II "Let your Light so Shine Before Men": The Ascetic Vision
1. Cf. Brown, "Rise and Function." [BACK]
2. John of Ephesus, Lives , 1, PO 17:5-18.
3. Ibid., 9.
4. Ibid., 15.
5. Ibid., 12.
6. John states that Habib "travelled in all the districts of Syria," ibid., 11.
7. "Life of Z'ura" is John's second chapter, ibid., 18-35; however, Z'ura's discipleship is also stressed in the "Life of Habib," for example, ibid., 10, 17. See also Michael the Syrian, Chronique 9.23. [BACK]
2. John of Ephesus, Lives , 1, PO 17:5-18.
3. Ibid., 9.
4. Ibid., 15.
5. Ibid., 12.
6. John states that Habib "travelled in all the districts of Syria," ibid., 11.
7. "Life of Z'ura" is John's second chapter, ibid., 18-35; however, Z'ura's discipleship is also stressed in the "Life of Habib," for example, ibid., 10, 17. See also Michael the Syrian, Chronique 9.23. [BACK]
2. John of Ephesus, Lives , 1, PO 17:5-18.
3. Ibid., 9.
4. Ibid., 15.
5. Ibid., 12.
6. John states that Habib "travelled in all the districts of Syria," ibid., 11.
7. "Life of Z'ura" is John's second chapter, ibid., 18-35; however, Z'ura's discipleship is also stressed in the "Life of Habib," for example, ibid., 10, 17. See also Michael the Syrian, Chronique 9.23. [BACK]
2. John of Ephesus, Lives , 1, PO 17:5-18.
3. Ibid., 9.
4. Ibid., 15.
5. Ibid., 12.
6. John states that Habib "travelled in all the districts of Syria," ibid., 11.
7. "Life of Z'ura" is John's second chapter, ibid., 18-35; however, Z'ura's discipleship is also stressed in the "Life of Habib," for example, ibid., 10, 17. See also Michael the Syrian, Chronique 9.23. [BACK]
2. John of Ephesus, Lives , 1, PO 17:5-18.
3. Ibid., 9.
4. Ibid., 15.
5. Ibid., 12.
6. John states that Habib "travelled in all the districts of Syria," ibid., 11.
7. "Life of Z'ura" is John's second chapter, ibid., 18-35; however, Z'ura's discipleship is also stressed in the "Life of Habib," for example, ibid., 10, 17. See also Michael the Syrian, Chronique 9.23. [BACK]
2. John of Ephesus, Lives , 1, PO 17:5-18.
3. Ibid., 9.
4. Ibid., 15.
5. Ibid., 12.
6. John states that Habib "travelled in all the districts of Syria," ibid., 11.
7. "Life of Z'ura" is John's second chapter, ibid., 18-35; however, Z'ura's discipleship is also stressed in the "Life of Habib," for example, ibid., 10, 17. See also Michael the Syrian, Chronique 9.23. [BACK]
8. Lives, 2, PO 17:20. For the ramifications of the master-disciple relationship, see Brown, "Saint as Exemplar"; and Flusin, Miracle et histoire, 188-91. [BACK]
9. Lives, 12, PO 17:181. [BACK]
10. Lives, 11, PO 17:158-66.
11. Ibid., 164. [BACK]
10. Lives, 11, PO 17:158-66.
11. Ibid., 164. [BACK]
12. Theodoret, Historia religiosa 26.2, 12; and the Syriac Vita Simeonis Stylitae, AMS 4:571-77. [BACK]
16. Cf. Vita Antonii, chap. 14. See Douglas, Purity and Danger, 94. [BACK]
17. Lives, 7, PO 17:118-24.
18. Ibid., 120.
19. Ibid., 123. A similar incident is recounted in the "Life of Habib," Lives, 1, PO 17:12; but the story seems to fit more appropriately here, in the "Life of Abraham." [BACK]
17. Lives, 7, PO 17:118-24.
18. Ibid., 120.
19. Ibid., 123. A similar incident is recounted in the "Life of Habib," Lives, 1, PO 17:12; but the story seems to fit more appropriately here, in the "Life of Abraham." [BACK]
17. Lives, 7, PO 17:118-24.
18. Ibid., 120.
19. Ibid., 123. A similar incident is recounted in the "Life of Habib," Lives, 1, PO 17:12; but the story seems to fit more appropriately here, in the "Life of Abraham." [BACK]
