility

Grands jours (circuit courts): Antoine Loisel on, 29 -30;

parlementaires on, 48 ;

Pasquier on, 27 ;

at Poitiers, 16 , 127

Grassaille, 64 , 312

Grassin, Pierre, 218

Le gratin. See Elites, robin

Greed, L'Estoile on, 131 , 132 , 143

Greek language, teaching of, 97

Greffiers , 151 ;

under Henri IV, 438

Gregory XIII (pope), and enforcement of Trent decrees, 346

Gregory XIV (pope), excommunication of supporters of Henri IV, 394 -97, 414 , 426

Gregory, Saint, 171

Grieu, Gaston de, 267 n

Groslot, Jean, 230

Grotius, Hugo, 111

Group de Meaux :

execution of members, 182 , 212 ;

interrogation by Parlement, 198

Guarinus (preacher), 427

Guérin, lawyer, 213

Guillart, André (sieur du Mortier), 14 , 284 ;

arrest of, 313 -14;

career of, 17 -18;

dispatches of, 136 ;

on nobility, 130 , 467 ;

as spokesman of Parlement, 16 ;

on use of force, 156 , 431

Guillart, Charles, 12 , 177 , 292 ;

in Berquin case, 199 , 200 -201, 202 ;

on constitutional process, 180 , 406 ;

at lit de justice (1527), 70 -71, 84 ;

as mainstream spokesman, 14 , 74 , 195 ;

opposition to venality, 77 ;

remonstrance to Louise de Savoie, 197

Guillart, Louis, 292

Guillart family, 14 ;

immigration to Paris, 44

Guise, François de (cardinal):

assassination of, 79 , 174 , 187 , 300 , 371 , 372 -74, 377 ;

L'Hôpital's eulogy of, 240

Guise, Henri (duc de):

and Achille de Hat-lay, 363 ;

assassination of, 79 , 174 , 187 , 283 , 284 , 371 , 372 -74, 377 ;

in battle of Auneau, 351 , 354 ;

in Day of the Barricades, 358 -59, 361 ;

funeral services for, 283 n;

leadership of Paris League, 338 ;

massacre of Huguenots, 270 ;

Parisian supporters of, 270 , 276 ;

Pasquier on, 372 -73;

at pourparler de Paris , 256 ;

preparation for Day of Barricades, 356 , 357 ;

replacement of royal officers, 363 , 364 ;

seizure of Châlons, 336 ;

on Trent decrees, 369 -70;

in Triumvirate, 251 , 277 ;

visit to Paris (1585), 342

Guise, princesses of, 432

Guise-Lorraine faction, 12 , 469 ;

alliance with Diane de Poitiers, 220 ;

alliance with papacy, 227 ;

alliance with Spain, 185 , 227 , 367 ;

benefices of, 280 ;

cardinal de Lorraine's leadership of, 231 , 334 ;

― 522 ―

Guise-Lorraine faction (continued )

Catherine de Médicis's opposition to, 242 ;

and Conspiracy of Amboise, 239 ;

control of government, 274 ;

control over Parlement, 221 ;

and duc d'Alençon, 324 ;

and Estates General, 85 ;

fall of, 276 ;

under François II, 238 ;

and François Olivier, 18 ;

goals of, 331 ;

grievances against Henri III, 336 ;

Huguenot opposition to, 239 -40;

independence of Sixteen from, 387 ;

leadership of Holy League, 174 , 187 , 334 ;

Lizet and, 220 ;

at mercuriale of June (1559), 236 ;

Parisian support of, 277 ;

during Paris League rebellion, 332 ;

parlementaire view of, 274 ;

patronage of Pasquier, 27 ;

policy of inquisition, 241 ;

propaganda of, 22 ;

protégés of, 17 , 18 ;

and recall of Henri IV, 335

H

Hacqueville, André de, 392

Hacqueville family, 17

Hale, J. R., 157

Han, Jean de, 250 n, 259

Hanley, Sarah, 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 -73, 484 ;

on parlementaire unity, 298 ;

on seance of Charles IX, 295

Harding, Robert R., 274

Harlay, Achille de, 22 , 26 ;

arrest by League, 375 ;

compromises with constitutionalism, 470 ;

on corruption, 143 ;

defense of Gallicanism, 459 ;

discours to Henri III, 343 -44;

and duc de Guise, 363 , 364 ;

in Edict of Nantes debate, 447 ;

and edicts of pacification, 456 , 457 ;

in First Civil War, 284 ;

on fundamental law, 63 ;

and Guise assassinations, 374 ;

on Henri IV's coronation, 427 ;

in Henri IV's rehabilitation of Parlement, 436 , 437 ;

imprisonment of, 40 , 371 ;

leadership of later generations of Parlement, 332 ;

liberalism of, 248 ,

on nobility, 130 ;

on parlementaire ideals, 134 , 468 ;

and registration of Trent decrees, 452 ;

release from prison, 376 ;

on role of monarch, 343 -44;

as spokesman of mainstream, 39 -40, 188 , 234 , 343 ;

support of Henri IV, 77 , 362 -63, 381

Harlay, Christophe de, 16 , 188 ,

accusations of heresy against, 272 , 281 ;

career of, 21 -22;

and Edict of January., 265 , 267 ;

at Fontainebleau consultations, 303 , 305 ;

at mercuriale of June (1559), 237 ;

in negotiations with Condé, 280 ;

and profession of faith, 291

Harlay, Louis de, 202

Harlay family, 22 , 42 ;

inheritance of office, 224

Haton, Claude, 118

Hayden, Michael, 419

Hennequin, Nicolas, 200

Hennequin, Pierre, 268 n, 338

Hennequin dynasty, 9 , 43

Henri II (king of France):

additions to Parlement, 41 ;

advisers of, 213 ;

alliance with Paul IV, 227 ;

arrest of parlementaires, 237 -38;

attendance at Parlement, 74 ;

character of, 213 ;

and Council of Trent, 90 ;

court factions of, 231 -32;

death of, 226 , 238 , 274 ;

entry into Paris, 215 ;

fiscal edicts of, 224 , 342 -45;

handling of heresy cases, 19 , 225 , 230 -31;

Inquisition plans of, 19 , 20 , 184 , 229 -32;

on lits de justice , 73 ;

marriage to Catherine de Médicls, 205 ;

at mercuriale of June (1559), 235 -37;

opposition to Council of Trent, 222 ;

patronage of François Olivier, 18 ;

quarrel with pope Julius, 183 , 222 ;

relations with Parlement, 176 , 182 , 209 , 223 -25, 229 -34

Henri III (king of France):

acceptance of Trent decrees, 346 ,

advice of Catherine de Médicis to, 362 n;

advisers of, 367 , 368 ;

assassination of, 332 , 372 , 380 -81, 413 , 458 , 477 ;

in battle of Auneau, 351 ;

challenge of League to, 185 ;

character of, 322 , 372 ;

and Christophe de Thou, 25 , 337 ;

concessions to Holy League, 78 ;

concessions to Huguenots, 341 ;

condemnation of magistrates, 438 ;

Confession of, 367 n;

confessor of, 347 ;

conflict with Charles IX, 321 ;

in Day of the Barricades, 358 -59, 360 ;

and duc d'Épernon, 354 ;

edicts of, 315 n, 342 ;

edicts of pacification, 32 , 456 ;

at Estates of Blois, 368 -69;

exile of, 332 , 363 ;

financial policy of, 131 -32;

fiscal excesses of, 334 , 336 ;

as head of Paris League, 337 ;

Jacques Faye's support of, 31 ;

League attacks on, 354 ;

L'Estoile on, 322 -23, 342 , 371 ;

marriage edict of, 54 ;

mignons of, 322 , 323 , 334 , 351 , 434 ;

and Paris League rebellion, 332 , 367 -69;

Parlement under, 320 , 342 ;

patronage of Pasquier, 27 , 28 ;

religious dissent under, 174 , 213 -14;

religious os-

― 523 ―

tentation of, 244 , 323 n, 331 n, 334 , 348 , 354 ;

replacement of royal officers, 364 ;

sale of benefices, 224 ;

satires on, 323 ;

special commissions of, 48 ;

and succession of Henri IV, 378 -79;

support of ultra-Catholics, 19 , 347 ;

threat of ultra-Catholics to, 324 ;

unpopularity of, 342 -44;

venality of, 223 , 224 , 343 ;

war with Charles V, 223 , 225

Henri IV (king of France):

accommodation with duc de Mayenne, 393 , 407 ;

accommodation with papacy, 441 -43, 450 , 477 ;

advisers of, 442 , 451 ;

alliance with Parlement, 188 ;

ambassadors of, 49 ;

amnesty of, 148 , 432 n, 433 , 434 ;

appeal to Parisians, 416 ;

ascension to throne, 12 , 29 , 90 -91;

assassination of, 147 , 456 ;

banishments by, 438 -39;

in battle of Coutras, 351 , 352 ;

Bill of Excommunication against, 349 ,

Calvinism of, 187 ;

and cardinal de Bourbon, 395 -96;

character of, 416 -17;

conference with Estates of the League, 403 -5;

confessors of, 455 ;

Conseil Privé of, 451 , 452 -53;

conversion ceremony of, 353 n, 412 -13;

conversion of, 63 , 88 , 109 , 164 , 188 , 332 , 370 , 382 , 398 , 409 -10, 458 , 477 ;

coronation of, 427 ;

custody of, 264 ;

declaration of faith, 394 -95;

Du Vair's support of, 425 -26;

under Edict of Union, 365 ;

embassy to Clement VIII, 414 -15;

embassy to Venice, 444 ;

excommunication of followers, 394 -97, 414 , 426 ;

as heir apparent, 176 , 325 , 333 -34, 349 ;

and implementation of Trent decrees, 442 , 444 , 451 -56;

instruction in Catholicism, 353 n, 400 -401, 412 ;

marriage of, 185 , 320 , 450 -41;

military victories of, 385 , 416 -17, 424 ;

myth of, 417 -18;

negotiations with Spain, 443 ;

neo-Stoicism of, 112 ;

oath of abjuration, 412 ;

oath of obedience to, 419 ;

papal absolution for, 407 , 410 , 414 -15, 441 -43, 451 , 458 , 469 ;

Pasquier on, 379 , 381 , 382 ;

patronage of parlementaires, 31 , 32 ;

policy toward Protestants, 395 ;

recall to court, 335 ;

reduction of Paris, 398 , 430 -33, 436 ;

rehabilitation of Parlement of Paris, 434 -40;

relations with Gregory XIV, 394 ;

and Semonneux , 399 ;

siege of Chartres, 389 ,

siege of Paris, 386 -87, 398 -99;

succession debate over, 370 -71, 406 -10;

succession of, 378 -81, 458 -59;

support of Henri III, 378 -79;

support of politique-parlementaires for, 381 -82, 482 ;

treatment of ligueurs , 432 n, 438 , 443 ;

treaty with Pontoise, 380 ;

triumph over League, 4 , 188 ;

on value of nobility, 129 -30.

