S

Saint-Simon, C. H., 6 -7

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 32

Saussure, Ferdinand de: linguistics, 22 , 89 , 262 , 389 ;

psychoanalysis, 2

Schizophrenia, Deleuze & Guattari on, 232 , 253

Schmidt, Alfred, 365 n.2

Science, 158 -204;

and art, 273 ;

category of, 182 , 188 ;

concept of, 163 , 182 ;

and crisis of Marxism, 202 -3;

and history, 25 , 32 -35, 44 , 46 , 68 , 80 -81, 94 , 158 -88 passim, 195 -96, 228 , 233 -43 passim, 266 -67, 290 ;

and ideology, 45 -46, 158 -205, 212 -13, 226 -28, 238 , 267 -68, 378 n.2, 379 n.5, 382 n.6;

and materialism, 33 -34, 160 -63, 166 , 187 , 192 , 193 ;

"natural," 42 ;

philosophy and, 42 , 45 -46, 158 -204, 227 , 233 , 242 -43, 377 -78;

and power, 169 , 227 -28, 247 -48;

pragmatism and, 81 ;

and sexuality, 248 ;

and social formations, 32 , 33 -35, 68 , 80 , 81 , 158 , 206 , 247 -48. See also Human sciences; Scientific . . .

Scientific criticism, literary, 274 -80, 287 -88, 289 -94, 302

Scientific discourse, 160 , 184 -90 passim, 205 , 212 , 262 -71 passim, 293 -94

Scientificity, "threshold of," 238- 39

Scientific practice, 227 , 243 , 267 ;

and ideology, 165 -66, 168 -69, 174 -75,

Scientific practice (continued )

182 -88, 198 -201, 203 , 382 n.6;

relative autonomy of, 182 -88, 205 , 382 n.6;

Spinoza and, 52

Scientific realism, 45 -46, 377 -78n.1;

genealogy and, 243 -44;

historicism and, 48 ;

Laclau and, 386 n.2;

postmodernism and, 201 -2;

theoreticism and, 161 -63, 195

"Seigneural" lineages, 124

Seigneurial class, feudal, 131 -56 passim, 377 n.15

Selection, 310 , 315 ;

negative/positive, 310

Self-sustaining societies, 111 , 112 , 115 , 116 , 120 , 125 , 128

Semantics: Macherey and Balibar and, 306 ;

Pêcheux and, 262 . See also Language

Semiology, 2 , 89 , 277 -78. See also Linguistics

Serfdom, dissolution of, 151 , 152 -53

Sexuality, Foucault and, 246 , 248 , 254 -55

Sheridan, Alan, 383 n.7

Shklovskii, Viktor B., 270 -71

Similitude, Foucault and, 235

"Sixth Thesis on Feuerbach" (Marx), 170

Slavery: habitus and, 220 ;

in lineage societies, 116 , 126 -27

Smith, Adam, 171 , 181

Smith, Steven, 381 n.10

Social agents: empiricism and, 200 ;

and habitus, 72 ;

hermeneutics and, 174 -75, 200 ;

and social class, 389 . See also Human agent

Social body: Deleuze & Guattari on, 231 -32;

Foucault and, 251

"Social categories," of Poulantzas, 326

Social class, 367 n.7, 388 -90;

vs. economic class, 317 -18, 323 -27;

"interest" vs. "position," 334 ;

masses and, 72 ;

struggles, 327 -29. See also Class

Social contradictions, 207 , 208 , 257 , 371 n.2

Social Darwinism, 11 , 32 , 48

Social formations, 33 -82, 158 , 172 , 371 n.2;

capitalist, 73 , 319 -56, 386 -87n.4;

contradiction and, 57 -65, 268 , 325 ;

defined, 35 , 36 , 39 , 41 ;

dominance in, 39 , 52 -57, 60 , 62 -64, 109 -10;

feudal, 150 -56;

Foucault and, 239 -40, 247 -48, 258 ;

