P

Palloix, Christian, 387 n.7

"Parallelogram of forces," 40 , 51 , 54 , 62

Parliamentary democracy, 344 -46, 362 , 387 n.4

Parsons, Talcott, 6 -7

Parties: authoritarian, 362 ;

communist bureaucracy, 31 , 76 , 228 , 378 n.4;

national, 353 ;

parliamentary, 362 ;

plebiscitary, 362 ;

Socialist, 4 . See also French Communist Party

Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism (Anderson), 150 , 151

Patriarchy, origins of, 123

Patriliny, in lineage societies, 121 -23

PCF. See French Communist Party

Peasants, feudal, 135 -42, 146 -47, 151 , 152 , 153 , 156 -57

Peasants, Landlords, and Merchant Capitalists (Kriedte), 142 -50

Pêcheux, Michel, 261 , 262 -68, 269 -70, 384 n.2

Péguy, Charles, 297 , 298 -99, 300

"People," "the": capitalist state and, 316 , 358 ;

humanism and, 6 , 11

Perestroika , 368 n.8

Periodization, mode of production and, 83 , 90 -99

"Periphery," and "metropoles," 347 -54

"Pertinent effects," 326 -29, 333 -34, 335 , 388 -89, 390

Phenomenology, 2 , 7 , 216 , 379 n.6

Philosophical rationalism, 92 -98, 160 -69, 176 , 182 , 205

La philosophie du non (Bachelard), 178

Philosophy, 25 , 42 -52, 158 -204, 205 ;

analytical, 10 , 196 ;

categories of, 191 , 194 ;

as class struggle in theory, 10 , 163 , 167 -68, 188 -94, 201 ;

concept of, 45 , 188 -90;

of Descartes, 46 -47;

as "double articulation," 204 ;

hermeneutics and, 176 , 200 -201;

Hindess & Hirst's, 99 ;

of history, 35 , 83 , 101 , 158 , 162 , 169 -74, 370 n.1;

history of, 190 -91, 192 ;

of Leibniz, 46 -49;

Lenin and, 20 ;

New, 227 -33, 253 -54, 257 -58, 259 , 382 n.6;

"of philosophers," 178 -79;

realist, 33 -34, 56 -57;

romantic, 19 ;

and science, 42 , 45 -46, 158 -204, 227 , 233 , 242 -43, 377 -78;

Spinoza's, 42 -46, 52 ;

"spontaneous," 187 , 226 , 227 , 263 ;

and subjects of history, 71 -72;

theses, 191 . See also Hegel . . .

Philosophy and the Spontaneous Philosophy of the Scientists (Althusser), 159 , 187 , 261

"Philosophy effect," 190

Physics, crisis of, 192 -93, 194

Physiology, Canguilhem and, 180

Pierre, Commencement d'une vie bourgeoise (Péguy), 298 -99, 300

Pirenne, Henri, 377 n.16

Plague, and transition from feudalism to capitalism, 152

Plebiscitary politics, 345 -46, 358 , 362 , 363 , 364

Pluralism: and capitalism, 7 , 16 -17;

"everything causes everything else" of, 52 -53;

Freud and, 372 n.6;

functional, 5 , 6 -7, 8 ;

modernism and, 18 , 20 ;

"of instances," 62 ;

"political," 10 ;

post-Marxist, 5 -6, 9 ;

postmodern, 201 -2;

vulgar, 6 , 17 , 20 , 24 , 28

Poem, lyric, 272

Poland, feudal, 140

Polanyi, Karl, 373 n.4, 377 n.16

Political contradiction, 37 , 64 , 257 , 322

Political discourse, 369 n.13

Political economy: Foucault and, 239 ;

Marx and, 171 -74;

of postmodernity, 367 n.5

Political equality, 6 , 14

Political instance, 36 -37, 222 , 308 , 309 , 313 -29 passim, 356

"Political pluralism," 10

Political power, 30 , 258 -59, 308 -64. See also State power

Political Power and Social Classes (Poulantzas), 207 , 309 , 319 -22, 333 , 334 -36

Political practice, 36 -37, 205 , 226 , 322 , 329 , 333

"Political scene," 333 -35, 353 , 356

Political voluntarism, 101 -5, 164 , 202 , 313 , 328 -29, 370 n.13

"Politicism," and "economism," 376 -77n.15

Politics, 4 -5;

action, 227 ;

Althusser's phases, 380 n.7;

apathy in, 31 ;

of art, 292 -93, 369 n.10;

"calculation," 105 ;

capitalist, 30 , 130 , 308 , 309 , 313 -34;

class struggle deflected by, 338 -41;

and crisis of Marxism, 202 -3;

in "end of history," 32 ;

feudal, 137 -45 passim, 150 , 153 -56, 377 -76n.15;

Foucault and, 252 , 253 , 255 , 259 ;