See also Mémoires-Journaux (L'Estoile), Henri IV in

Henry VI (king of England), 75 -76

Henri de Bourbon (king of Navarre), 325

Henri de Condé, 349 , 447 ;

conversion of, 442 ;

succession of, 446

Henri de Navarre. See Henri IV (king of France)

Heredity: effect on corruption, 53 ;

in parlementaire offices, 82 , 156

Heresy, 1 ;

arrêts against, 213 ;

attitude of parlementaires toward, 2 , 184 , 185 , 195 -200, 394 , 464 ;

banishment for, 216 , 217 ;

in Cognac, 217 ;

ecclesiastical definition of, 246 ;

edicts against, 207 , 208 , 211 , 219 ;

equation with sedition, 201 -5, 207 , 208 ;

Eucharist controversy in, 193 ;

in Flanders, 426 ,

Henri II's handling of, 19 , 225 , 230 -31;

in Languedoc, 162 , 204 , 206 ,

as lèse-majesté, 208 ;

"Lutheran," 172 , 173 ;

in Parlement, 287 -88;

parlementaire commissions on, 182 , 196 -98, 201 , 211 , 214 ;

parlementaire specialists in, 48 -49, 194 ;

Parlement's jurisdiction over, 207 -8, 225 , 235 , 241 , 248 , 252 -54;

Parlement's treatment of, 19 -20, 194 -96, 210 -11, 230 , 233 -34, 477 , 478 ;

persecution of, 211 -12, 238 -39, 241 ;

punishment for, 216 -17, 219 , 235 -36, 253 -54;

recantation of, 216 ;

as reflection of social change, 475 ;

in Rouen, 208 , 211 ;

social controls on, 466 ;

and sorcery, 146 ;

trials of parlementaires for, 245 -46;

Valois policy toward, 19 , 181 , 182 , 196 , 205 , 207 -13;

Vaudois, 211 -12, 212 , 214 .

See also Blasphemy

Heretics:

among nobility, 217 ;

association with, 411 ;

banishment of, 216 , 217 ;

under Catherine de Médicis, 250 ;

exile of, 251

Les Hermaphrodites (Thomas), 141

Herodotus, 354

Histoire ecclésiastique , 234

History, parlementaire study of, 112 -19, 473

Holt, Mack, 481 n

Holy League. See League, Holy

― 524 ―

Homicide, punishment of, 144

Hôpfl, Harro, 62

Hôtel de Ville:

city council of, 8 ;

in Day of the Barricades, 359 ;

divisions within, 320 ;

families in, 121 n;

rentes of, 10 , 189 ;

struggle for municipal government at, 386 ;

widows in, 127

Hotman, Antoine, 392

Hotman, Charles (sieur de Rocheblond), 338

Hotman, François:

on political theory, 60 .

Works. Anti-Tribonian , 106 -7;

Franco-Gallia , 110 , 187

Hotman, Pierre, 218

Hualt, Louis, 55

Huguenot (epithet), 252 , 253

Huguenot party:

association of Bourbons with, 274 ;

emergence of, 239 ;

noble families in, 217 , 218 ;

parlementaire view of, 274 ;

support in Europe, 185

Huguenots:

admiration of Cicero, 110 ;

associational rights of, 208 , 232 -33, 258 -59;

Catherine de Médicis' policy toward, 23 , 175 ;

Christophe de Harlay's defense of, 22 ;

concessions of Henri III to, 341 ;

constitutional views of, 61 ;

dress of, 232 n;

duc d'Alençon's support of, 323 -24;

on Edict of January, 263 ;

edicts of toleration for, 443 -44;

in Fifth Civil War, 323 ;

friendship with parlementaires, 2 ;

and fundamental law, 62 ;

legal discrimination against, 185 ;

in Mémoires-Journaux , 142 -43;

militancy of, 228 ;

military debts of, 342 n;

"monomachs," 187 n;

nationalism of, 287 ;

in the Netherlands, 317 ;

pacification of, 469 ;

under Pacification of Amboise, 285 ;

pamphleteers among, 59 , 186 -87, 238 ;

in Parlement, 243 , 445 ;

in Peace of Monsieur, 324 ;

and Pierre Lizet, 215 n;

places de sûreté for, 324 ;

prison sentences of, 313 -14;

punishment of, 216 -17, 313 -14;

resistance theory of, 65 n;

rights under Edict of Amboise, 287 ;

rights under Edict of St-Germain, 316 ;

in Third Civil War, 315 , 320 ;

triomphalisme of, 228 , 232 , 234 ;

violence against, 271 , 421 , 464 .

See also Heretics; Protestants; Religious dissenters

Humanism:

changes in, 97 n;

"Christian," 91 -92, 201 ;

influence of Tacitus on, 469 ;

of parlementaires, 95 -96;

"political," 111 ;

schools of, 96

Hundred Years War, 157 ;

monarchy following, 7 ;

parlementaires during, 136 ;

Pasquier on, 117 , 118

Huppert, George:

on class status, 112 ;

on L'Hôpital, 131 ;

on life-style, 120 n;

on parlementaire-historians, 116 , 473 ;

on Pasquier, 26 , 112 , 117 ;

on robins , 50 , 97 ;

on seigneurial life, 128 , 151

Hurault, Nicolas, 83

Hurault de L'Hôpital, Michel, 30

Hurault family, 9 , 45 ;

humanist education of, 96

I

Icons, vandalism of, 181 , 202 , 475

Immigrants to Paris, 43 ;

career patterns of, 42

Inalienability. See Royal domain, inalienability of

Index librorum prohibitorum:

of Rome, 183 , 210 ;

of Sorbonne, 182 , 189 , 194

Indulgences, sale of, 172

Infanticide, 144 -45

Inheritance:

in customary law, 52 -53;

importance to parlementaires, 128

Inquisition:

Henri II's proposal for, 19 , 20 , 184 , 229 -32;

Jacques Faye on, 348 ;

parlementaire opposition to, 231 -32;

Roman, 184 , 210

Intellectual history, role of lawyers in, 473

Isabella (Infanta of Spain), 405 -6, 407

Italians, in service of Catherine de Médicis, 43 -44, 322

Ivry, Battle of, 385

J

Jacquelot, Jean, 241

Jansenism, 35 , 470 ;

robin followers of, 480

Jeanne d'Albret (consort of Antoine de Bourbon), 90 , 249 , 258 , 264 ;

death of, 316 ;

Pius IV's summons to, 301 ;

royal progress of, 256 -57;

in Third Civil War, 315

Jesuits. See Society of Jesus

Jodelle, Étienne, 107

Jolippon, Louis, 217

Jouanna, Arlette:

on André Guillart, 17 , 18 , 156 ;

on class, 129 ;

on ethnic rivalry, 130

Journal de 1562 , 268 , 270 , 282 ;

on investigation of heresy, 288

Journal d'un bourgeois , 202 , 203 ;

on treatment of Protestants, 205

― 525 ―

"La Journée de St-Séverin," 350 , 357

Joyeuse (mignon ), 351 , 354

Judges, caricature of, 155

Julius III (pope), 90 ;

quarrel with Henri II, 183 , 222

Jurgens, Madeleine, 149

Jusqu'au-boutistes , 424 , 431 , 434 ;

on absolution of Henri IV, 415 ;

under Henri IV, 439 ;

reabsorption into establishment, 41 ;

robins among, 340

Justice:

as check on monarchy, 64 ;

haute and basse , 154 -55, 156 ;

in history of Gaillard, 115 ;

sixteenth-century concept of, 129

K

Kaiser, Colin:

on Cour des Monnaies, 464 ;

on parlementaire ideals, 464 , 467 -68;

on qualification of parlementaires, 466 -67

Kelley, Donald R., 112 ;

on Budé, 106 ;

on Du Moulin, 306 , 307 ;

on Gaillard, 113 ;

on Gallicanism, 456 ;

on juridical nationalism, 93 ;

on Pierre Pithou, 31 ;

on "scholarly Pléiade," 26 , 29 , 79

Keohane, Nannerl, 471

Kerquefinen, Claude de, 33

Knecht, R. J., 72

Knox, John, 227

L

La Barde, Jacques de:

on blasphemy commission, 198 ;

remonstrance to Louise de Savoie, 197

La Barde, Jean de, 48

Labitte, Charles, 326

La Brosse family, 218

La Bruyère (Lieutenant Civil), 407

La Chapelle-Marteau (prévôt des marchands), 371

Lâcheté , 156

La Croix du Maine, François Grudé, 24 , 473

La Guesle, Jacques de, 346 ;

in Edict of Nantes debate, 446 , 447 ;

Gallicanism of, 458 ;

in Henri IV's rehabilitation of Parlement, 437 , 438 ;

as praticien , 469 ;

and registration of Trent decrees, 452 ;

Remonstrances , 129 ;

support of Henri III, 378 ;

support of Henri IV, 381 ;

in Trent decrees debate, 369

Land, acquisition by robins , 50

Landes, Georges des, 447 , 448 n

Landriano (papal nuncio), 396 -97

Langlois, Martin, 415 , 433 ;

in Henri IV's rehabilitation of Parlement, 435

Languedoc, heresy in, 162 , 204 , 206

La Plance, Regnier de, 221

La Popelinière, 117

La Porte, Eustache de:

arrest of, 237 ;

trial of, 246 , 294

Larcher, Claude, 390 n

La Rivière (Protestant minister), 270

La Roche-Flavin, Bernard de: apology for Parlement, 61 ;

on discipline of magistrates, 465 -66, 467 ;

on legal education, 98 ;

on Pax Roman,, 107 ;

popularity of writings, 153 ;

on religious attitudes, 165 , 167 ;

Treize Livres des Parlements de France , 40 , 134 -35, 464

La Roche-sur-Yon, prince of, 258 , 259 , 268

La Rue (member of Sixteen), 361

Later generations (of Parlement), 12 ;

career patters of, 439 ;

and defeat of League, 332 ;

defense of Gallicanism, 415 , 481 -82;

ideal magistrate of, 469 ;

leadership of, 331 -32;

pragmatism of, 472 , 481

Latin church fathers, book collections of, 100

Latin language:

parlementaire knowledge of, 96 ;

teaching of, 97 , 98

La Vacquerie, Perre de, 136

La Vallée, Jacques de, 468

Lavie, 80

Law:

relationship of Parlement to, 67 ;

role in French society, 59 .

See also Customary law; Fundamental law; Roman law

Law and order:

parlementaire attitude toward, 144 -49;

robin attitude toward, 134

Lawyers:

avarice of, 156 ;

medieval view of, 154 ;

numerical increase of, 155 ;

religious beliefs of, 474 n;

role in European culture, 473 -75.

M

Machault, Jean-Baptiste, 375 , 438

Machiavélisme , 116 n, 472

Machiavelli, Niccolò, 465 ;

in history of Gaillard, 113 ;

influence on parlementaires, 17 ;

Pasquier on, 116

Mâcon, merchants of, 130

Magistrates. See Parlementaires

Maillard, André, 417 , 418 ;

Advertissement au Roy , 460

Mainstream. See Parlementaires, mainstream

Maître des requêtes (office), 35 ;

increase in numbers of, 155

Major, J. Russell, 59 , 274

Marburg, Colloquy of, 204

Mardi Gras, 141

Marguerite d'Angoulême, 205 ;

in Berquin case, 202 ;

correspondence with Briçonnet, 192 ;

embassy to Madrid, 200 ;

embassy to Spain, 199 ;

Heptaméron , 191 ;

patronage of Lefèvre, 203 ;

patronage of Marot, 233 n;

regency of, 10 ;

Robertet's aid to, 9 ;

sponsorship of religious dissent, 172 , 181 , 189 , 190

Marguerite de Navarre. See Marguerite d'Angoulême

Marguerite de Valois, 316 , 450 -51

Marie de Guise, 352

Marillac, Charles de (archbishop of Vienne), 242

Marillac, Gabriel, 218

Marillac family, 33 ;

immigration to Paris, 44

Marion, Simon, 29 , 33

Marie, Claude de, 22

Marot, Clément:

banning of works, 209 ;

Blason du bonnet carré , 155 ;

exile of, 193 ;

François's protection of, 191 ;

translation of Psalms, 233 n

Marriage:

advancement by, 54 -55, 144 ;

clandestine, 54 ;

of clergy, 299 ;

importance to society, 125 -26;

inheritance of

― 529 ―

property in, 53 -54;

