Index

A

Aaron, 33 , 49 , 143

Abbi, 70

Abraham (abbot of Mar John Urtaya), 58

Abraham (successor of abbot Abraham), 59

Abraham and Addai (monks), 32 , 48 -49

Abraham bar Kaili (bishop of Amida), 30 , 62 -63, 71 , 72 , 73 , 78 , 171 n42, 174 n69, 177 n20

Abraham of Kalesh (stylite), 28 , 32 , 50 -51, 162 n21

Abraham the Presbyter, 33

Abraham the Recluse, 32 , 47 , 49

Acacian schism, 137

Adam and Eve, 6

See also Eve

Addai the Chorepiscopus, 32 , 46 -47

Adversary, 10 , 11 , 14 , 118

See also Satan

Agapetus (pope), 62 , 181 n73

Agathias, 31

Alexandria, 14 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 127 , 136 , 177 n27, 177 n31

See also Egypt

Alexius the Man of God, 3 , 15 , 18 -21, 158 n120

Amida (Diyar Bekir), 26 -27, 28 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 44 , 53 , 54 , 56 , 57 -75, 76 , 84 , 93 , 123 , 146 , 173 n62

See also Ascetics, Amidan

invaded by Persia, 57 , 59 -61, 63 , 64 , 65 , 169 n13, 173 n50, 173 n51

plague of madness, 64 -65, 171 -72n44, 172 n47, 172 n48, 173 n50, 173 n51, 173 n61

Amidan monasteries, 32 , 33 , 35 , 48 , 50 , 55 , 67 , 69 -72, 102

Amidan monks, expulsion of, 67 -68, 88 , 174 n70

Aroma Talis, 130 , 194 n116

Anastasius I (emperor), 23 , 60 , 80 , 98 , 137 -38, 185 n19

Anthimus of Constantinople, 88 , 178 n45, 182 n91, 182 n93

Antioch, xv , 15 , 18 , 23 , 62 , 104 , 136

Antony of Egypt, 9 , 14 , 17 , 24 , 38 , 156 n85

Anzetene, 45 , 46 , 58 , 59

Aphrahat the Persian, 11 , 12

Ar'a Rabtha (monastery), 28 , 29 , 51

Arabia, 98 , 106

Arianism, 2 , 12 , 13 , 55 , 101

Armenia (Armenians), 2 , 41 , 102 , 106 , 165 n73

Arsenius, 194 n101, 196 n19

Arzanene, 77 , 102 , 176 n4

Ascetic practice

See also Asceticism; Ascetics

anchorites (solitaries), xv , 12 , 14 , 15 , 32 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 58 , 66 , 72 , 77 , 91 -93, 96 , 100 , 114 , 122 , 128 , 130 , 136 , 139 , 196 n29

effects of persecution on, 68 -71, 84 , 100 , 123 , 124 , 142

as public service

in Cyril of Scythopolis, 136 -37, 138 , 139

in John of Ephesus, 44 -46, 47 -49, 56 , 72 , 86 , 89 , 90 , 123 , 144

See also Asceticism, role in society

Asceticism

See also Ascetic practice; Ascetics; Monophysites; Service

definition of John of Ephesus, 46 , 49 , 52 -53, 95 , 99 -100, 103

development of, 49

Egyptian, 14 -15, 91 , 107

See also Antony of Egypt; Egypt, Amidan ascetics in; Palladius

extreme, 17 , 45 , 46 , 54 , 70 , 122 , 127 , 158 n113

martyrdom and, 55

Palestinian, 15

pillar standing, 10 , 15 -19, 28 , 31 , 32 , 44 -45, 50 -51, 68 , 72 , 107 , 157 n101

See also Abraham of Kalesh; Daniel the Stylite; Maro the Stylite; Simeon the Stylite the Elder; Simeon the Stylite the Younger; Z'ura

pillar standing, women, 114 , 191 n38

role in society, 13 -21, 49 , 52 , 65 , 66 -67, 69 -71, 135 , 139

See also Ascetic practice, as public service; Service (good works)

Syrian, xii , xvi , 4 -8, 9 , 11 , 13 -21, 31 , 52 , 97 , 156 n86, 168 n3

contrast with Egyptian and Palestinian, 14 -15

development of, xvi , 4 -8, 52 , 154 n45, 168 n2, 168 n3

tradition of, 36 , 52 , 66 -67, 69 , 97

Syrian, traits of, 39 , 43

use of symbols (imagery), 5 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 114 , 153 n29

