| Many Ramayanas |
| PREFACE |
| A NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION |
 | PART ONE LARGER PATTERNS |
| One Introduction: the Diversity of the Ramayana Tradition |
| • | Synopsis of the Rama Story |
| • | The Assumptions and Goals of this Volume |
| • | Tellings as Refashioning and Opposition |
| • | Tellings as Commentary and Programs for Action |
| • | Some Implications of our Analyses |
| Two Three Hundred Ramayanas: Five Examples and Three Thoughts on Translation |
| Valmiki and Kampan: Two Ahalyas |
| • | The Ahalya Episode: Valmiki |
| • | The Ahalya Episode: Kampan |
| • | By Rama's Grace |
| • | Jaina Tellings |
| • | From Written to Oral |
| • | A Southeast Asian Example |
| Patterns of Difference |
| • | The River |
| • | Thoughts on Translation |
| • | What Happens When You Listen |
| Three Ramayana, Rama Jataka, and Ramakien: A Comparative Study of Hindu and Buddhist Traditions |
| • | Rama Traditions in Hinduism |
| • | Rama Traditions in Theravada Buddhism |
| • | Rama Traditions in Thailand: the Texts |
| • | Rama Traditions in Thailand: the Dynastic Cult |
| • | Concluding Comments |
| PART TWO TELLINGS AS REFASHIONING AND OPPOSITION |
| Four The Mutilation of Surpanakha |
| The Surpanakha Episode |
| • | Valmiki Ramayana (Aranyakanda 16-17) |
| • | Iramavataram (patalam 5) |
| • | Adhyatma Ramayana ( Aranyakanda 5) |
| • | Ramcaritmanas (Aranyakanda 16-18 ) |
| • | Radhesyam Ramayan ( sankhya 10) |
| • | Mutilation as A Punishment for Women |
| • | Sexuality and Austerity in the Forest |
| • | Sita, and Surpanakha as Alter Egos |
| Five Fire and Flood: The Testing of Sita in Kampan's Iramavataram |
| • | The Cost of Self-Knowledge:Valmiki's Vision |
| • | Kampan: The Metaphysics of Reunion |
| • | Tirade and Trial |
| • | The Silence of a God |
| Six A Ramayana of Their Own: Women's Oral Tradition in Telugu |
| • | Some Background |
| • | The Songs |
| • | The Structure of The Songs |
| • | Sitayana |
| • | Non-Brahmin Songs |
| • | Conclusions |
| Seven The Raja's New Clothes: Redressing Ravana in Meghanadavadha Kavya |
| • | Background: Multiple Traditions |
| • | The Text: Epic Departures |
| • | The Reception: Mixed Blessings |
| • | Eight Creating Conversations: The Rama Story as Puppet Play in Kerala |
| PART THREE TELLINGS AS COMMENTARY AND PROGRAMS FOR ACTION |
| Nine E. V. Ramasami's Reading of the Ramayana |
| • | Roots and Methods of E.V.R.’s Attack on the Ramayana |
| • | E. V. Ramasami’s Interpretation of the Ramayana |
| • | Precedent and Innovation in E.V.R.’s Interpretation |
| • | Conclusions |
| Ten Ramayana Exegesis in Tenkalai Srivaisnavism |
| • | The Srivaisnava Tradition In South India |
| • | Tenkalai Exegesis of Ramayana Incidents |
| • | Ramayana Incidents As Parables |
| • | Abbreviations |
| Eleven The Secret Life of Ramcandra of Ayodhya |
| • | The Nature of Rasik Sadhana |
| • | Interpreting The Rasik Tradition |
| Twelve Personalizing the Ramayan: Ramnamis and Their Use of the Ramcaritmanas |
| • | The Manas as Sruti and Smrti |
| • | Ramnamis and the Manas |
| • | Beyond the Manas: Retelling the Ram Story |
| • | Ramnam Bhajan |
| Variants, Vidvans, and Individual Versions |
| • | Conversation |
| • | Takkar |
| • | Conclusion |
| Notes |
| • | One Introduction: the Diversity of the Ramayana Tradition |
| • | Two Three Hundred Ramayanas: Five Examples and Three Thoughts on Translation |
| • | Three Ramayana, Rama Jataka, and Ramakien: A Comparative Study of Hindu and Buddhist Traditions |
| • | Four The Mutilation of Surpanakha |
| • | Five Fire and Flood: The Testing of Sita in Kampan's Iramavataram |
| • | Six A Ramayana of Their Own: Women's Oral Tradition in Telugu |
| • | Seven The Raja's New Clothes: Redressing Ravana in Meghanadavadha Kavya |
| • | Eight Creating Conversations: The Rama Story as Puppet Play in Kerala |
| • | Nine E. V. Ramasami's Reading of the Ramayana |
| • | Ten Ramayana Exegesis in Tenkalai Srivaisnavism |
| • | Eleven The Secret Life of Ramcandra of Ayodhya |
| • | Twelve Personalizing the Ramayan: Ramnamis and Their Use of the Ramcaritmanas |
| CONTRIBUTORS |
| INDEX |
| • | A |
| • | B |
| • | C |
| • | D |
| • | E |
| • | F |
| • | G |
| • | H |
| • | I |
| • | J |
| • | K |
| • | L |
| • | M |
| • | N |
| • | O |
| • | P |
| • | R |
| • | S |
| • | T |
| • | U |
| • | V |
| • | W |
| • | Y |