Protestant, 258 ;

tenderness in, 124

Martel, Charles, 406 n

Martin, Victor, 308 , 309 , 455 n;

on Christophe de Thou, 347 , 348 , 349 ;

on Gallicanism, 456 , 461 ;

on Trent decrees, 346 , 442 , 453 , 454 , 456

Martineau, Nicolas, 218

Mary Stuart (queen of Scots):

depiction as martyr, 352 ;

Du Vair's funeral oration for, 345 ;

marriage to François II, 238

Masparault, Pierre, 402

Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 185 , 307 , 327 ;

causes of, 317 , 320 ;

Parlement's role in, 317 -18, 484 ;

Protestant accounts of, 317

Maugis, Édouard, 81 , 82 , 403 , 439 ;

on abuse of rules, 83 n;

on Bull of Gregory XIV, 398 ;

on duc of Mayenne, 405 ;

on edicts of pacification, 314 ;

on François Olivier, 19 ;

on Henri II, 223 -24;

on L'Estoile, 483 -84;

on Lizet's disgrace, 220 n;

on succession of Henri IV, 406

Mayenne, duc de:

accommodation with Henri IV, 393 , 407 ;

advisers of, 385 ;

in l'affaire Brisson, 392 -93;

appointments to Parlement, 392 ;

arrest of printers, 416 ;

arrival in Paris, 376 , 377 ;

billets of exile, 421 n;

departure from Paris, 429 ;

in Estates of the League, 402 , 404 ;

and Jean Le Maistre, 423 ;

L'Estoile on, 378 , 420 ;

as lieutenant général, 377 -78, 383 , 386 ;

loss of authority, 400 , 406 , 423 ;

and papal legate, 420 -21, 422 , 424 ;

relations with politiques , 423 -24;

revocation of commands, 435 ;

satires on, 415 -16;

in Satyre Ménippée , 427 , 429 ;

and Spanish Ambassador, 405 , 422 , 423 , 424 -25, 484 ;

in succession debate, 409 ;

and Third Party, 393 , 398

Mayenniste faction:

Parisian bourgeoisie in, 340 ;

parlementaires in, 387 ;

struggle with Sixteen, 378 , 386 , 390 , 392 , 402

Mayer, C. A., 192 -93

Meaux: group of, 182 , 198 , 212 ;

surrender to Henri IV, 416 -17

Medici, Alexander de' (cardinal of Florence), 443

Meditations (Savonarola), 152

Melanchthon, Philip, 194

Mémoires-Journaux (L'Estoile), 37 , 38 , 119 , 140 -43;

l'affaire Brisson in, 390 -91;

anti-Spanish sentiment in, 388 ;

Armada in, 366 -67;

Christophe de Thou in, 139 ;

clergy in, 350 , 351 ;

comparison with Registers, 483 ;

contents of, 100 -104;

country life in, 152 ;

crime in, 145 -46;

Day of the Barricades in, 187 n, 358 -60;

Edict of Nantes in, 446 , 447 -48, 449 n;

ephemera in, 103 , 141 , 142 ;

Estates of the League in, 404 ;

executions in, 141 ;

greed in, 131 , 132 , 143 ;

Guise assassinations in, 372 -74;

Henri III in, 322 -23, 342 , 371 ;

Henri IV in, 142 , 379 -80, 409 -10, 436 ;

Henri IV's coronation in, 427 ;

Henri IV's military victories in, 385 ;

ligueur preachers in, 388 -89;

literary quality of, 484 ;

manuscripts of, 39 ;

Mary Stuart in, 352 ;

miracles in, 142 ;

money in, 131 -32;

Montaigne in, 485 ;

Paris League in, 38 , 39 n, 332 , 334 -35;

parlementaire ideals in, 140 -41;

Parlement of Châlons in, 396 ;

Parlement of Tours in, 436 -37;

Pierre (I) Séguier in, 138 -39;

pourparler de Paris in, 255 -56;

proverbs in, 143 ;

reliability of, 483 -85;

religious belief in, 168 -70;

siege of Paris in, 386 ;

Sixteen in, 375 , 380 , 391 -92, 462 ;

sorcery in, 146 ;

superstition in, 141 -42, 171 , 350 ;

on table of Madame de Montpensier, 350 ;

Trent decrees in, 444 n.

See also L'Estoile, Pierre de

Mendoza, Diego de, Duke of Feria (Spanish ambassador), 382 n, 387 , 408 , 409 ;

departure from Paris, 432 ;

and duc de Mayenne, 405 , 422 , 423 , 424 -25, 484 ;

and Jean Le Maistre, 423 ;

truce with politiques , 405

Merchants:

banishment by Henri IV, 439 ;

in Bureau de Ville, 46 ;

libraries of, 99 ;

mobility of, 130 -31;

in Paris League, 393 ;

place in bourgeoisie, 461

Mercuriales : of 1557, 465 ;

of April (1559), 234 , 235 ;

of June 10 (1559), 20 , 22 , 235 -37, 476

Mésalllance , 54 , 128

Mesmes, Henri de, 28 ;

intellectual leadership of, 104

Mesmes, Jean de, 237

Mesnager, Jean, 198

Mesnard, Paul, 108

Mesnard, Pierre, 470 -71

Metz, siege of, 223 , 227

Michelet, 325

― 530 ―

Midi:

First Civil War in, 283 ;

Protestant robins in, 261 -62

Mignons (royal favorites), 322 , 323 , 334 , 351

Minard, Antoine:

assassination of, 239 , 258 ;

as président, 235 , 237

Miracles, false, 142

Miron, François de, 369

Mobility, sixteenth century, 54 -55, 130 -31, 469

Molé, Édouard, 376 , 407 ;

and Henri IV's entry into Paris, 430 ;

reinstatement in Parlement, 438 ;

on succession of Infanta Isabella, 405 -6

La Monarchie de France (Seyssel), 12 , 63 -64;

influence of, 61 ;

nationalism in, 93

Monarchy, Aristotelian concept of, 340

Monarchy, French:

Achille de Harlay on, 343 -44;

after Hundred Years War, 7 ;

centralization of, 274 ;

Christian ideal of, 161 , 411 -12;

creditors of, 156 ;

defense of Gallicanism, 460 ;

encroachment on constitution, 66 ;

in history of Gaillard, 114 -15;

importance of religion to, 63 -64, 417 -18;

indivisibility of, 60 , 121 ;

juridical basis of authority, 76 ;

limitations on, 62 , 63 -65, 78 , 80 ;

Loisel on, 139 ;

obligations of, 67 , 68 , 411 , 471 ;

papal authority over, 415 ;

parlementaire loyalty to, 243 , 319 , 322 n, 421 , 460 , 469 ;

power to establish courts, 86 n;

relationship with papacy, 175 ;

remission of crimes, 148 ;

respect for customary law, 66

Monarchy, French Bourbon:

absolutism of, 59 , 419 ;

rise to power, 39

Monarchy, French Capetian, 163 , 385

Monarchy, French Valois:

additions to Parlement, 41 ;

attendance at Parlement, 73 , 294 -95;

collaboration with parlementaire religious policy, 207 -14;

conflicts with Parlement, 67 -77, 195 -201;

feuds within, 186 ;

innovations of, 73 ;

itinerant court of, 44 ;

limitations on, 59 ;

overthrow of, 331 ;

policy toward heresy, 19 , 181 , 182 , 196 , 205 , 207 -13;

religious beliefs of, 190 , 191 -92;

religious policy of, 191 , 205 , 207 , 231 , 290 ;

special commissions of, 48 ;

value of service to, 49 -50;

venality of, 9 , 47 , 71

Monluc, Blaise de, 262

Monluc, Jean de (bishop of Valence), 251 ;

at Fontainebleau council, 242 ;

religious views of, 294 ;

service to Catherine de Médicis, 278

Montaigne, Michel de, 18 ;

L'Estoile on, 485 ;

and Pasquier, 33 ;

on religious belief, 166 ;

on religious dissent, 169 -70;

on succession of Henri IV, 370 -71

Montcontour, victory of, 321

Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat, 473

Monthelon, François de, 137 , 368

Montmirail, Étienne, 218

Montmorency, Anne de (constable), 213 ;

capture in First Civil War, 283 ;

imprisonment by Spanish, 232 ;

influence of, 220 , 238 ;

at mercuriale of June (1559), 235 -36;

in siege of Metz, 223 , 227 ;

sons of, 259 , 260 n;

in Triumvirate, 251 , 277 ;

violence against Protestants, 270

Montmorency, François de. and publication of Edict of January, 265 ;

religious beliefs of, 284 ;

and religious unrest in Paris, 268 -69, 313

Montmorency, house of, 21 ;

and L'Hôpital, 326 ;

patronage of Pasquier, 27 ;

protégés of, 22 ;

religion of, 260 ;

rivalry with Bourbons, 428

Montmorency-Damville, Henry of, 260 n

Montpensier, duc de, 285 ;

in Day of the Barricades, 359

Montpensier, Madame, 360 ,

preachers of, 379 ;

tableau of, 350 , 352 , 353 , 432

Moral values, of parlementaires, 120 n, 134 -35

More, Thomas, 109 ;

on war, 157

Morin de Cromé, Louis, 390 , 416 n

Morosini, Francesco, 365 -66

Morvilliers, Jean de (bishop of Orléans), 242

Mos gallicus , 93

Motherhood, as career, 54

Mouchy, Antoine de, 237

Muret, Marc-Antoine, 110

N

Naples, Kingdom of, 227

Nationalism, French: cultural, 67 , 115 -116, 117 -18;

and Gallicanism, 458 ;

"juridical," 91 -94, 107 ;

of Reformed Church, 174 ;

religious, 162 ;

threat of ultramontanism to, 115

Naudé, Gabriel, 165

Neapolitans, in Paris, 431

Neo-Stoicism, 109 -12;

of Du Vair, 470

― 531 ―

Netherlands:

Huguenots in, 317 ;

struggle against Spain, 111

Neuilly, Étienne, 338 , 392 ;

in Estates of the League, 402

Neuschel, Kristen, 23 n

Nevers, Louis de Gonzague (duc de):

debts of, 341 ;

embassy to Clement VIII, 414 -15, 423 ;

support of Henri IV, 411 , 458 -59

Nevers, Madame de, 414

Nez d'Argent, Sergeant, 260 , 281

Nicodemites, 166 -67, 294 , 481 ;

parlementaires among, 167 , 248 , 294 , 327

Nîmes, Protestant assemblies in, 262

Nobility:

clientage relationships with parlementaires, 121 , 229 , 462 ;

competition among, 274 ;

m conversion crisis, 411 -12;

and ennobled robins , 50 ;

heretics among, 217 ;

humanism of, 95 ;

importance to robins , 50 , 128 -29, 144 ;

inbreeding among, 55 ;

libraries of, 99 ;

power over robins , 46 ;

Protestants among, 258 , 285 ;

rapprochement with gens de robe , 36 , 50 ;

religious polarization of, 251 ;

rural, 50 -51;

support of League truce, 407 ;

theories of superiority of, 129

Nogaret, Guillaume, 161

Norris, Sir Henry, 315

O

O, seigneur d', 359 , 434 , 436

Oestreich, Gerhard, 111 , 112

Olivier, François, 73 ;

career of, 18 -19;

fall from presidency, 45 , 221 ;

on Parlement, 74 , 84 ;

as spokesman of Parlement, 16

Olivier, Jacques, 18

Olivier family, 45

Olivier-Martin, François:

on corporatist France, 80 ;

on customary law, 24 , 66 n

Oppède (président of Parlement of Aix), 213

Order of St. Michael, 263

Ordinance of Blois (1579), 86 n, 148 ;

registration of, 346 -47

Ordinances of Moulins, 309

Ordonnances , 7 ;

addition to customary law, 66

Orgeuil , 155 -56

Orléans:

fall to Henri IV, 424 ;

heresy cases in, 217 ;

immigrants from, 44 ;

struggle with Burgundy, 7 , 40

Orléans, Louis d', 392 n;

as avocat du roi, 376 ;

Banquete du Conte d'Arete , 415 n;

in Estates of the League, 402 ;

as ligueur , 389 , 391

Orth, Myra, 190

Ory, Matthieu, 208

Ossat, Arnauld d' (bishop of Bayeux), 442 , 454 ;

on Edict of Nantes, 451

Oysel, Henri de Clutin (sieur d'), 301

P

Pacification of Amboise (1563), 184 , 186 , 283 , 299 ;

effect on Parlement, 289 -98, 476 ;

modifications to, 315 ;

Parlement's attitude toward, 286 , 314 -16;

terms of, 285 , 287 ;

ultra-Catholic attack on, 289 .