See also Betrothal to Christ; Mary, Virgin; Prayer, cruciform

Ascetics

See also Ascetic practice; Asceticism

Amidan, 26 , 28 , 37 , 42 , 48 , 57 -75, 76 , 78 , 85 , 91 -92, 107 , 138 , 177 n20

exiles, 29 , 42 , 73 , 78 -79, 91 , 126 , 143 , 144

intercession of, 14 , 19 , 44

lapsed commitment of, 55 -56, 168 n60

lay, 4 -5, 6 , 13 , 33 , 43 , 88 -89, 114 , 117 , 182 n102

lower-class leaders of, 195 n7

regimen of, 15 , 49 -50

relation to laity, 19 -20, 34 , 68 , 71 , 96 -97, 166 n29, 179 n62

as teachers, 96 , 165 n66

wealthy, 127 -29, 142 -43, 193 n101, 194 n108

women, 114 , 121

See also Women

Asia, 29 , 82 , 99 , 106

Asia Minor, 33 , 35 , 129 , 131 , 132

Athanasius of Alexandria, 14 , 24

Augustine of Hippo, 188 n8

B

Baptism, 5 -6, 111

Bardaisan of Edessa, 2 , 97 , 153 n27, 185 n14

Basil of Caesarea, 14 , 101 , 157 n97, 186 n32, 186 n41, 188 n8, 195 n7, 196 n14

Basiliscus, 85

Bassian, 33

Beth Arsham, 33 , 97 , 98

Betrothal to Christ (God), 11 , 12 , 154 n48

See also Christ, as the Heavenly Bridegroom

Bible. See Gospels; New Testament; Old Testament

Syrian understanding of, 4 , 5

Bilingualism, 3 , 40 -42, 164 n63

Bnay and bnat qyama . See Covenanters

Bthula, 7

Byzantine Empire, xi , xv , 3 , 21 , 25 , 34 , 56 , 95

See also Constantinople religious conflict in, 84

C

Caesaria the Patrician, 33 , 127 -30, 193 n100

Cappadocia, Cappadocians, 14 , 15 , 47 , 102 , 106

Cappadocian Fathers, 186 n32, 195 n7

See also Basil of Caesarea; Gregory of Nazianzus; Gregory of Nyssa

Cappadocian monasteries, 56

Caria, 29 , 82 , 99 , 106

Celibacy, 5 -6, 7 , 11

of women, 109 , 113 , 116 , 117 , 154 n48

Chalcedon, Council Of (A. D. 451), xvi , 21 -23, 25 , 36 , 82 , 87 , 101 , 105 , 107 , 138 , 153 n20, 178 n47, 186 n33

Chalcedonian faith

Justinian and, 80 -83

of Moschus, 141

Chalcedonian theology, development of, 159 n133

Chalcedonians, 21 -25, 29 , 40 , 45 , 46 , 55 ,

62 -64, 67 , 72 , 74 , 77 , 82 -83, 104 , 135 , 144

from Egypt, 176 n16

government and, xi , xii , 29 , 30 , 40 , 61 , 79 , 82 -83, 170 n27

Charrhae, 64

Chastity, 13 , 131 , 194 n117

See also Celibacy

Christ, 5 , 6 , 8 -9, 14 , 17 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 39 , 44 , 108 , 110 , 111 , 113 , 119 , 121 , 176 n14

as the Heavenly Bridgegroom, 5 , 7 , 11

See also Betrothal to Christ

Christianity

See also Asceticism; Chalcedonians; Monophysites

asceticism and, 10 -11

Eastern and Western, 7 , 10 , 22

Greco-Latin, 2 , 4 , 9 , 111 , 112 , 114 , 116

in Persia, 9 , 97 -98, 159 n126, 185 n14, 185 n19

Syriac, feminine symbols in, 110 -14

Syrian, 1 , 4 -8, 12 , 13 , 17 , 77 , 152 n10

See also Asceticism, Syrian

Christology, 3 , 21 -22, 24 , 145

Alexandrian, 21 , 24

Antiochene, 21 -22

Constantina. See Tella

Constantine I, 83

Constantinople (Byzantium), xv , 3 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 34 , 59 , 78 , 106 , 137 -38, 146 , 160 n139, 176 n11, 177 n31, 179 n63