Godelier and, 55 -56, 58 , 375 n.8;

and habitus, 72 , 217 ;

Hindess & Hirst and, 102 -4;

historical materialism and, 198 , 203 ;

and human subjects, 69 -70;

ideology and, 206 , 217 , 221 -22;

instances of, 36 -40, 41 , 52 -57, 67 -68, 83 , 87 -88, 314 -15;

in lineage societies, 112 -31;

linear causality and, 47 ;

literature and, 273 , 294 ;

and mode of production, 39 -42, 53 -54, 67 -68, 84 -131 passim, 135 , 150 -57, 319 -22, 371 n.2;

modes of determination and, 310 -11, 318 ;

open, 198 ;

science and, 32 , 33 -35, 68 , 80 , 81 , 158 , 206 , 247 -48;

Structural Marxism and, 23 -27, 35 -39, 41 -42, 98 -99, 157 ;

subordination in, 39 , 52 -57, 62 -63, 88 , 109 -10;

as totality of instances, 36 -39, 41 ;

and transition from feudalism to capitalism, 135 ;

uneven development of, 38 , 40 , 51 , 57 , 60 -68, 77 , 79 , 91 -109 passim, 325 ;

as wholes, 38 -39, 51 , 57 , 60 -67, 79 , 81 -82, 91 , 95 , 102 , 319 -25 passim

Socialism, 105 ;

and command economy, 5 , 14 -17;

and crisis of Marxism, 202 -3;

and democracy, 14 , 29 -32, 76 , 366 n.4, 370 n.13;

and economism, 73 , 74 , 75 -76;

European, 4 , 73 , 170 ;

"feasible," 368 n.8;

humanism and, 68 , 73 , 74 , 75 -76;

ideology and, 225 ;

oligarchic dictatorships of, 5 , 14 ;

"in one country," 14 -15;

pragmatism and, 65 ;

transition to, 366 n.4

Socialist Party (PS), 4

Socialization, 206 , 207 -8

Social relations, 69 ;

capitalism and, 172 , 324 -34;

economism/humanism and, 73 -74;

of equivalence, 213 ;

Hindess & Hirst and, 102 -4;

ideology and, 208 -9, 213 ;

in lineage societies, 112 , 117 , 121 ;

Poulantzas on, 324 -28;

and power, 257 -58;

of production, 87 ;

and social structures, 36 , 41 , 55 -56, 62 ;

as subjects of history, 71 -72. See also Class; Power

Social science: crisis in Marxism and, 203 ;

hermeneutics and, 200 ;

humanism in, 68 ;

modernism and, 21 -22. See also Anthropology; History

"Social space," 313 , 325 -26, 328 -29

Social structures: and class struggle, 312 ;

Hindess & Hirst and, 102 ;

"micro-analyses" of, 81 ;

and mode of production, 88 , 157 ;

rationalism on, 98 ;

and social relations, 36 , 41 , 55 -56, 62 ;

structural causality and, 51 -52, 309 . See also Social formations

Social subjectivity: capitalist state and, 315 -17, 339 ;

and class subjects, 313 -14, 317 ;

and ideology, 159 , 205 -59, 381 -83;

interpellation of, 71 -72, 159 ,

208 -17 passim, 221 -25, 304 , 315 -17, 324 , 381 n.2;

nationalization and, 339

Social theory: contemporary fashions in, 5 -10. See also Post-Marxist theories; Postmodernism; Structural Marxism

Society: "civil," 214 ;

"crisis of," 139 ;

social formations and, 371 n.2. See also Social . . .