Hegel and, 170 ;

humanism and, 71 ;

ideology and, 164 , 215 -16;

imperialism and, 130 ;

intentionality in, 101 ;

and lineage societies, 119 , 121 , 122 -23, 129 ;

literary criticism and, 292 -93;

and mode of production, 101 , 104 , 105 , 119 , 121 , 122 -23, 129 ;

parliamentary, 344 -46, 362 , 387 n.4;

participatory, 30 -31, 358 ;

philosophy and, 189 -90, 192 , 203 -4;

plebiscitary, 345 -46, 358 , 362 , 363 , 364 ;

post-Marxist philosophy and, 203 -4, 370 n.13;

postmodernist, 7 -8, 255 ;

predominance of, 326 -29, 359 ;

"of production," 373 n.2;

radicaldemocratic, 170 ;

regional domain of, 308 , 319 , 320 , 324 ;

science/ideology distinction and, 164 ;

socialist, 5 , 14 , 30 -31;

Structural Marxism and, 24 , 29 , 308 , 309 , 342 , 390 -91;

symbolic systems and, 219 ;

and theory, 1 , 380 n.7;

totalitarian, 228 ;

and transition from feudalism to capitalism, 135 , 149 -50. See also Democracy; Political . . . ; State

Popper, Karl R., 266

Population growth/decline: in feudal societies. 137-38, 139 ;

in lineage societies, 120 , 123 ;

in transition from feudalism to capitalism, 149 , 152

Populism: aesthetics, 7 ;

authoritarian, 361 ;

middle-class/petty bourgeois, 254 , 363 ;

neo-anarchist irrationalist, 248 -49;

post-Marxist theory and, 370 n.13

Positivism: crisis in Marxism and, 203 ;

Foucault and, 81 , 239 -41;

hermeneutics and, 174 -75;

materialism, 48 ;

modernism and, 18 , 21 ;

neo-, 367 -68n.7;

structuralism and, 22

Positivity, "threshold of," 238

Poste-gauchisme , 229

Postel-Vinay, Gilles, 376 n.14

Poster, Mark, 383 n.7

"Post-industrial" society, 3 , 7 -8

Post-Marxist theories, 1 , 2 , 5 -10, 17 , 31 , 391 ;

and crisis in Marxism, 203 -4;

of Deleuze, 229 -30;

and democracy, 10 , 369 -70n.13, 389 ;

Foucault and, 7 , 385 n.1;

of Hindess & Hirst, 105 ;

of Laclau, 386 n.2;

and "professional middle class"/petty bourgeoisie, 10 , 368 n.7, 389 ;

and science, 203 -4;

and social class, 389 . See also individual theories

Postmodernism, 1 , 6 , 10 , 158 , 367 n.5, 391 ;

and art, 369 n.10;

and crisis in Marxism, 5 , 201 -2, 203 ;

Deleuze and, 2 , 5 , 229 -30, 233 , 241 ;

and democratic socialism, 31 , 370 n.13;

and determination, 56 ;

dissident, 7 -8, 254 , 255 , 259 , 367 n.5, 374 n.6;

equality and, 32 ;

Foucault and, 2 , 7 -8, 233 , 236 -37, 241 , 254 , 255 , 259 , 383 n.7, 385 n.1;

gauchisme , 65 ;

and global capitalism, 5 , 8 , 11 -12, 202 ;

of Hindess & Hirst, 105 ;

and history, 81 ;

idealism and, 193 ;

and ideology, 164 , 208 , 227 -33;

of Laclau, 386 n.2;

modernism vs., 21 , 369 n.10;

New Philosophy and, 229 -30, 233 ;

Nietzschean, 2 , 233 , 241 ;

and readings, 175 ;

Regulation School and, 387 n.7;

science/ideology distinction and, 164 ;

Structural Marxism vs., 27 , 29 , 31 , 201 -2, 229

Poststructuralism, 233 ;

and literary criticism, 277 -78;

phenomenological, 2

Potlatch, and symbolic capital, 220

Poulantzas, Nicos, 255 -59, 308 -9, 319 -42, 346 -64, 385 -90;

Classes in Contemporary Capitalism , 309 , 346 , 348 , 350 ;

Crisis of the Dictatorships , 309 , 387 n.4;

and economic vs. social class, 317 , 323 -26;

Fascism and Dictatorship , 309 , 387 n.4;

and Foucault, 253 , 255 -59, 385 n.1;

and "matrix effect,"

309 , 313 , 319 -26 passim;

and monopoly capitalism, 346 -51;

and "new petty bourgeois," 333 -34, 363 , 368 n.7;

and PCF, 366 n.4;

and "the people," 316 , 358 ;

and political instance, 309 , 319 -24 passim;

Political Power and Social Classes , 207 , 309 , 319 -22, 333 , 334 -36;

and "power bloc," 309,316 , 332 -38, 353 , 356 , 360 ;

State, Power, Socialism , 256 -57, 309 , 334 -39, 341 , 346 ;

Wright and, 309 , 367 n.7

Poulet, Georges, 384 n.4

Poverty of Philosophy (Marx), 171

Power: "articulation" and, 106 ;

bio-, 247 -50, 254 , 257 , 258 ;

capitalism and, 30 -31, 172 , 258 , 319 -22, 326 -41;

class, see Class power; economic vs. political, 30 ;