See also Civil War, First

Padua, law school of, 98

Palais de Justice, ceremonies at, 75

Pamphleteers: Huguenot, 59 , 186 -87, 238 ;

of League, 326 ;

on succession of Henri IV, 379 , 410 , 415

Pamphlets, collections of, 101 -2

Papacy:

alliance with Guise faction, 227 ;

Avignon, 116 , 136 ;

Bull of 1585, 115 ;

controversy with Parlement, 393 -98;

Gallican view of, 88 ;

Henri IV's accommodation with, 441 -43, 450 ;

in Henri IV's conversion crisis, 412 ;

imperial power of, 88 , 89 ;

during Paris League rebellion, 332 , 365 ;

relations with Sixteen, 387 , 388 ;

struggle with Venice, 104 , 118 , 152

Papal legates:

instructions to ligueur preachers, 414 -15;

opposition of Sixteen to, 366 ;

reception in France, 90 ;

registration of, 90 , 443 .

See also Sega, Filippo, cardinal de Plaisance (papal legate)

Pape, Guy, 99

Papiste (epithet), 252 , 253

Paris:

autos-da-fé, 212 , 215 ;

bourgeoisie of, 339 , 341 ;

Christophe de Thou's service to, 24 -25;

Conciergerie, 148 , 217 , 313 , 364 ;

crime in, 141 ;

diocesan council of, 201 ;

exemption from Edict of January, 271 , 277 ;

expulsion of Protestants from, 281 ;

Henri IV's appeal to, 416 ;

Henri IV's reduction of, 398 , 430 -33, 436 ;

Henri IV's siege of, 386 -87, 398 -99;

municipal militia of, 278 , 313 , 420 -21;

persecution in, 238 -39, 241 , 271 -72;

plague (1562), 282 ;

pourparler de , 255 -56;

Protestant assemblies in, 232 -33, 251 , 254 , 255 , 261 ;

public welfare in, 132 ;

Reformed Church in, 184 , 227 ;

reli-

― 532 ―

Paris (continued )

gious unrest in, 251 -52, 268 -73, 276 , 431 ;

residences of parlementaires in, 149 ;

royal entries into, 76 , 215 , 430 -32;

separation from French society, 462 ;

Spanish troops in, 382 n, 387 , 405 , 424 n, 431 ;

struggle for municipal government of, 386 , 391 ;

support of Guise faction, 277 ;

toleration of dissent in, 228 ;

vandalism in, 181 , 202 .

See also Bureau de Ville; Hôtel de Ville; Parlement of Paris

Paris Cordeliers, 346 -37

Paris League. See League, Paris

Parlementaires:

accusations of heresy against, 272 , 281 ;

arrest by Henri II, 237 -38;

arrest by League, 375 -76;

attitude toward crime, 144 -49;

attitude toward heresy, 2 , 184 , 185 , 195 -200, 394 , 464 ;

attitude toward money, 45 , 131 -33;

attitude toward wives, 126 , 127 ;

avenues of advancement for, 44 -48;

as bon catholique françois , 466 ;

bourgeois origins of, 461 , 465 ;

on cause of civil wars, 78 -79;

clemency toward criminals, 147 -48, 217 ;

commissions on heresy, 182 , 196 -98, 201 , 211 , 214 ;

compromise with League, 37 ;

constitutionalism of, 61 , 64 , 65 n, 79 , 257 , 275 , 296 , 318 -19;

costume of, 75 , 76 , 137 , 463 ;

country houses of, 150 , 155 ;

decline in standards of, 136 -37;

defense of Gallicanism, 1 , 20 , 52 , 60 , 67 , 80 , 88 , 89 , 174 , 195 , 302 , 415 , 456 n, 459 -61;

diplomatic activity of, 48 , 49 ;

disdain of violence, 156 -57, 431 ;

distinction between nobility and, 467 ;

education of, 95 -98;

effect of Wars of Religion on, 175 ;

enmity with Duprat, 164 , 178 , 180 , 195 -96;

ethical codes of, 134 -35;

exile of, 37 , 421 , 438 , 481 ;

family alliances of, 55 , 120 , 134 , 468 ;

at Fontainebleau consultations, 303 -7;

on Guise assassinations, 372 ;

hanging in effigy, 283 , 284 n;

Henri II's trial of, 237 -38;

heresy trials of, 245 -46;

in history of Gaillard, 115 ;

humanism of, 95 -96, 105 ;

ideals of, 134 -41, 144 , 463 -68;

image of, 153 -59;

image under Henri IV, 464 -65;

importance of family to, 120 , 465 -66;

intellectual interests of, 105 -19;

intermarriage among, 55 , 120 ;

libraries of, 95 , 98 -104;

life-style of, 149 -53;

ligueurs among, 338 , 392 , 397 , 402 , 434 , 438 , 461 ;

moral values of, 120 n, 134 -35;

model, 137 -40, 184 , 467 ;

murders by Paris League, 340 , 390 -91, 408 , 439 ;

networks of, 128 ;

Nicodemites among, 167 , 248 , 294 , 327 ;

opposition to Concordat of Bologna, 12 , 20 n, 67 , 90 , 137 , 164 , 176 , 177 -80, 195 , 319 , 477 ;

opposition to League, 388 ;

orgeuilleux , 156 ;

patronage of, 4 , 13 , 17 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 37 , 121 , 229 , 462 ;

in peace negotiations of First Civil War, 284 ;

police report of 1562 on, 218 , 288 -89;

poverty of, 131 ;

pragmatism of, 469 ;

privileges for, 52 n;

in procession of St-Medard, 272 , 285 -82;

profession of faith, 272 , 281 , 289 -90, 291 , 293 ;

religious orthodoxy of, 196 -99, 209 , 244 , 272 , 479 ;

religious traditions of, 1 -2, 11 , 161 -72, 478 -82;

residences of, 149 -50;

response to religious dissent, 175 -77, 187 ;

role in social system, 475 , 482 ;

on royal commissions, 48 -49;

on rural nobles, 50 -51;

in Satyre Ménippée , 428 ;

scholarship of, 104 -5;

security in office for, 81 ;

seigneurial life of, 150 , 156 ;

socioeconomic differences among, 34 -35;

status of, 155 n;

support for Paris League, 52 n;

support of Henri IV, 58 , 482 ;

suspension by François I, 200 ;

trials of (1559), 245 -46;

ultra-Catholics among, 11 , 12 , 209 ;

"unreliables" among, 290 -91;

view of antiquity, 107 ;

view of history, 112 -19;

view of Parlement, 80 -87;

view of society, 120 ;

wealth of, 50 , 131 -32, 153 ;

wives of, 124 -27;

work ethic of, 134 , 144 , 156 .

See also Elites, robin;Praticiens ; Présidents, of Parlement

Parlementaires, mainstream, 2 , 11 ;

attitude toward heresy, 478 -79;

attitude toward ultramontanism, 479 ;

Baillet's leadership of, 195 ;

compromises with constitutionalism, 469 ;

constitutionalism of, 94 ;

on fall of the Paris League, 392 ;

following First Civil War, 290 ;

religious differences among, 177 , 229 , 238 ;

on religious persecution, 230 ;

repression of heresy, 221 ;

resistance to League, 481 ;

spokesmen for, 11 -40, 74 , 86 , 164 , 195 , 464 , 469 ;

support of monarchy, 319 ;

and ultras, 291

Parlementaires, politiques : of 1577, 446 ;

attack of League on, 374 -76;

definition of, 325 -28;

divisions among, 36 ;

Du Vair as,

― 533 ―

38 , 109 ;

following defeat of League, 403 ;

Henri IV's support of, 409 ;

historians among, 115 , 116 ;

murder of, 390 -91, 408 , 439 ;

during Paris League rebellion, 333 ;

royalist, 62 ;

support of Henri IV, 381 -82, 482 ;

violence against, 413 -14

Parlement of Aix, 211 , 213

Parlement of Bordeaux, 8 , 30 ;

anti-Huguenot sentiments of, 286 ;

"private" justice in, 298 ;

Protestants in, 261

Parlement of Brittany, 16

Parlement of Châlons, 388 ;

arrêt of June 28,1593, 392 , 394 -96;

return to Paris, 434 , 437 n;

status of, 430

Parlement of Dijon, 130 , 287 , 481 n;

and Edict of Nantes, 449

Parlement of Paris:

on arrêt of Parlement of Châlons, 396 ;

arrêts of, 65 , 211 , 213 , 215 ;

in assembly of St-Germain, 264 ;

attack of Parisian curés on, 349 -50, 409 ;

attitude toward crime, 144 -49;

autonomy of, 8 ;

during Avignon papacy, 136 ;

on banishment of governor Belin, 422 -23;

banning of books, 189 , 194 ;

cardinal de Lorraine's pressure on, 230 ;

career patterns in, 55 , 439 , 462 -63, 469 , 472 ;

in ceremonial processions, 75 -76;

as check on monarchy, 65 , 68 -69, 77 , 80 ;

chronological list of, 9 n;

clerics in, 15 , 35 , 41 , 47 -48, 57 , 80 -81, 466 ;

as coguardian of constitution, 72 ;

collaboration with royal religious policy, 207 -14;

commission on blasphemy, 196 -99;

commission to Catherine de Médicis, 267 -68, 269 ;

comparison with Roman senate, 66 , 105 , 157 ;

composition of, 7 -9, 35 , 462 ;

condemnation of arrêt of Châlons, 392 n;

under Charles IX, 295 -98, 318 -20;

Condé's récusations against, 280 -81, 282 ;

conflicts with L'Hôpital, 23 n, 241 , 243 , 309 -10, 476 ;

conflicts with Louise de Savoie, 72 , 177 , 195 -201, 208 ;

conflicts with papacy, 393 -98;

conflicts with Valois monarchy, 67 -77, 195 -201, 318 -20;

confrontation with papal legate, 420 , 422 ;

conservatism of, 54 ;

constitutionalism of, 60 -61, 74 , 79 , 257 , 275 , 296 , 298 , 318 -19, 406 ;

control of rural areas, 145 ;

corruption in, 143 ;

cost of office in, 143 ;

in Day of the Barricades, 361 -62;

defense of fundamental law, 68 -69, 403 ;

defense of jurisdictions, 83 -84, 198 , 221 ;

defense of orthodoxy, 196 -99, 209 ;

dissidents m, 290 -91, 292 ;

divisions within, 11 , 91 , 137 , 184 , 229 ;

domination by elites, 10 -11, 41 ;

on edict of April 19 (1561), 252 -54;

and Edict of Nantes, 4 , 91 , 188 , 382 n, 444 -49;

effect of international crises on, 229 ;

effect on social cohesion, 463 ;

election to, 7 -8;

entry to bishopric from, 81 ;

entry to royal service from, 35 ,

exile of Michel Gaillard, 255 ;

family alliances in, 55 , 120 , 134 , 468 ;

in First Civil War, 283 ;

fragmentation after Edict of Amboise, 289 -98;

under Fran-çois I, 9 -10, 41 , 80 -82, 89 , 176 , 200 -201, 205 ;

generations within, 11 -12;

under Henri I, 176 ;

under Henri II, 176 , 182 , 223 -25, 229 -34;

under Henri III, 321 , 342 ;