Sociological functionalism, 90

South Africa, "tribal reserve" system, 129

Sovereignty: "parcelized," 150 -51, 153 , 154 , 155 ;

"private," 150 , 155 ;

"public," 153

Soviet Union, 368 -69n.9;

capitalism in, 16 , 76 ;

command economies in, 14 ;

communism in, 4 ;

and economism, 73 , 74 , 75 ;

and humanism, 68 , 73 , 74 , 75 ;

and totalitarianism, 17 . See also Bolshevism

Space: "social," 313,325 -26, 328 -29;

transformation of, 339 -40, 350 , 359

"Species being," 170 , 171

Spinoza, Benedict de, 50 , 57 -60, 371 -72n.3;

and dialectical materialism, 45 , 162 ;

E. Balibar and, 97 -98;

experientia vaga of, 381 n.1;

materialist rationalism of, 42 -46, 52 , 58 , 59 -60, 68 , 176 ;

reading and, 176 ;

religion and, 46

Sprinker, Michael, 383 n.1

"Stagflation," 138

Stagnation, feudal, 137 , 138

Stalin, Joseph, 14 -15, 73 , 75 , 368 n.9

Stalinism, 16 -17, 111 , 202 , 366 n.4, 378 n.4;

anti-, 2 , 4 , 28 , 76 ;

collapse of, 14 , 16 , 361 ;

AS "deviation," 75 ;

in PCF, 2 , 4 , 380 n.7

State: absolutist, 142 , 150 -56;

apparatuses, 214 -15, 331 -46;

authoritarian, 360 -64;

bureaucracy, 154 , 335 , 344 -46, 362 , 378 n.4;

capitalist, see Capitalist state; class, 317 -18, 331 -32, 358 -60;

democratic, 334 -41;

and economy, 311 -22, 329 -34, 357 , 361 , 362 -63, 387 n.4;

feudal, 153 -56;

interventionist, 356 -60, 361 , 362 -63;

nation-, 355 -56, 359 ;

nationalpopular, 330 -31, 334 -38, 341 -46;

"nightwatchman," 315 , 356 ;

organization, 341 -46;

ownership by, 14 , 75 -76;

post-revolutionary, 366 n.4;

Poulantzas and, 255 -59, 319 -60 passim;

repressive, 213 -15, 338 -39;

violence monopoly of, 153 , 155 , 318 , 337 -38;

welfare, 12 , 353 , 357 , 359 . See also State powe

State capitalism, 75 -76, 372 n.8

Statements, Foucault and, 238 , 239 , 241

State power: E. Balibar and, 366 n.4;

ideological apparatuses and, 213 -16, 222 , 382 n.5;

Moloch, 253 ;

and monopoly capitalism, 357 , 359 ;

Poulantzas and, 257 , 321 , 327 , 331 -41, 342 ;

and state apparatuses, 214 -15, 331 -46;

Structural Marxism and, 256

State, Power, Socialism (Poulantzas), 256 -57, 309 , 334 -39, 341 , 346

Statism, authoritarian, 360 -64

Stedman Jones, Gareth, 226 -27

Stern, Steven J., 376 n.12

Stoianovich, Traian, 367 n.5

Stranger (Camus), 297 , 299 , 300

Strike, in France (1968), 4

Structural causality, 33 -82, 158 , 197 -98;

and Darstellung , 49 -52;

defined, 38 , 50 , 309 -10;

ideological state apparatuses and, 215 ;

and knowledge/power, 243 ;

and mode of production, 92 , 93 -94, 98 , 104 , 110 ;

modes of determination within, 309 -14;

overdetermination and, 62 ;

Poulantzas and, 385 n.1;

and uneven development, 51 , 57 , 60 -68, 77 , 79 , 91 , 92

Structural-functional historicism, 2

Structuralism: Foucault and, 22 , 23 , 233 ;

French, 22 , 23 , 68 ;

high, 233 ;

and literary criticism, 277 -78;

