Many Ramayanas "d0e21983"

R

Radha, 144 , 218

RadhesyamRamayan , 68 , 78 -82, 87 n34

Raghava, 136 n17

Raghavan, V., 18 n16, 20 n20

Raghavapandaviya , 143

Raghunithdas, 241

Raghuvamsa , 111 n3

Raheja, Gloria, 11

Rajagopalachari, C., 20 n26, 72 , 73 , 86 n 17

Raksasas . See Demons

Rama, 51 -52, 56 , 67 ;

in AdhyatmaRamayana , 75 -76;

in Buddhism, 54 -55, 59 , 61 n15, 62 n17, 63 n24;

in Dasaratha Jataka , 54 -55;

desecrated images of, 175 -76, 180 , 194 ;

in Dutt's Meghanadavadha Kavya , 15 , 137 -38, 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 148 -49, 152 , 190 ;

in Hindi folklore, 22 -24;

as incarnation of Visnu, 38 , 51 , 56 , 72 , 75 , 93 -94, 99 , 107 , 113 n31, 121 , 126 , 138 , 192 ;

in Jainism, 35 , 44 ;

in Kampan's Iramavataram , 32 , 73 -75, 89 -90, 95 -111, 163 -64;

in Kerala shadow puppet play, 159 -68, 170 ;

in Krttivasa's Ramayana , 137 ;

marriage of, 13 , 119 -21, 218 , 220 , 221 , 227 ;

in modern poetry, 81 ;

moral virtue of, 19 n20, 67 , 72 , 77 -78, 81 , 89 , 217 ;

in Phra Lak/Phra Lam , 54 -55, 62 nn16-17;

in RadhesyamRamayan , 78 -81;

in Raghuvamsa , 111 n3,

in Ramakien , 38 -39, 59 ;

in E. V. Ramasami's exegesis, 175 , 176 , 181 -82, 184 -86, 192 , 194 , 201 n50;

and Ram Lila, 78 , 88 n43, 148 , 153 n20, 218 , 227 -28;

and Ramnami sect, 242 ;

in rasik tradition, 13 , 218 , 220 -26, 230 ;

and revelation of divine identity, 92 -94, 106 -10;

Sita repudiated by, 7 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 67 , 72 , 86 n17, 89 -111, 124 , 184 ;

in Tamil culture, 32 , 175 , 178 -79;

in Tenkalai Srivaisnavism, 205 -14;

in Thai culture, 38 -39;

in Tulsidas's Ramcaritmanas , 77 , 218 , 225 , 242 ;

in Uttararamacarita , 111 n3,

Valin killed by, 7 , 12 , 20 n20, 67 , 72 , 89 , 102 ,109, 113 n30, 171 n3, 184 , 185 -86;

in Valmiki's Ramayana , 6 -7, 32 , 69 -72, 82 , 90 -95, 108 , 110 ;

in women's songs, 11 , 15 , 118 -34, 136 n14

Rama I (king of Thailand), 37 , 55 -59, 62 n23, 63 n24

Rama II (king of Thailand), 37 , 56

Rama III (king of Thailand), 59 , 63 n30

Rama V (king of Thailand), 59 , 62 n23

Rama VI (king of Thailand), 37 , 56 , 62 n20

Rama VII (king of Thailand), 59

Rama IX (king of Thailand), 59

Ramakien , 7 , 10 , 25 ;

Buddhist aspects of, 10 , 14 , 51 , 55 -59;

cross-cultural transmission of, 33 ;

and cultic practice, 57 -59;

Hindu aspects of, 10 , 14 , 51 , 55 -57;

performance of, 57 , 59 ;

in Thai culture, 37 -39, 51 , 55 -59,

in visual art, 57 -59, 63 nn27, 31

Ramalingamrta , 230

Ramalingaswami, 189

Ramanandi sect, 75

Ramanuja, 202 -3

Ramanujan, A. K., 7 -8, 14 , 15 , 69 , 151 , 189

Ramaraju. B., 136 n19

Ramasami, E. V.: arrest of, 175 -76, 178 , 196 n5;

and burning of Rama's image, 175 -76, 180 , 194 , 196 n1;

Citamparanar"s biography of, 189 , 196 n6;

Gandhian principles espoused by, 177 ;

political activism of, 175 -80, 194 -95;

print medium utilized by, 176 , 180 , 193 ,

as public speaker, 192 -93;

as a sadhu (holy man), 177 ;

writing style of, 180 , 191 -93;

as a youth, 176 -77, 194 , 196 n7

Ramasami, E. V., exegesis of Ramayana by: antibrahmanical doctrine in, 12 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 , 186 -87, 188 , 189 -91;

anti-Northern doctrine in, 12 , 176 , 178 , 181 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 191 , 194 ;

censorship of, 193 , desacralization in, 181 , 190 -91, 192 , 194 , 197 n12;

Dravidian culture promoted in, 12 , 181 , 182 , 186 , 187 , 191 , 192 ;