Henri IV's alliance with, 188 ;

Henri IV's return and, 433 -36;

Henri IV's rehabilitation of, 403 , 434 -40, 464 ;

heresy in, 287 -88;

Huguenots in, 243 , 445 ;

on iconoclasm, 202 ;

ideological factions within, 208 -9, 222 , 234 , 277 ;

immigrants in, 41 -45;

independence of, 68 ;

institutional history of, 7 , 41 n;

intellectual leadership of, 104 -5;

internal discipline of, 20 , 465 -66;

investigation of tumult of St-Medard, 272 ;

judicial independence of, 460 ;

jurisdiction over heresy, 207 -8, 219 , 225 , 235 , 241 , 248 , 252 -54;

League attacks on, 374 -76, 388 ;

length of service in, 81 , 439 , 462 -63;

life members of, 35 , 36 , 469 ;

ligueur , 376 , 388 , 397 , 403 , 434 ;

and lit de justice of 1563, 295 -96;

under Louis XI, 7 -8, 42 -43;

under Louis XII, 8 -9;

loyalty to monarchy, 243 , 421 , 460 ;

and majority of Charles IX, 295 -98;

and Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 186 n, 317 -18, 484 ;

Mayennistes in, 387 , 392 ;

members of Paris League in, 338 ;

nationalism of, 91 -94;

oath to League (1589), 419 ;

opposition to Chambre Ardente, 221 -22;

opposition to Edict of January, 188 , 257 , 264 -69, 319 ;

opposition to Inquisition, 231 -32;

opposition to Ordinances of Moulins, 309 ;

opposition to Reformation, 229 n;

opposition to Trent decrees, 4 , 31 n, 441 , 443 , 452 -55;

Parisians in, 8 , 40 -42;

under Paris League, 340 , 363 ;

parlementaire view of, 80 -87;

partage votes in, 297 ;

place in royal bureaucracy, 461 ;

ple-

― 534 ―

Parlement of Paris (continued )

nary sessions of, 209 , 222 , 247 ;

police investigation of, 218 , 288 -89;

praticiens in, 139 , 153 , 154 , 439 , 464 , 469 ;

on presidial courts, 86 n;

procedural manuals of, 3 ;

procureurs' strike, 342 -43;

proliferation of offices in, 12 , 34 , 41 n, 83 , 224 ;

prosecution of religious dissent, 89 , 173 ;

prosopography of, 3 ;

Protestants in, 480 ;

protest of evocations, 77 , 84 , 197 , 198 ;

protest of religious unrest, 251 ;

public confidence in, 60 ;

qualifications for, 83 , 466 -67;

and regency of Catherine de Médicis, 176 , 223 , 244 , 277 , 289 ;

registers, 2 -3, 180 , 218 , 220 , 288 ;

registers, secret, 269 , 311 ;

registration of Concordat of Bologna, 177 ;

registration of Edict of 1539, 207 ;

registration of Edict of Amboise, 240 , 285 , 287 , 294 , 298 ;

registration of Edict of January (1562), 294 ;

registration of Edict of July (1561), 257 ;

registration of Edict of La Rochelle, 321 ;

registration of Edict of Nantes, 91 , 188 , 445 , 449 ;

registration of Edict of Union, 365 ;

registration of edicts, 68 , 69 , 71 , 224 , 231 , 252 , 298 , 435 , 477 -78;

registration of edicts of pacification, 297 ;

registration of Ordinances of Blois, 346 -47;

registration of papal legates, 90 , 443 ;

registration of Trent decrees, 77 ;

relationship with Estates General, 85 -87;

relations with Condé, 276 , 278 -81, 284 ;

religious traditions of, 4 ;

remonstrance in Lizet affair, 220 ;

remonstrance of 1489, 76 ;

remonstrance to duc de Mayenne, 425 ;

remonstrance to François I, 81 ;

remonstrance to Louise de Savoie, 197 ;

as representative of monarchy, 76 , 83 ;

ressort of, 24 , 48 , 66 ;

on return of religious exiles, 253 -54;

right of remonstrance, 68 , 69 , 290 , 318 ;

and rise of League, 4 , 331 , 338 -39;

role in corporate state, 80 ;

role in Edict of July, 257 , 291 -92;

role in national defense, 92 ;

roll under Henri IV, 438 ;

and royalist parlements in exile, 430 , 434 ;

royal patronage of, 42 ;

"school of," 26 n;

Sixteen's attacks on, 188 , 385 , 389 -90;

social controls on, 465 ;

sorcery cases in, 146 ;

sources of authority, 86 ;

as spokesman of politiques , 408 ;

struggle over jurisdictions, 84 -87, 297 -98, 460 ;

in succession debates, 407 -9;

on succession of Infanta Isabella, 406 ;

support of Gregory XIV, 397 ;

support of Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, 91 , 195 , 196 , 346 , 453 ;

supremacy over provincial parlements, 298 ;

système de semestre, 224 ;

treatment of heresy, 19 -20, 194 -98, 210 -11, 230 , 233 -34;

trial of Berquin case, 176 , 193 -94, 199 -203;

trial of Condé, 275 -76;

and tumult of St-Médard, 260 ;

wages of, 437 .

See also Early generation; Crisis generation; Later generations; Parlementaires, mainstream; Parlementaires, Présidents; Transitional generation

Parlement of Rennes, 480

Parlement of Rouen, lit de justice (1563), 87 , 295 , 296 n, 297 , 311

Parlement of Toulouse, 8 ;

"private" justice in, 298 ;

Protestants in, 261 ;

treatment of dissidents, 286 ;

treatment of heresy, 206

Parlement of Tours, 394 n;

arrival in Paris, 436 -37;

denunciation of Bull of Gregory XIV, 397 ;

establishment by Henri III, 378 , 388 ;

Jacques Faye in, 31 ;

return to Paris, 413 , 434 ;

status of, 430

Parlements, regional:

autonomy of, 144 ;

dissidents in, 286 ;

Parlement of Paris's supremacy over, 298 ;

registration of Edict of Nantes, 449 ;

registration of edicts, 221 , 298

Parricide, 145

Pasquier, Étienne:

advice to parents, 56 ;

on Battle of Ivry, 385 ;

as bibliophile, 27 ;

career of, 27 -28;

in chambre mi-partie, 261 n;

character of, 140 ;

circle of, 105 ;

on civil wars, 273 ;

compromises with constitutionalism, 470 ;

correspondence of, 26 , 33 , 122 , 151 , 258 ;

on Counter-Reformation, 115 ;

on country life, 151 ;

death of, 333 n;

defense of University of Paris, 476 ;

depiction as Socrates, 93 , 116 , 135 ;

on duc d'Épernon, 354 ;

early life of, 26 -27;

on Edict of January, 269 ;

on Edict of Nantes, 449 ;

on Estates General, 371 ;

on ethnic rivalry, 129 ;

exile of, 332 ;

on family, 122 ;

friends and associates, 33 ;

on Gallicanism, 456 n, 459 ;

on Guise assassinations, 372 -73;

on Henri III, 343 , 368 ;

on Henri IV, 379 , 381 , 382 ;

on Henri IV's conversion, 413 ;

on Henri IV's return to Paris, 433 ;

interest in corporatism, 79 ;

Loisel on, 135 -36, 137 , 139 ,

― 535 ―

463 ;

on Machiavelli, 116 ;

as mainstream spokesman, 464 ;

on marriage, 124 -25, 126 ;

models of, 3 , 136 ;

on monarchy, 68 ;

on nobility, 130 ;

on Paris League, 335 -36;

during Paris League rebellion, 332 , 362 , 364 -65;

on Paris preachers, 351 ;

on Parlement, 87 ;

patrons of, 27 ;

on Pax Romana, 107 ;

poetry of, 107 -8;

on politiques , 328 ;

on pourparler de Paris , 255 -56;

on Protestant assemblies, 258 ;

rejection of superstition, 118 , 171 ;

on role of Parlement, 86 , 345 ;

on royal domain, 68 , 69 ;

on Sixteen, 462 ;

study of history, 112 , 117 ;

on Third Civil War, 315 -16;

on wealth, 131 ;

on women, 127 -28;

work on customary law, 48 .

Works:

Advis aus français , 413 ;

Catéchisme des jesuites , 414 ;

Recherches de la France , 27 , 65 , 86 , 108 , 117 , 119 ;

Traité des Privileges et Libertez de l'Eglise gallicane , 29

"Pasquier, ou le Dialogue des avocats du Parlement du Paris." See "Dialogue des avocats du Parlement du Paris" (Loisel)

Pasquier, Pierre, 122

Pasquier, Theodore, 433

Pasquils (satires), 323 , 367

Passerat, Jean, 428 n

Patin, Guy, 100

Paul III (pope), 17 ;

liberal views of, 182 , 205 , 206 , 210 ;

suppression of reform, 183

Paul IV (pope), 184 ;

alliance with Henri II, 227

Paul V (pope), 445

La paulette , 82

Pax Romana, 107

Pays de Vaud, heresy in, 211 -12, 213 , 214

Peace of Augsburg (1555), 164 , 226

Peace of Monsieur (1576), 186 , 315 n;

concessions to Huguenots in, 324 ;

ineffectiveness of, 337 .

See also Edicts of pacification

Peace of Vervins (1598), 33

Pellevé, cardinal, 422 ;

in Satyre Ménippée , 427

Pepin III (king of Franks), 162

Pericles, 126

Perjury, punishment for, 145

Perreuse (prévôt des marchands), 363

Perrot, François, 28

Persecution of heresy, 211 -12, 282 ;

failure of, 310 ;

mainstream parlementaires on, 230 ;

in Paris, 238 -39, 241 , 271 -72

Petit, Guillaume, 15

Philip II (king of Spain):

alliance with Guise faction, 339 , 367 ;

and Antoine de Bourbon, 264 ;

and Council of Trent, 184 ;

marriage to Élisabeth de Valois, 238 n, 303 , 307 ;

marriage to Mary Tudor, 227 ;

recall of Chantonnay, 302 ;

relations with Catherine de Médicis, 302 -3;

support of Paris League, 339 , 367 , 405 ;

support of Sixteen, 1 -2, 407 ;

support of ultra-Catholics, 185 , 186 , 251 ;

war with France, 223 , 226

Philip IV, the Fair (king of France), 348 ;

conflict with papacy, 91 , 161

Philip Augustus (king of France), 237

Philip Emanuel (duke of Savoy), 238 n, 369

Philosophy, ancient:

parlementaires' study of, 108 -11

Picardy: Condé's following in, 274 ;

heresy cases in, 217 ;

parlementaires from, 43

Picot, Jean, 267 n, 272

Pinterel, Oger, 218

Pisany, marquis de, 444

Pithou, Pierre:

authorship of Satyre Ménippée , 428 n;

career of, 31 ;

circle of, 105 ;

defense of Salic law, 407 ;

on Gallicanism, 456 n;

in Henri IV's rehabilitation of Parlement, 435 ;

interest in corporatism, 79 ;

Libertés de l'Église gallicane , 31 ;

as mainstream spokesman, 464 ;

on Pax Romana, 107 ;

purge of Parlement registers, 434 ;

in "scholarly Pléiade," 28 ;

study of history, 112

Pitt, William, 83

Pius IV (pope), 301 ;

death of, 309

Place Maubert, 360

Plaisance, Filippo Sega (cardinal de). See Sega, Filippo, cardinal de Plaisance (papal legate)

Pléiade, 108 , 473

—, "scholarly": members of, 28 , 33 ;

nationalism of, 93 -94;

Pasquier in, 135 ;

view of history, 112

Pluralism. See Religious toleration

Plutarch, 84

Poillot, Denis, 48 ;

in Berquin case, 203 ;

diplomatic missions of, 49

Poissy, Colloquy of, 257 , 276 , 293

Poitiers:

cultural life of, 30 ;

grands jours in, 16 , 127 ;

heresy cases in, 217

― 536 ―

La police :

as check on monarchy, 64 , 77 ;

in customary law, 64

Politiques :

alliance with ligueurs , 340 , 418 -19;

definition of, 325 -28;

in Estates of the League, 402 -3;

exile of, 421 ;

Gallicanism of, 471 ;

goals of, 402 ;

in liguer Paris, 399 ;

opposition to League, 352 , 386 ;

Parlement as spokesman for, 408 ;

Pasquier on, 328 ;

as political party, 260 ;

political satires on, 416 ;

political theories of, 326 , 472 ;

public support for, 398 ;

relations with duc de Mayenne, 423 -24;

on religion of Henri IV, 382 ;

robins among, 464 ;

Sixteen's attacks on, 391 -92;

support of Henri IV, 378 .