See also Byzantine Empire; John of Ephesus, in Constantinople; Monophysites, in Constantinople

Council of (A.D. 381), 25

General Synod (Council of A.D. 553), 23 , 36 , 83

Constantius, 57

Cosmas and Damian, 3 , 180 n71

Covenanters (Sons and Daughters of the Covenant), 6 , 11 , 19 , 96 , 97 , 113

Cyril of Alexandria, 14 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 -25, 36 , 82 , 168 n59

Cyril of Scythopolis, 134 -40, 141 , 142 , 144 , 195 n1, 195 n4, 196 n28, 196 n29

Cyrus (bishop in Persia), 187 n56

D

Daniel (archimandrite), 33

Daniel the Stylite, 38 , 52 , 85 , 158 n121

Decius (emperor), 9

Diatessaron, 5

Dionysius of Tell-Mahre (pseudo-), 30

Dioscurus, 24

Doctrina Addai,9 , 151 n5

Dualism, 5 , 7 -8, 12 , 17 , 185 n14

E

Edessa, 1 , 2 , 9 , 10 , 13 , 15 , 18 , 34 , 64 , 105 , 151 n5, 173 n56

Edessenes (monastery of the), 58 , 71

Egypt, 2 , 14 -15, 24 , 42 , 56 , 76 -80, 136 , 194 n101, 195 n7

See also Alexandria; Antony of Egypt

Amidan ascetics in, 42 , 78 -79, 91

Chalcedonians from, 176 n16

Monophysite exiles in, 24 , 33 , 76 -80, 81 , 84 , 107 , 124 -25, 128 , 175 n2, 175 n3

persecution of Monophysites in, 85 , 103 , 104

Elias (monk), 34 , 41

Elias (patriarch of Jerusalem), 137 , 165 n73

Elijah, 5 , 14 , 17 , 45

Elijah of Dara, 33 , 48 , 55

Elijah and Theodore (traders), 33 , 47 -48, 120

Elisha, 5 , 45

Emmelia, 188 n8

Ephesus, 29

Council of (A.D. 431), 25

Second Council of (Robber Synod) (A.D. 449), 36

Ephrem of Antioch (patriarch), 30 , 62 -63, 68 , 103 , 161 n12, 170 -71n33, 171 n38, 171 n39, 174 n69, 174 n72, 175 n99

Ephrem Syrus, 2 , 3 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 41 , 111 , 112 , 152 n9, 152 n17, 153 n29, 156 n83, 156 n85, 157 n91

Epiphanius of Salamis, 119

Eschatology, 6 -7, 11

Eudocia, 137 , 196 n25

Euphemia and the Goth, 3

Euphemia of Amida, 32 , 33 , 38 -39, 45 , 73 -75, 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 130 , 132 , 143 , 177 n25, 193 n81

Euphrasius, 62 , 170 n31

Eusebius of Caesarea, 10 , 41 , 151 n5, 179 n61

Euthymius, 137 , 138 , 139 , 196 n25

Eutychianism, 22

Evagrianism, 36

Evagrius Scholasticus, 25 , 31 , 80 , 177 n35

Eve, 6 , 117 , 120

Exorcism (exorcists), 32 , 39 , 48 , 50 , 64 , 66 , 117 -18, 137 , 142

F

Famine, 59 , 60 , 63 , 71 , 171 n43

Febronia, 115 , 116 , 191 n43

G

Gnosticism, 5 , 7 , 110

Goddesses, 109 -10, 189 n17, 191 n36

Gospels, 5 , 13 , 39 , 44 , 70

Greek language, 1 , 2 -4, 40 -42

See also Hellenism

Greek literature, xii , xvii , 17 , 31 , 34 -35, 151 n8, 155 n57, 158 n112, 183 n110

Syriac translations of, 35 -36, 153 n23, 153 n24

Gregory of Nazianzus, 14 , 101 , 157 n97, 186 n32

Gregory of Nyssa, 188 n8

Gregory of Tours, 165 n78

Guria, 9 , 10 , 34

H

Habib (Edessan martyr), 9 , 10

Habib (holy man), 32 , 34 , 43 -44, 45 , 46 , 52 , 88

Hagiography, xiv , xvii , 3 , 15 , 34 , 37 -41, 50 , 115 , 119 , 134 - 35 , 145 , 162 n25, 198 n58