Hindu morality of, 182 , 184 ;

methodology of, 182 , 188 , 192 ;

performance of, 193 -94, 198 n22;

quotations from learned men in, 181 , 187 -88;

rhetoric of, 191 -93, 194 ;

sources of, 188 -91

Ramaswami Sastri, K., 71

Ramcarandas, Mahant, 223 , 230

Ramcaritmanas See Tulsidas

― 269 ―

Ram Lila, 12 , 19 n19, 78 , 88 n43, 148 , 153 n20, 218 , 227 -28

Ramnami sect: and bhakti , 240 , 241 , 242 , 243 , 250 ;

chants (bhajans ) modified by, 240 -42;

competitive chants (takkar ) of, 244 , 245 -50, 254 n29;

conversational chants of, 244 -45;

critique of caste in, 16 , 240 , 241 -42, 244 ;

and gvan , 240 , 242 , 246 , 247 , 248 , 250 , 254 n29;

illiteracy in, 239 ;

lila in, 249 -50;

literacy in, 16 , 248 , 246 -47, 250 ;

mantras in, 239 , 243 -44, 251 ;

Parasuram as founder of, 238 -39, 253 n13;

Ramcaritmanas modified by, 13 -14, 16 , 238 , 240 , 241 -42, 244 , 251 ;

Ramcaritmanas worshiped by, 13 , 235 , 238 -39, 240 , 242 , 243 , 251 ;

scriptures selected by, 240 -41, 243 , 254 n18;

vidvans (scholars) in, 246 -50, 254 n29

RamRasik Gita , 248

Ramsvayamvar , 227

Rasik tradition: allegedly derivative character of, 228 -30, 231 ;

astayam schedule in, 223 -25;

and Ayodhya, 218 -19, 220 , 225 , 226 , 228 , 229 , 230 ;

and divine city of Saket, 220 -21, 223 , 225 , 226 , 228 , 229 , 231 ;

eroticism in, 218 , 220 , 223 , 224 , 225 , 230 ;

iconography of, 219 , 221 , 222 ,

initiation in, 221 -23;

lila in, 219 , 220 , 222 , 224 -28;

marriage of Rama and Sita in, 13 , 220 , 221 , 227 ;

poetry in, 222 -23, 225 ;

politics of, 227 -28, 229 ;

role-playing in, 219 , 221 , 222 ;

social history of, 228 -29;

and tantrism, 221 , 230 ;

in Tulsidas's Ramcaritmanas , 13 , 218 , 230 ;

visualization in, 219 , 221 , 222 , 224 -26, 228 , 229 , 231

Raspancadhyayi,228

Rationalism: and Buddhism, 62 n23;

and Jainism, 35

Ratnakara, 142

Ravana: in AdhyatmaRamayana , 76 ;

in Buddhism, 54 , 62 nn16-17, 190 ;

in Dutt's Meghanadavadha Kavya , 11 , 137 -38, 142 , 144 , 148 , 147 , 148 -49, 150 , 152 , 190 ;

in Jainism, 15 , 33 -35, 43 , 44 , 189 -90;

in Kampan's Iramavataram , 75 ;

in Kannada folklore, 35 -37;

in Kerala shadow puppet play, 159 -60, 162 , 164 , 166 -67, 169 -70;

in Krttivasa's Ramayana , 137 ;

in Paumacariya , 34 -35;

in Phra Lak/Phra Lam , 54 , 62 nn16-17;

pregnancy of, 36 -37;

in RadhesyamRamayan , 80 , 82 ;

in E. V. Ramasami's exegesis, 15 , 175 , 176 , 182 , 186 -87, 189 -90, 191 , 194 ;

and Ram Lila, 148 , 154 n20;

and Ramnami sect, 249 -50;

ritual burning of, 175 , 194 ;

in Santali tradition, 44 ;

Sita as daughter of, 34 , 36 -37;

in Tamil culture, 175 , 178 ;

in Tenkalai Srivaisnavism, 206 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 ;

in Thai culture, 39 , 43 ;

in Tulsidas's Ramcaritmanas , 77 ;

in Valmiki's Ramayana , 5 -7, 71 , 72 , 186 ;

in women's songs, 121 -22, 126 -27, 129 , 131 -32

Reynolds, Frank E., 9 -10, 14 , 17 n11

Richman, Paula, 12

Rituals: antibrahmanical critique of, 178 , 242 ;

in Buddhism, 58 -59;

and Kerala shadow puppet play, 157 ;

Laksmi festival as, 84 ;

and men, 116 , 119 ;

and pujas , 36 , 143 , 146 -48, 157 ;

Ravana's image burned in, 175 , 194 ;

sacrificial, 50 , 186 -87, 238 ;

in Telugu culture, 33 ;

in Thai culture, 58 -59;

Vedic, 74 , 119 , 178 ;

and women, 116 , 119 -20.