See also Parlementaires, politique

Poncet family, 45

Poncher, Étienne, 47

Poncher family, 96

Portents, reporting of, 145 -46

Possevino, Antonio, 308 , 414

Pot, Philippe, 99 , 196 , 198

Potier, Nicolas, 375

Poulain, Nicolas, 338 , Procès-verbal of, 356 -57

Pourparler de Pans , 255 -56

Poussemothe, Jean de, 39

Poverty:

parlementaire attitude toward, 131 -33;

as threat to order, 133

Powis, Jonathan, 456 , 457 , 458

Pragmatic realism, 116 n, 469

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438), 20 n, 88 , 459 ;

benefices under, 178 , 179 ;

and Concordat of Bologna, 178 ;

copies of, 99 ;

Parlement's adherence to, 91 , 195 , 196 , 346 , 453

Praticiens , 139 , 154 , 464 ;

banishment by Henri IV, 439 ;

compromises with constitutionalism, 469 ;

function in Parlement, 153

Pratique , codifications of, 153

Preachers:

anti-Protestant, 259 , 466 ;

Catherine de Médicis's ban on, 308 ;

on Guise assassinations, 374 ;

of Madame Montpensier, 379 ;

Parlement's complaint of, 429 ;

Pasquier on, 351 .

See also Clerics; Curés, Parisian

Preachers, ligueur :

on arrêt of Parlement of Châlons, 396 ;

banishment by Henri IV, 432 n, 438 ;

on conversion of Henri IV, 412 ;

on edicts of toleration, 443 ;

on Estates of the League, 404 -5;

instructions of papal legate to, 414 -15;

l'Estoile on, 388 -89;

student audience of, 431 ;

in succession debate, 410

Preachers, Protestant:

arrest of, 270 ;

ban on preaching, 276 ;

exile of, 266 , 268

Pré-aux-Clercs, Protestant services at, 233 , 254 , 255

Pre-réforme , French, 189 ;

end of, 205 ;

participants in, 192

Présidents, of Parlement:

attack on wives of, 424 ;

backgrounds of, 42 ;

clerics among, 81 ;

in Day of the Barricades, 358 ;

on Edict of Nantes, 445 ;

increase in numbers, 155 ;

in royal processions, 75

Prévost, Bernard, 303

Prévost, Jean, 126 , 177 ;

in Berquin case, 203 ;

remonstrance to Louise de Savoie, 197

Prévost, Jean (curé of St-Séverin), 350 , 353 ;

in Sixteen, 338

Prévost, Nicolas, 48

Printers: arrest of, 416 ;

marks of, 62 n

Printing, censorship of, 204 , 213 , 416 , 433

Procureurs , 151 ;

in Day of the Barricades, 358 ;

under Henri IV, 438 ;

strike (1586), 342 -43;

taxation of, 319 , 345

Profession of faith, 476 ;

for gens de robe , 268 ;

for parlementaires, 272 , 281 , 289 -90, 291 , 292 , 293 ;

Taber on, 290

Property, 52 -54;

effect on political alignment, 419 ;

entail of, 53 ;

non-Catholic transactions of, 268 ;

violation of Huguenots,' 251 , 253 , 254 ;

women's control of, 123

Protestantism: in French provinces, 261 ;

work ethic of, 134 .

See also Calvinism

Protestants:

acceptance of Henri IV, 441 ;

in circle of Pasquier, 33 ;

civil rights of, 395 ;

expulsion from Paris, 281 ;

under Henri IV, 395 , 396 ;

in Mémoires-Journaux , 142 ;

Montmorency's violence against, 270 ;

in Parlement, 480 ;

persecution of, 238 -39, 241 , 271 -72, 282 ;

possession of firearms, 258 ;

public assemblies of, 232 -33, 251 , 254 , 255 , 258 -59, 262 , 264 , 316 ;

in public office, 449 , 450 ;

in registers of Parlement, 3 ;

robin , 219 .

See also Heretics; Huguenots; Religious dissenters; Religious reformers

La Puce (Loisel), 30

Purgatory, doctrine of, 152 , 172 ;

Henri IV on, 412

― 537 ―

Pybrac Du Faur, Guy, 138 , 299

Q

Quélain, Michel, 290

Quélain, Nicolas, 87

R

Rabelais, François:

caricature of judges, 155 ;

on family, 128 ;

on marriage, 125 , 126

Radouant, René:

on character of Du Vair, 354 , 406 ;

on duc de Mayenne, 376 -77;

on Harlay, 344 , 345 , 436 ;

on Mary Stuart's funeral oration, 353 ;

on rehabilitation of Parlement, 435 ;

on speeches of Du Vair, 382 , 383

Ramus, Pierre, 110 ;

influence on Loisel, 29 , 31 ;

influence on Pasquier, 27

Rancher, Antoine, 447 , 449 n

Ranke, 325

Rapin, Nicolas, 428 n

Ravaillac, François, 456

Le rayonnement (cultural leadership), 163

Real Presence. See Eucharist

Rebours, Claude, 107

Rebuffi, 64 , 322

Recherches de la France (Pasquier), 27 , 65 , 86 , 108 , 227 ;

manuscripts of, 119

Recidivism, 205

Reformation:

"magisterial," 203 -4;

parlementaire opposition to, 229 n;

"radical," 204 n

Reformers, religious. See Religious reformers

Regalia, ceremonial, 72 , 76

Regicide, 145

Registers:

comparison with Mémoires-Journaux , 483 ;

of Conciergerie, 313 ;

function of, 484

Registers of Parlement, 2 -3, 180 , 218 , 220 , 288 ;

Protestants in, 3 ;

purge of, 434 ;

secret, 269 , 311

Regnard, Florent, 268 n;

on commission to Catherine de Médicis, 268 n, 269

Religion:

choice in, 165 -66;

as cohesive force, 163 -64;

controversial literature of, 103 -4;

effect on political alignment, 419 ;

exploitation of, 142 ;

importance to monarchy, 63 -64, 417 -18;

L'Estoile on, 158 , 167 -68;

ostentation in, 165 , 244 , 271 -72, 277 ;

robin attitude toward, 157 -58, 165 -66;

role in state, 426

Religious dissenters:

challenges to Gallican tradition, 172 -75, 185 ;

François I's toleration of, 182 , 205 ;

parlementaire response to, 175 -77, 187 ;

robin attitude toward, 381

Religious reformers, 172 -75;

exile of, 193 , 205 ;

sympathy of gens du robe for, 262 ;

Valois attitude toward, 189 -92

Religious services, Protestant:

Bèze's performance of, 258 ;

gens du roi at, 266 ;

at Paris, 232 , 251 , 261 , 270 ;

at Pré-aux-Clercs, 233 , 254 , 255 ;

prohibition of, 268

Religious toleration:

early advocates of, 477 ;

edicts of, 30 , 176 , 326 ;

failure of, 249 -58;

by François I, 182 , 205 ;

Henri IV's policy of, 450 ;

humanists' acceptance of, 469 ;

L'Hôpital on, 310 ;

in Paris, 228 ;

Parlement's treatment of, 19 -20, 194 -96, 210 -11, 230 , 233 -34, 477 ;

policy of Catherine de Médicis, 23 , 175 , 240 , 249 -58, 275 -76, 287 , 300 , 309 , 326 , 450 ;

resistance of Estates to, 325 n;

threat to French constitution, 477 , 481 .

See also Edict of Nantes (1598-99)

Religious unrest, 261 ;

L'Hôpital on, 251 -52;

in Paris, 268 -73, 276 , 431 ;

parlementaire protest of, 250 , 251

Remission of crimes, 148

Renaudot, Théophraste, 133

Residences, of parlementaires, 149 -50

Resignatio in favorem , 8 , 41 , 82 , 300

Retz, duchesse de, 122

Reuchlin, Johannes, 15 , 113

Reulos, Michel, 31 , 65 -66;

on praticiens , 154

Rice, Eugene, 95 -96

Richelieu, cardinal, 77 , 112

Richet, Denis, 9 ;

on elites, 340 , 419 ;

on family, 121 ;

on French Reformed Church, 228 ;

on matrimony, 54 ;

on Pierre (I) Séguier, 21 ;

on robins , 41 -42, 51

Ripault, Christophe, 447 , 448 n

Rivault de Fleurance, David, 129

Robertet, Florimond, 9 , 43

Robins :

access to benefices, 52 ;

antagonism with nobility, 130 n;

attitude toward law and order, 134 ;

attitude toward Paris League, 341 ;

autonomy among, 56 -57, 121 ;

avenues of advancement for, 44 -48;

banishment by Henri IV, 439 ;

book collections of, 99 -104;

bourgeois, 461 ;

Burgundian, 461 ;

in circle of Pasquier, 33 ;

class distinctions among, 128 -29;

clients of, 122 ;

at Council of Trent, 299 ;

desire

― 538 ―

Robins (continued )

for nobility, 50 , 51 , 128 -29, 144 ;

education of, 92 ;

exemption from taxation, 52 ;

goals of, 50 ;

historians among, 29 ;

in Holy League, 324 ;

immigrants to Paris, 41 -45;

intellectual pursuits of, 95 , 473 ;

interest in history, 112 ;

jusqu'au-boutistes among, 340 ;

long-range planning of, 51 , 53 ;

Parisian, 40 -42, 151 ;

in Paris League, 461 , 480 ;

politique , 464 ;

predominance in Parlement, 8 ;

pride in heredity, 153 ;

privileges of, 52 -53;

Protestant, 219 , 261 -62;

religious attitudes of, 157 -58, 165 -66, 167 , 175 , 244 -48, 381 , 461 , 464 , 480 ;

response to religious dissent, 175 -77;

satirization of, 155 ;

spiritual life of, 165 ;

upward mobility of, 54 , 133 -34;

value of royal service for, 49 -50;

vices attributed to, 156 .

See also Elites, robins; Gens de robe ; Lawyers

Robiquet, Paul, 483

Roches, Catherine des, 127

Roger, François, 200

Rogier family, 44

Rohan, Pierre de (maréchal de Gié), 13

Rohan family, 258

Roillart, Louis, 203

Roman law:

Bartholomé Faye's work on, 25 ;

in book collections, 100 ;

contrast with customary law, 65 ;

increase in authority of, 24 ;

influence on French law, 106 -7;

Le Caron's work on, 32 ;

parlementaire interest in, 105 .

See also Customary law; Fundamental law

Roman senate, 66 , 105 , 157

Rome, sack of (1527), 201

Romier, Lucien, 250 , 265 , 428 ;

on civil wars, 273 -74

Ronsard, Pierre de, 56 , 108 ;

epitaph for Marie Brachet, 126

Rose, Guillaume (bishop of Senlis), 394 , 404 ;

in Satyre Ménippée , 427

Rostaing, Tristan de, 265

Rouen' crime in, 144 , 145 ;

heresy cases in, 208 , 211 ;

siege of, 283 .