See also John of Ephesus, as hagiographer; John of Ephesus, Lives of the Eastern Saints

definition of, xiv , xvii , 146

models for, 13

standard formulae and themes of, xiv , 3 , 38 -39, 116 , 121 , 141 , 143 , 144 , 164 n60, 194 n101, 195 n4, 197 n50

style, 42 , 164 n60

women in, 115 , 116 , 121 , 130 -33, 139

Hala, 33 , 71 , 90

Harfat, 32 , 45

Harith bar Gabala, 105

Healings, 39 , 44 , 50 , 52 , 56

Hellenism, 2 -4, 16 , 34 , 112 , 152 n10, 162 n17

See also Greek language; Greek literature

Henoticon, 162 n17

Hephthalitae, 61 , 66 , 170 n24

Heresies, 2 , 16 , 22 , 29 , 36 , 55 , 90 , 99 , 112 , 137 -38, 167 n51, 191 n36

See also Arianism; Gnosticism; Manicheans; Marcionism; Montanism; Nestorianism

hnana 51

Holy fools, 34 , 39 , 65 , 91 -93, 162 n21, 183 n110, 183 n111, 183 n113

See also Simeon Salos

Holy Spirit, 110 , 112 , 187 n41

Hormisdas (palace), 87 , 90 , 118 , 181 n87

Hosea, 17

Huns, 61 , 65 -66, 170 n24

I

ihidaya ("single one"), 7 -8

Ingila (Ingilene), 28

Intercession, of ascetics, 14 , 19 , 44

Isaac (monk), 33

Isaac of Nineveh, 3 , 152 n17

Isaiah, 17 , 110

J

Jacob (Amidan monk), 48 -49, 118

Jacob (anchorite), 66

Jacob Burd'aya, 29 , 33 , 64 , 103 , 105 -6, 107 , 131 , 187 n41, 188 n 63, 188 n65

Jacob of Nisibis, 12 -13, 14 , 36 , 58

Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church, 106 , 131

See also Syrian Orthodoxy

Jeremiah, 17

Jerome, 196 n29

Jerusalem, xv , 74 , 77 , 106 , 115 , 122 , 136 , 137 , 141 , 196 n29

Jesus, 21 , 22 , 108 , 151 n5

See also Christ

Jews, Judaism, 1 , 2 , 5 , 11 , 90 , 110 , 146 , 167 n51

persecution by Christians, 53 -54

John Moschus, 31 , 35 , 118 , 130 -31, 134 -35, 140 -42, 144

John of Beith-Aphthonia, 82

John of Ephesus (John of Asia), xi , 28 -31, 35 -42, 43 -56, 58 , 60 , 64 , 68 , 69 , 73 , 76 , 78 , 89 , 139

ascetic views of, 32 , 34 , 55 -56, 76 , 97 , 99 -100, 107 , 108 , 142 , 144

bilingualism, 35 , 40 -42

consecration as bishop, 106 , 107

in Constantinople, xi , 29 -30, 32 , 35 , 76 , 93 , 161 n12, 178 n46

death of, 30 , 161 n11

early life, 28 -29, 32 , 35 , 36 , 51 , 52 , 107

Ecclesiastical History , xi , xiv -xvii, 30 -31, 34 , 37 , 40 , 63 , 64 , 99 , 103

content of, 30

in Egypt, 29 , 32 , 76 -77

as hagiographer, xv , 37 -42, 43 , 134 , 145 -46, 188 n63

hagiographic style of, 37 -40, 142 , 164 n60

hagiographic(al) purpose of, 37 , 40 -41, 54 , 65 , 84 , 91 , 94 , 103 , 132 , 134 -35, 136 , 141 , 145 -46

imprisonment of, 30 , 161 n10

Justinian and Theodora and, 26 , 31 , 81 -82, 118 , 178 n46, 179 n50, 181 n77

Lives of the Eastern Saints , xi , 4 , 26 , 30 -37, 40 , 42 , 57 , 81 , 93 , 95 , 99 , 100 , 103 , 107

compared to Cyril's Lives of Palestinian Saints , 134 , 135 -37, 139 , 141 , 142 , 144

