Credits for Illustrations

Cover : a nickelodeon, photographed in 1909; from the Library of Congress. Tinted by Elizabeth Lennard.

Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences: 467, 468.

Author's Collection: 35, 40, 41 (bottom), 43, 44, 85, 219, 318.

British Film Institute: 206.

Charles Hummel Collection: 54.

Circus World: 137.

Edison National Historic Site: 30, 31, 49, 55, 73, 145, 158, 159, 160, 162, 247, 263, 268, 273, 282, 286, 287, 293, 300, 302, 304, 306, 308, 312, 313, 316, 321,327, 331, 337, 341, 344, 346, 347, 350, 353, 354 (bottom), 356, 357, 363, 365, 369, 373, 383, 384, 385, 390, 393, 396 (right), 400, 408, 410, 411,412, 413 (top), 414, 418, 420, 421, 423, 425, 426, 429, 430, 431,435, 446, 452, 454. Photographer, Joyce Jesionowski: 34, 36, 72, 115, 241, 243, 252, 344.

Federal Archive and Record Center, Bayonne, New Jersey: 134.

Harvard Theater Collection: 398.

International Museum of Photography at the George Eastman House, Film Department: 257, 439. Photographers, Joyce Jesionowski: 51, 52, 66; Paolo Cherci-Usai: 123, 460.

John Barnes/Science Museum: 63

Library of Congress, 94, 95, 98, 100 (bottom), 102, 165, 166, 167, 168 (top), 171, 181 (top), 183, 188, 201, 205, 210, 262, 270, 301, 343, 354 (top). Photographers, Pat

Loughney: 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 128, 129, 132, 149, 150, 152, 154, 164, 168 (bottom), 169, 175, 181 (bottom), 185, 186, 199, 315; Joyce Jesionowski: 180, 323.

Marc Wanamaker/Bison Archives: 86, 326, 455.

Museum of Modern Art, Film Stills Archive: ii, 65, 96, 224, 448, 466. Film Archive: 41, 97, 170, 248. Photographer, Joyce Jesionowski: 41 (top), 100 (top), 111, 114, 147, 250, 285, 319, 323, 396 (left).

Museum of the City of New York: 61, 62, 116, 352, 413 (bottom).

New York Public Library: 26, 133, 177, 225, 255, 269.

Smithsonian Institution: 33.