See also Parlement of Rouen

Rouillard, Jacques, 268

Roussel, Gerard, 200 , 203

Royal domain. Charles VII's expansion of, 43 ;

inalienability of, 61 , 63 , 79 ;

Parlement's role in, 68

Roye, Éléonore (princess de Condé), 284

Ruellé, Pierre, 447 , 448 n

Ruzé, Jean, 270

Ruzé, Pierre, 254

Ruzé family, 44 ;

humanist education of, 96

S

Sacramentaires, 193 , 201 ;

clemency for, 205 ;

punishment of, 247 ;

Suriano on, 292

Sadoleto, Jacopo, 167 n

Saint-André, François de:

affiliation with ultras, 277 , 291 ;

career of, 46 , 81 ;

in Chambre Ardente, 215 -16;

on commission to Catherine de Médicis, 269 ;

and Edict of January, 267 ;

in negotiations with Condé, 279 , 280 ;

as president, 183 , 235 ;

purchase of Budé's library, 215 ;

in trial of parlementaires, 237 , 245

Saint-André, Marshal:

in assembly of St-Germain, 263 ;

death of, 283 ;

in Triumvirate, 251 , 277

Sainte-Marthe, Scévole de, 21 , 335 n, 362

Sainte-Marthe family, 33

Saint-Gelais, Louis de, 299 , 370

Salic law, 39 ;

attempts to annul, 115 ;

Du Vair's defense of, 92 , 332 , 391 , 406 , 407 , 408 -9;

as fundamental law, 61 ;

Giesey's study of, 63 n;

Henri IV's claim under, 418 ;

importance to parlementaires, 79 , 434 ;

justification of, 62 ;

moderates' defense of, 340 ;

Spanish threat to, 469 ;

ultramontane threat to, 479 .

See also Fundamental law

Salmon, J. H. M., 65 n, 110 , 139 ;

on Civil Wars, 274 , 321 -22;

on duc de Mayenne, 393 ;

on Gallicanism, 456 n;

on L'Estoile, 484 ;

on L'Hôpital, 310 , 311 , 312 ;

on Paris League, 420 ;

on Protestant parlementaires, 480 ;

on Sixteen, 461 ;

Society in Crisis , 326

Saluces, marquisate of, 369

Sancy, Harlay de, 33

Sanguin, Nicole, 211

Santa Croce, Prospero di, 271 , 277 , 303 -4;

on Catherine de Médicis, 307 -8;

on Pacification of Amboise, 285 -86;

on Trent decrees, 302

Sapin, Jean-Baptiste, 282 , 288

Sarpi, Paolo, 104

Satires, political, 415 -16;

on Henri III, 323 ;

pasquils , 323 , 367

Satyre Ménippée, ou vertu du Catholicon d'Espagne , 102 , 425 -26, 470 ;

authors of,

― 539 ―

31 , 428 n;

circulation of, 415 , 427 ;

contents of, 427 -29

Saulx-Tavannes family, 286

Sauqueville, Guillaume de, 161

Savoie, Louise de. See Louise de Savoie

Savoy, war with, 451

Sawyer, Jeffrey, 472

Scaliger, J.-C., 28

Schneider, Mical H., 96 ;

on parlementaire moral values, 120 n, 153 , 154 , 464 ;

on work ethic, 134

Scholarship:

legal, 105 , 464 ;

patronage of, 105 ;

Renaissance, 106

Scotland, alliance with France, 227 , 228

Seaulieu, merchants of, 130

Second League. See League, Paris

Sega, Filippo, cardinal de Plaisance (papal legate), 414 , 449 n;

confrontation with Parlement, 420 , 422 ;

on conversion of Henri IV, 442 ;

departure from Paris, 444 ;

and duc de Mayenne, 420 -21, 422 , 424 ;

in Satyre Ménippée , 427

Séguier, Antoine, 405 , 438 ;

as ambassador to Venice, 444

Séguier, Louis:

interrogation of group de Meaux , 198 ;

remonstrance to Louise de Savoie, 197

Séguier, Pierre (I), 16 ;

accusations of heresy against, 272 , 281 ;

avoidance of arrest, 375 ;

career of, 20 -21;

death of, 188 , 325 ;

on épices , 224 ;

at Fontainebleau consultations, 303 , 305 ;

on introduction of Inquisition, 229 -30;

leadership of, 183 , 224 , 234 , 320 , 479 ;

liberalism of, 248 ;

and Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 318 ;

at mercuriale of June (1559), 237 ;

as model parlementaire, 138 , 184 ;

as moderate leader, 218 , 476 ;

in negotiations with Condé, 280 ;

opposition to Inquisition, 241 ;

opposition to ultra faction, 20 ;

and profession of faith, 291 ;

rivalry with de Thou, 224

Séguier, Pierre (II), 30

Séguier family, 20 ;

inheritance of office, 224

Seigneurial life, 120 n, 128 , 150 -51

Selve, Jean de, 9 ;

in Berquin case, 200 , 202 , 203 ;

death of, 181 ;

diplomatic missions of, 49 , 199 ;

leadership of mainstream, 195 ;

at lits de justice , 72 ;

mainstream views of, 74 ;

as président, 16 , 179 ;

remonstrance with Louise de Savoie, 179 , 196 ;

repudiation of Treaty of Madrid, 92 ;

royalism of, 77

Semonneux movement, 399 , 400 , 410 ;

propaganda of, 406

Senault, Pierre, 378 , 484

Senlis, fall to Henri IV, 380

Sens, benefice of, 178 , 180 , 195 , 200

Servin, Louis, 438 , 446 ;

on Gallicanism, 456 n

Seyssel, Claude de: career of, 15 -16;

constitutionalism of, 77 ;

diplomatic missions of, 49 ;

on independence of Parlement, 68 , 77 ;

as mainstream spokesman, 14 ;

La Monarchie de France , 12 , 61 , 63 -64, 93 ;

on obedience to law, 66 ;

on parlementaire ideals, 134 ;

political theory of, 60 , 469

Sherman, J. H., 55

Sixteen (faction), 1 -2;

attacks on Parlement, 375 , 385 , 389 -91, 413 -14, 462 , 481 ;

attacks on politiques , 391 -92;

check of moderates of, 340 ;

on d'Aubray, 422 ;

during Day of the Barricades, 361 ;

defeat of, 398 ;

defectors from, 391 ;

defiance of duc de Mayenne, 378 ;

in Estates of Blois, 373 ;

flight from Paris, 392 ;

founders of, 338 , 371 ;

goals of, 321 , 340 ;

on Guise assassinations, 372 -73;

investigation of Parisian magistracy, 387 ;

leadership of, 387 ;

magistrates in, 461 ;

in Mémoires-Journaux , 37 , 380 ;

Nicolas Poulain on, 356 -57;

opposition to papal legate, 366 ;

parlementaire attacks on, 188 , 385 , 424 ;

parlementaire leadership under, 320 ;

Philip's support of, 1 -2, 407 ;

in reduction of Paris, 430 ;

relations with foreign powers, 387 , 388 , 391 ;

robins in, 480 ;

social composition of, 338 -39;

struggle with Mayennistes, 386 , 390 , 392 , 402 ;

and succession of Henri IV, 334

Sixtus V (pope):

during Paris League rebellion, 365 -66;

promulgation of Trent decrees, 349 ;

and succession of Henri de Navarre, 29 , 90 -91, 349 , 394 , 395

Skinner, Quentin, 64 , 65

Sleidan, Jean, 113

Smith, Sir Thomas, 284 , 285 , 309

Society of Jesus:

assassination plots by, 414 ;

effect of Gallicanism on, 459 ;

founding of, 183 ;

under Henri IV, 438 ;

influence on League, 36 ;

legal status of,

― 540 ―

Society of Jesus (continued )

184 ;

in Mémoires-Journaux , 142 ;

parlementaire opposition to, 441 , 476 ;

popular opposition to, 388 ;

priesthood for, 210 ;

readmission to France, 441 , 455 ;

suit against University of Paris, 27 ;

teaching privileges of, 222 ;

threat to nationalism, 115

Socrates, 108 , 144 ;

in history of Gaillard, 113 ;

Pasquier as, 93 , 116 , 135

Solomon, Howard, 120 n, 132 -33

Solon, 354

Soman, Alfred, 148 , 484 ;

on sorcery, 120 n, 146 -47, 217

Sorbonne:

articles of faith, 209 -10, 211 ;

condemnation of Luther, 189 ;

on edicts of toleration, 443 ;

Index of, 182 , 189 , 194 ;

oath to Holy Union, 387 ;

on papal supremacy, 209 ;

policy of repression, 181 , 192 ;

submission to Henri IV, 437 ;

ultramontanism of, 192 .

See also University of Paris

Sorcery, 120 n;

decriminalization of, 147 ;

linkage with heresy, 146 , 217

Sovereignty. See Monarchy; Royal domain

Spain:

aid to Paris League, 336 , 367 , 405 ;

alliance with Guise faction, 227 , 367 ;

Dutch struggle against, 111 ;

influence on League, 36 ;

negotiations with Henri IV, 443 ;

relations with Sixteen, 387 , 388 ;

role of religion in, 426 ;

sorcery cases in, 147 ;

suppression of heresy, 175 , 426 ;

troops in Paris, 382 n, 387 , 405 , 424 n, 431 ;

war with France, 223 , 226 , 232 .

See also Philip II (king of Spain)

Spifâme, Jacques, 293 n

St-André, curé of. See Aubry (curé of St-André)

St-Benoît, benefice of, 178 , 180 , 195 , 200

St-Denis, conversion ceremony at, 412 -13

St-Germain, assembly of (1562), 262 -63

St-Jacques, curé of, 399 , 409

St-Medard:

procession of, 272 , 281 -82;

tumult of, 259 , 265 , 272

Stocker, Christopher, 9 n;

on autonomy of children, 57 ;

on avenues of advancement, 46 ;

on Baillet family, 13 ;

on benefices, 47 ;

on Parisian robins , 42 ;

on venality, 47

Stoicism, 37 , 470 ;

influence on parlementaires, 108 -11.