compared to Moschus' Pratum spirituale , 35 , 134 , 141 , 142

compared to Palladius' and Theodoret's Lives , 35 , 49 , 54 -56, 130

contents, 31 -34, 39 , 70 , 76 , 78 , 79 , 83 , 94 , 103 , 106

purpose, 40 -41, 91 , 132 , 134 , 143 , 144 , 145 -46

women in, 108 , 116 -20, 122 , 126 , 132

in Mesopotamia, xi , 28 , 32

missions, 29 , 33 , 35 , 82 , 99 , 129 , 131 , 178 n46

modern scholarship and, xii , xiv

ordination of, 29 , 102 , 107 , 186 n35

paganism and, 29 , 98 -99, 185 n23

view of Monophysites in Constantinople, 84 -86, 87 , 90

view of solitary practice, 91 -93, 139

view of women, 116 -17, 119 -20, 121 -32

John of Hephaestopolis, 33 , 103 -4, 105 , 107 , 131

John of Tella, 29 , 33 , 34 , 37 , 70 , 82 , 100 -5, 106 , 107 , 119 , 131 , 176 n4, 185 n27, 187 n41

John Scholasticus, 30

John the Almsgiver, 79

John the Baptist, 5 , 14

John the Nazirite, 32 , 50

John the Solitary, 3 , 152 n17

"Joshua the Stylite," 31 , 60 , 169 n11

Judaism. See Jews

Julian of Halicarnassus, 176 n14, 179 n50

Julian Saba, 12 -13, 14 , 36 , 58

Justin I 23 -24, 40 , 61 , 67 , 162 n23, 170 n27

Justin II, 31 , 83 , 91 , 161 n101, 78 n42, 179 n60, 183 n109

Justinian, 23 , 26 , 27 , 63 , 67 , 80 , 85 , 86 , 89 , 138 , 141 , 159 n138, 160 n146, 178 n41, 178 n45, 178 n46, 179 n50

Chalcedonian faith of, 22 -24, 25 , 29 , 36 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 83 , 104

military campaigns, 26 , 61

Monophysites and, 63 , 80 -83, 87 , 90 , 99

and pagans, 185 n23

Z'ura and, 84 , 85 , 138

K

Kashish, 33

Kawad, 59 , 61 , 66 , 169 n11

Khosroes, 61 , 170 n24

L

Latin language and literature, 22 , 41 , 165 n78

Leontius (monk), 33

Leontius of Byzantium, 196 n28

Logos, 21 , 22 , 112

Lycaonia, 106

Lycia, 29 , 82 , 99 , 106

M

Macrina, 188 n8

Madness, plague of, 64 -65, 171 -72n44, 172 n47, 172 n48, 173 n50, 173 n51, 173 n61

Magi, 97 , 98

Mahya, 191 n44

Maiouma, 78

Maipherqat (Martyropolis), 64

Malalas, 162 n17

Man of God (Alexius), 15 , 18 -21, 34

Mani (Manicheans), 5 , 7 , 97 , 99 , 178 n46, 185 n14

Mar John Urtaya (monastery), 29 , 32 , 35 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 69

Mar John Urtaya, 58

Mar Mama, 67 , 70

Mar Menas, 176 n4

Marcion (Marcionism), 2 , 5 , 7 , 97 , 113 , 185 n14, 191 n36

Marde, 102

Mare (bishop of Amida), 78 -79, 165 n66

Mare of Beth Urtaye, 32 , 56

Mare the Solitary, 33 , 85 -86, 87 , 138 , 181 n77

Mari, 33

Maria (daughter of Euphemia), 73 -74, 123

Maria (wife of Thomas the Armenian), 120

Maro the Stylite, 28 -29, 32 , 33 , 39 , 50 -52, 65 -66, 72 , 107 , 118 , 122

Maronites, 190 n28

Marriage

spiritual, 6 , 11 , 91 , 113 , 114 , 129

women and, 113 , 117 , 126 , 129

Martyrdom, 9 -10, 12 , 34 , 54 -55, 67 , 74 , 100 , 103 , 109 , 115 , 191 n44

salvation and, 115

Martyrius of Jerusalem, 137

Mary, Virgin, 111 , 112 , 114 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 131 , 132 , 189 n16

Mary the Anchorite, 33 , 121 , 125 -126, 128 , 130

Mary the Pilgrim (sister of Euphemia), 32 , 122 -23, 124 , 125 , 126 , 128 , 130 , 177 n25