Foucault and, 25 , 169 , 233 , 241 -59, 304 ;

ideological conflicts and, 268 ;

and knowledge, 169 , 233 , 241 -58 passim, 304 , 340 -41;

in lineage societies, 111 , 115 -17, 123 ;

philosophy and, 190 ;

political, 30 , 258 -59, 308 -64 (see also State power); postmodernists and, 7 -8, 29 ;

Poulantzas and, 255 -59, 309 , 316 , 326 -37;

science and, 169 , 227 -28, 247 -48;

Structural Marxism and, 25 , 26 , 29 , 255 -56, 308 ;

will to, 231 , 232 , 249 ;

world market, 15 . See also Coercion; Domination; Hegemony

"Power bloc": fascism and, 386 n.4;

vs. masses, 37 ;

Poulantzas and, 309 , 316 , 332 -38, 353 , 356 , 360

Practice, 36 , 226 -27;

class, 313 , 322 -23, 325 -26;

discursive, 262 -70;

economic, 36 -37, 205 , 219 -21;

habitus and, 216 -21, 316 ;

historical, 206 ;

of human agents, 316 -17;

ideological, see Ideological practice; knowledge as, 194 -201;

literary, see Literary practice; philosophical, 191 -92;

political, 36 -37, 205 , 226 , 322 , 329 , 333 ;

scientific, see Scientific practice; social formations and, 36 -39;

and Spinoza, 45 , 52 ; theoretical, see Theoretical practice

Pragmatism: contradictions and, 65 ;

Foucault and, 81 , 245 ;

modernism and, 19 ;

politics justified by, 104 -5;

subjectivist, 19

Praxis, 3 , 48 , 226

Pre-Capitalist Modes of Production (Hindess & Hirst), 99 , 101 , 102

"Preconstruction," discursive practice and, 264 , 265

"Preface to Capital" (Althusser), 379 n.6

"Preface to the Critique of Political Economy" (Marx), 172

Presence: Deleuze and, 230 ;

of economic, 326 ;

in literature, 265 , 269 -70

Present, "historical," 65 -67, 81

Prices: feudal, 138 , 139 -40, 145 , 146 ;

in transition from feudalism to capitalism, 149 , 152

"Primitive accumulation," 91 -92, 124 , 156

"Primitive" societies, 55 -56, 85 -86, 111 -31, 373 n.4, 374 -75n.8

Prisons, Foucault and, 246 , 247

Private ownership, 30 , 31 , 73 , 88 , 156 , 329

Privatization, 359 -60, 361

"Problems of Reflection" (Macherey), 289 -90

Process: history as, 67 -72, 76 -79, 171 , 215 ;

of knowledge, 267 ;

of production, 117 -18;

scientific practice as, 267

Processing plants, imperialist, 127 -28

Production: capitalism and, 30 , 31 , 76 , 143 , 348 , 349 , 351 ;

collective ownership of, 17 , 120 ;

feudal, 135 -46;

forces of, see Forces of production; globally integrated, 16 , 351 ;

of ideology, 269 , 272 -73, 278 -79, 283 -84, 294 , 384 n.4;

of knowledge, 178 -81, 185 -201, 227 -28, 242 -43, 284 ;

literary, 260 , 261 , 269 -79 passim, 283 -91 passim, 301 -7, 384 -85n.4;

mode of, see Mode of production; "politics of," 373 n.2;

in "primitive" societies, 55 -56, 111 -31;

private ownership of, 30 , 73 ;

and productive vs. unproductive labor, 389 -90;

relations of, see Relations of production; reproduction and, 94 -96, 108 -23 passim, 208 -9, 210 , 213 , 215 ;

Structural Marxism and, 23 , 25 -28

Profit, and transition from feudalism to capitalism, 141

Progressivism, of modernism, 20 -21

Proletarianization, "absolute," 131

Proletariat, 12 ;

dictatorship of, 32 , 74 , 366 n.4;

and ideology, 226 , 227 ;

and Marxist theory, 32 , 379 -80n.6. See also Working class

Property relation: capitalist, 232 ;

feudal, 132 , 133 , 135 ;

in lineage societies, 118 -19, 120 ;

and mode of production, 85 -86, 88 , 106 , 118 -19, 120 . See also Ownership

"Proto-industrialization," 142 , 146 -49, 376 n.14

Prussia: and fascism, 386 n.4;

transition

Prussia (continued )

from feudalism to capitalism in, 149 , 153

"Pseudo-reality," literature and, 271 -72

"Pseudo-science," Foucault and, 237

Psychiatry, Foucault and, 234 -35, 246

Psychoanalysis, 176 -77, 181 ;

Freudian, 176 , 211 , 231 , 301 , 372 n.6;

and over-determination, 372 n.6. See also Identification; Lacan, Jacques

Psychology: behaviorist, 10 ;

Deleuze & Guattari on, 231 -32;

historical epistemology and, 181 . See also Psychoanalysis

Punishment, Foucault and, 247

Putschism, 65