See also Neo-Stoicism

Stone, Lawrence, 121 n

St-Quentin, battle of, 232

Strasbourg, reform movement at, 173 , 182

Strayer, Joseph R., 91 , 161 -62

Strozzi, Filippo, 254

St-Séverin, day of, 350 , 357

Stuart, Mary. See Mary Stuart (queen of Scots)

Sully, Maximillien de Béthune (duc de), 451

Supernatural, in Mémoires-Journaux , 145 -46

Superstition: Council of Trent on, 300 ;

in Mémoires-Journaux , 141 -42, 171 , 350 ;

Pasquier's rejection of, 118 , 171

Suresnes, conference at, 404 , 406

Suriano, Michele, 250 n;

on Edict of July, 292 -93;

on parlementaire dissidents, 291

Sutherland, N. M., 186 n, 317 ;

on edict of Chateaubriand, 222 ;

on Edict of Romorantin, 241 ;

on Edict of St-Germain, 316 ;

on Fourth Civil War, 321 ;

on Huguenots, 324 ;

on Triumvirate, 250 n;

on Valois's religious policy, 191 , 205 , 207 , 231

Sutto, Claude, 459 -60

Switzerland, Lutheranism in, 204 , 227

T

Taber, Linda L., 238 n, 255 , 259 ;

on Edict of January, 267 ;

on police report of 1562, 218 , 288 -89;

on profession of faith, 290 ;

study of heresy, 287 -88

Tableau of Madame Montpensier, 350 , 352 , 353 , 432

Tacitus, admiration for, 110 , 111 , 469

Taille , exemption from, 52

Tamboneau, Jean, 381

Tardif, Jean, 390 n

Tavel, François, 43 ;

in Chambre Ardente, 218

Tavel, Jean, 197

Tavel family, 43

Taxation, of procureurs, 319 , 345

Tax farmers, 132

Teall, Elizabeth, 120 n, 151

Thermidor mayenniste , 392

Thérouenne, Jean de, 230 , 280

Third Estate:

imprisonment of members, 376 ;

opposition to Trent decrees, 413 ;

Parisian, 324 , 402 ;

support of truce, 407

Third Party, Catholic, 395 ;

and duc de Mayenne, 393 , 398 ;

factions in, 402 ;

rise of, 388

Thomas, François, 267 n

― 541 ―

Thompson, Martyn P., 62 , 63

Thou, Adrien de, 268

Thou, Augustin de:

arrest by League, 375 ;

in Parlement of Châlons, 394 , 396

Thou, Christophe de, 16 ;

in assembly of St-Germain, 263 ;

associates of, 25 ;

on Bureau de Ville, 24 -25;

circle of, 37 ;

La Coutume de Vermandois , 23 ;

death of, 188 , 325 , 333 n, 348 ;

defense of constitutionalism, 406 ;

defense of Gallicanism, 164 ;

and Edict of Amboise, 289 ;

on Edict of January, 266 ;

at Fontainebleau consultations, 303 , 305 ;

on Henri III, 337 ;

interest in Stoicism, 108 , 109 ;

on Journée de St-Séverin, 350 ;

leadership of crisis generation, 19 , 22 -23, 25 , 104 , 183 , 224 , 320 , 476 , 479 ;

L'Estoile on, 139 ;

ligueur accusations against, 336 -37;

and majority of Charles IX, 295 -96;

at mercuriale of June (1559), 237 ;

as model parlementaire, 37 , 138 -39, 184 ;

in negotiations with Condé, 279 , 280 ;

opposition to edicts of toleration, 347 ;

opposition to papacy, 307 ;

opposition to Trent decrees, 346 ;

and Pacification of Amboise, 285 ;

on parlementaire ideals, 134 ;

as président, 287 , 291 ;

and profession of faith, 291 ;

redaction of customary law, 24 , 48 , 66 , 80 ;

on registration of edicts, 69 ;

rivalry with Séguier, 224 ;

on royal commissions, 48 ;

scholarly reputation of, 24 ;

at seance of Charles IX, 295 ;

in trial of Condé, 243 n, 275 ;

and trials of 1559, 247

Thou, Jacques-Auguste de, 26 , 104 ;

on Achille de Harlay, 437 ;

on arrest of parlementaires, 375 -76;

in Chambre de Justice, 30 ;

on Christophe de Thou, 25 , 235 , 336 ;

on civil wars, 273 ;

compromises with constitutionalism, 470 ;

on Day of the Barricades, 360 -61;

on Edict of Nantes, 446 , 448 ;

exile of, 332 ;

on François de Monthelon, 368 ;

on Gallicanism, 459 ;

on Guise assassinations, 372 ;

on Henri IV, 435 ;

on Henri IV's conversion, 413 ;

on Henri IV's entry into Paris, 432 -33;

on Henri IV's religious policy, 394 -96, 450 ;

on Henri IV's succession, 380 ;

on League curés, 354 -55;

on Mary Stuart, 353 ;

on Morosini, 366 ;

on Paris League, 332 , 333 , 337 -38;

as politique , 327 , 333 , 381 ;

on Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, 91 ;

and registration of Trent decrees, 452 , 453 ;

on rehabilitation of Parlement, 434 -35, 436 ;

scholarship of, 56 ;

service to Henri III, 365 ;

on Sixteen, 462 ;

and statutes of University of Paris, 456 ;

support of Henri IV, 77 , 378 , 381 ;

on Tumult of St-Médard, 259 .

Works: Histoire universelle , 103 , 333 , 375 -76, 434 -35, 436 , 448 ;

Mémoires , 370 -71, 450 , 452

Thou, Nicolas de, 56 , 427

Thou family, 26 ;

inheritance of office, 224 ;

legal scholarship of, 105 ;

in Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 318

Throckmorton, Nicholas, 236 , 256 , 258 ;

on Antoine de Bourbon, 264 ;

on First Civil War, 284

Tigonville family, 218

Toleration. See Religious toleration

Tombeaux (epitaphs), 102

Torture, in Chambre Ardente, 216 , 217

Toulouse, 8 ;

Civil War in, 271 .

See also Parlement of Toulouse

Touraine, heresy in, 211

Tournelle (chamber), 19 ;

Harlay in, 22 , 234 ,

under Henri II, 209 ;

heresy cases in, 20 , 183 , 217 , 221 ;

moderates in, 234

Tournon, cardinal de, 222 , 250 ;

in assembly of St-Germain, 263

Tours. See Parlement of Tours

Transitional generation (of Parlement), 12 ;

ideological factions within, 209 , 475 ;

leadership of, 183 ;

spokesmen of, 16 ;

ultra-Catholics in, 218

Transubstantiation, 209

Treaty of Cambrai (1529), 205

Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559), 227 , 238

Treaty of Crépy (1544), 208 , 211

Treaty of Edinburgh (1560), 228

Treaty of Madrid (1526), 92 , 199

Treaty of Troyes (1420), 75

Treaty of Vervins, 188

Trent decrees:

of 1604, 40 ;

of 1607, 4 ;

duc de Guise on, 369 -70;

and Edict of Nantes, 450 ;

French resistance to, 90 , 301 ;

Henri IV's policy on, 442 , 444 , 451 -56;

opposition of Parlement to, 4 , 31 n, 441 , 443 , 452 -55, 476 ;

opposition of Third Estate, 413 ;

in Ordinances of Blois, 346 ;

registration by Parlement, 77 ;

special commission on, 369 .

See also Council of Trent

― 542 ―

Trials of 1559, 245 -46;

readmission following, 250 , 476

Triumvirate:

members of, 251 ;

negotiations with Condé, 279 -80;

parlementaire affiliations with, 277

Tronson, Jean, 205 n;

in Chambre Ardente, 218

Tronson family, 9

Troyes, parlementaires from, 43

Truce of Vaucelles (1556), 227

Tudor, Mary, 227

Tulleu, Jacqueline de, 126

Tulleu family, 14

Tumult of St-Médard, 259 ;

investigation of, 265 , 272

Turnèbe, Adrien: circle of, 37 ;

influence on Loisel, 29 ;

influence on Pasquier, 27

U

Ultra-Catholics:

and fundamental law, 62 ;

in Grand' Chambre, 234 ;

under Henri II, 214 , 228 ;

Henri II's support of, 19 ;

Henri III's support of, 347 ;

on heresy, 209 ;

Lizet's support of. 23 ;

moderates' opposition to, 20 ;

offensives of, 235 -44;

parlementaires among, 11 , 12 , 209 , 479 ;

Philip II's support of, 185 ;

Pierre (I) Séguier's opposition to, 21 ;

threat to Henri III, 324 ;

in transitional generation, 218 ;

triumphs in 1562, 271 , 277

Ultramontanism, 1 -2, 108 ;

and conversion crisis, 412 ;

of Holy League, 174 ;

mainstream attitudes toward, 478 -80;

propaganda of, 478 ;

revival of, 244 ;

of Sorbonne, 192 ;

threat to French nationalism, 115 , 184 , 476 ;

threat to Henri IV, 441

University of Paris:

defense of Gallicanism, 460 ;

under Henri IV, 457 ;

Pasquier's defense of, 476 ;

redrafting of statutes, 456 ;

reform of, 48 ;

suit against Jesuits, 27 .

See also Sorbonne

Ursins, Jean Jouvenal des, 156 -57;

defense of Gallicanism, 164 ;

as model parlementaire, 136 , 467

Ursins, Louis Jouvenal des, 47

V

Valette, Nogaret de la (duc d'Épernon), 354 -55, 361

Valla, Lorenzo, 106

Vandalism, of icons, 181 , 202 , 475

Vassy, Huguenots massacre at, 270

Vatable, François, 103

Veau, Jean, 447 , 448 n

Venality, 83 ;

Charles Giullart's opposition to, 77 ;

effect on Parlement, 12 , 34 , 53 , 136 ;

François I's use of, 9 , 47 , 82 ;

of Henri II, 223 , 224 ;

of Henri III, 343 ;

Loisel on, 116 ;

Louis Le Caron's attack on, 32 ;

Maugis on, 81 n;

of parlementaire elites, 58 ;

"private," 9,46 , 82 ;

relation to corruption, 53 ;

satirization of, 155 -56;

of Valois monarchy, 9 , 47 , 71

Vendôme, cardinal de, 458 -59

Venice:

affiliations with Gallicans, 457 -58;

Henri IV's embassy to, 444 ;

struggle with papacy, 104 , 118 , 152

Verjus, André, 48 ;

in Berquin case, 194 ;

in commission on blasphemy, 196 ;

interrogation of group de Meaux , 198 ;

investigation of parlementaires, 272 ;

remonstrance to Louise de Savoie, 197

Versoris, Nicolas, 203

Vices, attribution to lawyers, 156

Villars, Jerome de (archbishop of Vienne), 455

Villeroy, Chancellor:

as adviser to Mayenne, 385 ;

in Day of the Barricades, 359 ;

dismissal of, 367 ;

in rehabilitation of Parlement, 435 ;

as royal spokesman, 362 n, 365 ;

and Trent decrees, 451 , 452 , 454

Viole, Claude:

at mercuriale of June (1559), 236 ;

remonstrance to Louise de Savoie, 197 ;

in trial of Condé, 234 n

Viole, Guillaume, 267 ;

in assembly of St-Germain, 263 ;

in negotiations with Condé, 279 , 280 ;

and profession of faith, 291

Viole, Jacques (I):

attempted arrest of, 237 ;

career of, 25 , 26 ;

in trial of Condé, 275

Virtue:

L'Estoile on, 140 ;

Loisel on, 139 ;

sixteenth-century ideas of, 134

Vivanti, Corrado, 450

Voltaire, 473

Vraye Histoire , 235 , 236 ;

parlementaires in, 245 ;

on trials of 1559, 246

La Vraye Methode qu'on doit tenir en la lecture de l'histoire (Droit de Gaillard), 112 -15;

authors cited in, 113

W

War, parlementaire attitude toward, 157

War of Parma, 157

War of the Three Henries, 372 n

Wars of Religion, 273 ;

Adrien (II) Du Drac

― 543 ―

in, 21 ;

causes of, 274 ;

disruption of constitution, 60 ;

divisions of Parlement during, 91 , 229 ;

effect on royal power, 78 ;

historiography of, 1 ;

politiques in, 325 . See also Civil Wars

Wealth, importance to parlementaires, 131 -32, 153

Weiss, Nathanaël, 211 , 219 ;

on Chambre Ardente, 214 , 215 , 216 , 218

Welfare, public, 132 -33

White scarves, 431 , 433 n

Widows, 120 n;

at court of Catherine de Médicis, 126 -27;

rights of, 121 n

Witnesses, suborning of, 147

Wives:

education of, 125 ;

of parlementaires, 124 -27;

property rights of, 123 ;

rights of, 121 n;

role m family, 123 ;

virtues of, 126

Wolfe, Michael, 410 ;

on André Maillard, 460 ;

on duc de Nevers, 411 ;

on Gallicanism, 412 , 471 -72;

on succession of Henri IV, 417 , 459

Wycliffe, John, 245

Y

Yardeni, Myriam, 92 , 94 , 421 ;

on nationalism, 421 , 422

Z

Zamet (banker), 452

Zwingli, Ulrich, 173 ;

popularity in France, 201 ;

Traité de la Vraye Religion , 196

― 544 ―

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