Melania the Elder, 127 , 194 n103, 194 n108, 196 n29

Melania the Younger, 127

Meltha, 112

Mendis, 77 , 79 , 124 , 176 n5

Mesopotamia, xi , xv , 12 , 28 , 32 , 41 , 42 , 57 , 77 , 157 n99

See also Amida ascetics in, 31 , 33 , 76

Chalcedonians in, 63

invasions of, 61 , 141

persecutions of Monophysites, 24 , 61 , 78 , 174 n65

Michael the Syrian, 30 , 82

Miracles, 17 , 51 , 56 , 122 , 123 , 137 , 143 -44

Mishael, 182 n102

Mitylene, 106

Monasteries, 15 , 29 , 56 , 58 , 67 , 68 , 71 , 78 , 157 n93, 175 n99

See also Amidan monasteries

Syriac, library, 165 n66

Monasticism, 7 , 13 -14, 49 -50, 58 , 70 , 136

development of, 11 , 15 -16, 19 -20, 52 -53

training of novices, 35 , 41 , 49 , 69 -70

Monica, 188 n8

Monophysite bishops, 33 , 76 , 81 , 88 , 100 -101, 104 , 174 n74

Monophysite exiles, 76 , 88 , 100 , 107 , 124 -25, 138 , 144

See also Ascetics, Amidan exiles; Egypt, Monophysite exiles in

Monophysite missions, 94 -100, 132 , 178 n47, 184 n1

See also John of Ephesus, missions

Monophysite movement, development of, 21 -25, 188 n66

Monophysite theology, development of, 159 n133

Monophysites, xi , xv , xvi , 4 , 21 -25, 38 , 68 , 70 , 77 -78, 91 , 100 , 117 , 137 , 141 , 163 n37

communion act, 182 n93

in Constantinople (Byzantium), 29 , 30 , 33 , 45 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 83 -91, 92 -93, 103 , 104 , 107 , 127 , 169 n17, 181 n87, 182 n102, 183 n109

disputes among, xi , 30 , 31 , 179 n60

in Egypt, 76 -80, 174 n65

See also Egypt, Monophysite exiles in

leadership of, 73 , 88 , 103 , 105 -6, 107 , 146

meetings with Chalcedonians, 82 -83, 101

ordination of, 29 , 101 -7, 132

persecutions of, xii , xvi , 24 , 30 , 36 , 40 , 45 , 46 , 54 , 56 , 74 , 103 , 123

beginning, 29 , 31 , 67 -68, 162 n23

causes, 169 n17, 183 n109

in Constantinople, 91

effects of, 34 , 64 , 78 , 84 , 86 -87, 100 , 184 n1, 186 -87n41

in Mesopotamia, 61 -65, 174 n65

in Persia, 98 , 169 n17

protected by Theodora, 29 , 80 -84, 86 -87, 90 , 98 , 104 , 177 n37, 181 n82, 182 n93

as separate church, xv , 100 , 106 -7, 174 n74

women and, 121 -22, 131 , 132

Montanists (Montanism), 29 , 82 , 99 , 191 n36

Moses, 5 , 14 , 17 , 85

N

Nestorians (Nestorianism) (Church of the East), 2 , 22 , 41 , 97 -98, 138 , 184 n1, 185 n19, 186 n31, 190 n28

Nestorius, 21

New Testament, 5 , 6 , 108 , 109 , 111 , 113 , 129

Nicea, Council of (A.D. 325), 12 , 21 -22, 25 , 83

Nisibis, 2 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 98 , 115

O

Odes of Solomon , 8 -9, 17 , 110 -11, 112 , 151 n8, 154 n47

Old Testament, 5 , 16 , 45 , 46 , 110 , 116

Ordination, 100 -107, 132 , 186 n35, 186 n41, 187 n56

Origenists (Origenism), 136 , 138 , 141

Osrhoene, 1 , 12 , 100

Olympias, 127

P

Pachomius, 154 n45

Pagans (paganism), 1 , 2 , 29 , 82 , 90 , 95 -96, 98 -99, 110 , 115 , 167 n51, 185 n23