Marxist anthropology and, 111 ;

vs. Structural Marxism, 89 -90, 98 , 373 -74n.5;

and synchrony/diachrony opposition, 92 , 98

Structural limitation, 309 , 310 , 311 , 312 , 315

Structural Marxism, 1 , 2 -5, 29 -30, 159 -60, 225 , 310 -11, 368 -69n.9;

anthropology, 85 -86, 111 -31, 374 -75n.8;

and class struggle, 23 -29, 31 , 35 -42, 98 -99;

and combinations, 89 -90, 91 -92, 93 -94;

and contradiction, 24 , 35 -36, 37 , 57 , 98 ;

and economic determination, 23 -29, 31 , 35 -42, 83 ;

and Eurocommunism, 2 , 3 -4, 366 -67n.4;

and exploitation, 28 , 29 , 85 -86;

and Fordism, 12 ;

Foucault and, 25 , 229 , 242 -49, 255 -56, 385 n.1;

Hegel criticized by, 58 ;

Hindess & Hirst and, 99 , 102 ;

and history, 24 -25, 33 -35, 71 , 81 -82, 90 -91, 244 ;

and ideological apparatuses, 215 , 227 ;

and interpellation, 215 , 248 -49;

and knowledge, 186 , 240 ;

and language/literature, 261 , 262 , 269 -77, 284 -85, 384 -85nn.2,4;

and mode of production, 83 -91 passim, 99 , 111 , 131 , 157 , 373 n.3, 387 n.7;

and modernism, 18 ,

Structural Marxism (continued )

22 -29;

and PCF, 2 , 3 -4, 366 -67n.4;

and politics, 24 , 29 , 308 , 309 , 342 , 390 -91;

post-Marxist theory and, 2 , 370 n.13;

vs. postmodernism, 27 , 29 , 31 , 201 -2, 229 ;

and power, 25 , 26 , 29 , 255 -56, 308 ;

and primitive societies, 85 -86, 111 -31, 373 n.4;

and realism, 25 , 33 -34, 311 ;

and science/ideology, 164 , 227 ;

and social formations, 23 -27, 35 -39, 41 -42, 98 -99, 157 ;

and "state capitalist" ruling class, 75 -76;

vs. Structuralism, 89 -90, 98 , 373 -74n.5;

and transition from feudalism to capitalism, 131 , 135 , 376 n.14;

and urbanization, 388 n.9. See also Structural causality

Structure: contradiction subordinate to, 96 -97;

deep, 53 , 88 , 262 ;

in dominance, 52 -57, 88 , 222 -23. See also Social structures; Structural . . .

Subject: Absolute, 210 , 212 , 213 ;

class, 313 -14, 317 ;

Descartes and, 47 ;

discursive practice and, 263 -68, 269 ;

empirical, 196 ;

Hegel and, 58 , 77 -79;

history as process without, 67 -72, 171 , 215 ;

ideology and, 184 , 205 -59, 304 ;

knowledge as practice without, 194 -201;

of labor, 120 -21;

Leibniz and, 47 ;

philosophical, 196 ;

scientific, 196 . See also Social subjectivity

Subjectivism: on class, 322 -23;

historicism and, 49 ;

Lenin and, 20 ;

modernism and, 18 , 19 , 20 ;

pragmatism and, 19 ;

Structural Marxism and, 17

Subjectivist pragmatism, 19

Subjectivity. See Social subjectivity; Subject

Subordination: of class practices, 325 -26;

in discursive practice, 265 ;

in feudal societies, 145 , 154 ;

in lineage societies, 113 , 118 , 125 ;

and mode of production, 109 -10, 113 , 118 , 125 , 145 , 154 ;

in social formations, 39 , 52 -57, 62 -63, 88 , 109 -10

"Substantivists," 373 n.4, 377 n.16

"Superstructure," 172 , 182 , 206 , 208 , 213

"Supranationalization," 355 , 359

Surplus value, 172 ;

capitalist state and, 329 , 350 ;

economism and, 73 ;

imperialism and, 129 ;

in lineage societies, 117 -18;

and productive vs. unproductive labor, 389 -90

Symbolic: interpellation and, 210 -12;

Lacan on, 211 -12, 389

Symbolic capital, 11 , 216 -21

"Symptomatic" reading, of Capital , 174 -78

Synchrony, in mode of production, 92 -98