Palestine, 15 , 77 , 106 , 134 -38, 140 , 141 , 197 n51

Palladius, 31 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 54 -56, 130

Papacy, 24 , 25 , 83 , 137

Parables, marriage feast, 5 -6

Paradise, 6 , 7 , 136 , 137

Paul, apostle, 5 , 109 , 111 , 113 , 183 n110

Paul of Antioch (monk), 34 , 99

Paul the Anchorite, 32 , 66 , 143

Paul "the Black" of Antioch (patriarch), 182 n91

Paul "the Jew" (patriarch), 61 -62, 170 n31, 174 n65, 177 n20

Paula, 127 , 196 n29

Pelagia, 3 , 115 -16, 126 , 152 n19, 191 n45, 192 n48

Penance, 17 , 119

Persecution, 9 , 37 , 77 , 174 n70, 175 n99, 176 n4, 177 n29, 185 n19

See also Monophysites, persecutions of

of Christians in Najran, 184 n13

effects of, 32 , 33

of Nestorians, 2

Persia, 1 , 33 , 41 , 57 , 95 , 97 , 98 , 169 n17, 170 n21

Christianity in, 9 , 97 -98, 159 n126, 185 n14, 185 n19

invasion of Amida, 57 , 59 -61, 63 , 64 , 65 , 169 n13, 173 n50, 173 n51

Monophysites in, 98 , 169 n17

siege of Edessa, 173 n56

siege of Nisibis, 12

wars, xi , 23 , 26 , 169 n11, 169 n17, 187 n56

Peter and Photius, 33

Peter of Jerusalem (patriarch), 138

Peter the Iberian, 78 , 186 n41

Philoxenus of Mabbog, 102 , 105

Phrygia, 29 , 82 , 99 , 106

Piacenza Pilgrim, 192 n48

Pilgrims, 15 -16, 74 , 77 , 122 , 192 n48

See also Mary the Pilgrim

Plague, Great Bubonic, 25 , 30 , 31 , 63 , 86 , 160 n145, 171 n43

Poplars (monastery), 67 , 68 , 175 n99

Prayer, 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 19

cruciform, 8 -9, 17 , 18 , 20

Syrian tradition, 152 n17

Procopius, 26 , 31 , 61 , 65 , 66 , 80 , 84 , 85 , 160 n146, 177 n32, 177 n35, 178 n43, 180 n71

Protevangelion of James , 111 , 112 , 190 n23, 190 n24

Q

Qaddishe . See Marriage, spiritual

Qal'at Sim'an, 18

Qumran, 11

Quqites, 153 n27

R

Rabbula, Bishop, 18 , 19 , 20

Renunciation, 5 , 7 -8, 11

See also Asceticism

Resurrection, 9 , 111

Roman Empire, 33 , 41

See also Byzantine Empire

army, 60 -61, 67 , 71

war with Persia, 169 n17, 169 n21

Romanos Melodos, 3

Romanus, 33

Rufinus, 196 n29

Ruha, 110 , 112

S

Sabas, 137 , 138 , 139 , 165 n73, 196 n25

Salvation, 5 , 101 , 115

belief and, 22

Samaritans, 136 , 138 , 141

Saracens, 105 , 141

Satan, 10 , 17 , 119 , 120 , 132 , 141

See also Adversary

Sergius (cellmate of Jacob), 105

Sergius (disciple of Simeon), 32 , 53 -54, 72 -73

Sergius (archimandrite), 33

Sergius and Bacchus, 3 , 181 n87

Sergius of Antioch, 182 n91

Service (good works), 11 , 12 , 13 , 18 -19, 20 , 33 , 38 , 42 , 73 -74, 142

See also Ascetic practice, as public service

Severus of Antioch, 37 , 101 -2, 105 , 106 , 127 , 137 -38, 160 n139, 176 n11, 176 n13, 176 n14, 176 n16, 182 n91, 182 n93, 185 n23, 186 n32

in Antioch, 23 , 24 , 179 n51, 182 n102

banishment and exile, 61 , 63 , 80 , 88 , 182 n95

early life, 185 n23

in Egypt, 76 , 78

Justinian and, 82 -83

writings of, 153 n23

Shapur II, 9

Sharbil, 9 , 10 , 34

Shmona, 9 , 10 , 34

Simeon of the Olives, 157 n93

Simeon Salos, 183 n110

See also Holy fools

Simeon the Hermit, 32 , 53

Simeon the Mountaineer, 32 , 33 , 66 , 95 -97, 98 , 99 , 107

Simeon the Persian Debater, 33 , 97 , 99 , 176 n4

Simeon the Scribe, 33

Simeon the Solitary, 32 , 72

Simeon the Stylite the Elder (Simeon Stylites), 10 , 15 -19, 20 , 21 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 45 , 50 , 52 , 54 , 65 , 137 , 157 n100

Simeon the Stylite the Younger, 158 n121

Solitaries. See Ascetic practice, anchorites

Sophanene, 44 , 88

Sosiana, 33 , 129 -30

Stephen (deacon, companion of Thomas), 32 , 78 -79, 86 -87, 91

Stylites. See Asceticism, pillar standing

Susan, 33 , 76 -77, 79 , 80 , 107 , 121 , 124 -25, 126 , 128 -29, 130 , 132 , 139 -40

Sycae (monastery), 29 , 85 , 86 , 92

Sycamores (monastery), 67 , 71

Syria, 1 , 14 , 15 , 106 , 136 , 141

Syriac academies, 2 , 3 , 41

Syriac language, xi , xii , 1 -4, 7 , 40 , 151 n2

Greek language and, 2 -4, 40 -42, 112

Syriac literature, xii , xvii , 1 , 2 , 3 , 16 -17, 34 , 36 , 151 n8, 152 n10, 152 n17, 157 n106, 158 n116, 159 n128, 163 n32, 183 n110, 190 n24, 191 n43, 191 n45

Syrian Goddess, 109 -10, 189 n12, 189 n17

Syrian Orient. See Amida; Edessa; Mesopotamia; Nisibis; Osrhoene; Persia; Syria

Syrian Orthodoxy (Jacobites), 4 , 106 , 131 , 178 n38, 190 n28

T

Tatian, 5

Tella (Constantina), 64 , 91 , 100 , 122 , 188 n63

Tertullian, 118

Thecla, 109 , 116

Theodora (empress), 27 , 78 -79, 85 , 178 n40, 178 n41, 178 n43, 178 n45, 196 n25

baptism, 180 n66

Monophysite faith of, 29 , 80 -81

protects Monophysites, 29 , 67 , 80 -84, 86 -87, 88 , 90 , 98 , 104 , 105 , 118 , 177 n37, 181 n82, 182 n93

Theodore (brother of Elijah), 47 -48

Theodore of Arabia, 33 , 105 -6, 187 n41

Theodore of Sykeon, 167 n41

Theodore the Castrensis , 33 , 89 -90

Theodoret of Cyrrhus, 36

compared to John of Ephesus, 38 , 40 , 46 , 49 , 54 -56, 130 -31

Historia religiosa , 16 -17, 31 , 34 , 55 , 114 , 156 n83, 167 -68n59

Theodosius (patriarch of Alexandria), 30 , 85 , 88 , 103 , 104 , 176 n11, 178 n45, 182 n91, 182 n93

Thomas (bishop of Amida), 78

Thomas (deacon, companion of Stephen), 32 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 91

Thomas of Damascus, 33

Thomas of Marga, 35 , 36

Thomas the Armenian, 32 , 78 , 120 , 128 , 142 -43

Thrace, 104

Three Chapters controversy, 36 , 83

Timothy IV 78

Tome of Pope Leo, 22 , 159 n128

Tralles, 104

Transvestite saints, 116 , 126 , 152 n19, 192 n48

Tribunus, 33 , 88 -89, 90 , 118 , 120 , 126

Trishagion riots, 179 n62

Tur Abdin, 157 n93

W

Wisdom, 110 , 189 n16

Women, xv , 33 , 34 , 37 , 38 , 77 , 108 -33, 141 , 188 n9, 189 n14

See also Celibacy, of women; early Christianity and, 108 -9

as missionaries, and martyrs, 109 , 131 , 188 n8

monks and, 114 , 139 , 197 n31

as source of evil, 119 -20, 130

as spiritual leaders, 114 , 132 -33, 191 n36

status in Syrian society, 113 , 114

as transvestite saints, 116 , 126 , 152 n19

view of Cyril of Scythopolis, 139

weakness of, 194 n120

Z

Z'ura, 32 , 33 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 66 , 84 -85, 86 , 87 , 88 -89, 107 , 138 , 180 n66, 180 n71, 181 n73

Zachariah Rhetor (pseudo-), 31 , 42 , 69 , 185 n23

Zacharias, 70

Zeno (emperor), 59 , 85 , 137