20. Lives, 31, PO 18:576-85.
21. Ibid., 577. [BACK]
20. Lives, 31, PO 18:576-85.
21. Ibid., 577. [BACK]
22. Lives, 30, PO 18:575-76. [BACK]
23. For example, Brown, "Rise and Function"; and Patlagean, "À Byzance." [BACK]
24. Lives, 15, PO 17:220-28.
25. Ibid., 223-24.
26. Ibid., 224.
27. Ibid., 22, PO 17:299-300.
28. Ibid., 299. [BACK]
24. Lives, 15, PO 17:220-28.
25. Ibid., 223-24.
26. Ibid., 224.
27. Ibid., 22, PO 17:299-300.
28. Ibid., 299. [BACK]
24. Lives, 15, PO 17:220-28.
25. Ibid., 223-24.
26. Ibid., 224.
27. Ibid., 22, PO 17:299-300.
28. Ibid., 299. [BACK]
24. Lives, 15, PO 17:220-28.
25. Ibid., 223-24.
26. Ibid., 224.
27. Ibid., 22, PO 17:299-300.
28. Ibid., 299. [BACK]
24. Lives, 15, PO 17:220-28.
25. Ibid., 223-24.
26. Ibid., 224.
27. Ibid., 22, PO 17:299-300.
28. Ibid., 299. [BACK]
29. Compare the panic Theodoret depicts in villages that did not have a holy man or woman to look after them. One village went so far as to kidnap a neighboring town's recluse, who was shortly thereafter kidnapped back. See Theodoret, Historia religiosa 19. [BACK]
30. Lives, 19, PO 17:278-83.
31. Ibid., 18, PO 17:260-65. Cf. Syriac and Arabic Documents, ed. and trans. A. Vööbus, 33 (canon 26).
32. Ibid., 7, PO 17:118-24. [BACK]
30. Lives, 19, PO 17:278-83.
31. Ibid., 18, PO 17:260-65. Cf. Syriac and Arabic Documents, ed. and trans. A. Vööbus, 33 (canon 26).
32. Ibid., 7, PO 17:118-24. [BACK]
30. Lives, 19, PO 17:278-83.
31. Ibid., 18, PO 17:260-65. Cf. Syriac and Arabic Documents, ed. and trans. A. Vööbus, 33 (canon 26).
32. Ibid., 7, PO 17:118-24. [BACK]
33. Cf. Brown, ''Saint as Exemplar," on the dissemination of a central value system. [BACK]
34. Lives, 38, PO 18:641-45.
35. Ibid., 3, PO 17:40; see also 17:36-55.
36. Ibid., 35, PO 18:612; see also 18:607-23. [BACK]
34. Lives, 38, PO 18:641-45.
35. Ibid., 3, PO 17:40; see also 17:36-55.
36. Ibid., 35, PO 18:612; see also 18:607-23. [BACK]
34. Lives, 38, PO 18:641-45.
35. Ibid., 3, PO 17:40; see also 17:36-55.
36. Ibid., 35, PO 18:612; see also 18:607-23. [BACK]
37. Theodoret, Historia religiosa 26.26. [BACK]
38. Lives, 4, PO 17:56-84. Maro also appears during the Monophysite persecutions in Lives, 5, PO 17:98-101.
39. Ibid., 4, PO 17:83-84.
40. Ibid., 60. [BACK]
38. Lives, 4, PO 17:56-84. Maro also appears during the Monophysite persecutions in Lives, 5, PO 17:98-101.
39. Ibid., 4, PO 17:83-84.
40. Ibid., 60. [BACK]
38. Lives, 4, PO 17:56-84. Maro also appears during the Monophysite persecutions in Lives, 5, PO 17:98-101.
39. Ibid., 4, PO 17:83-84.
40. Ibid., 60. [BACK]
41. See the discussion of this incident in chap. 1, pp. 28-29. Compare the first miracle worked by Theodore of Sykeon, for which the suppliant had to explain to Theodore how to do it; Life of Theodore of Sykeon, in Three Byzantine Saints, chap. 18, 99-100. [BACK]
47. Cf. Douglas, Purity and Danger, esp. 99-113. [BACK]
48. Lives, 5, PO 17:84-111.
49. Ibid., 90-91.
50. Ibid., 93. This incident is discussed in both Nöldeke, Sketches from Eastern History, chap. 7; and Segal, "Jews of North Mesopotamia," 60-61. [BACK]
48. Lives, 5, PO 17:84-111.
49. Ibid., 90-91.
50. Ibid., 93. This incident is discussed in both Nöldeke, Sketches from Eastern History, chap. 7; and Segal, "Jews of North Mesopotamia," 60-61. [BACK]
48. Lives, 5, PO 17:84-111.
49. Ibid., 90-91.
50. Ibid., 93. This incident is discussed in both Nöldeke, Sketches from Eastern History, chap. 7; and Segal, "Jews of North Mesopotamia," 60-61. [BACK]
51. On the position of the Jews, see Segal, "Jews of North Mesopotamia"; Jones, Later Roman Empire 2:944-50; and A. Sharf, Byzantine Jewry from Justinian to the Fourth Crusade (London, 1971), esp. 19-41. Sharf comments on the anomalous legal status of the Jewish religion, which was explicitly permitted as a deliberate Christian policy: "Judaism had to be preserved as a living testimony to the Christian interpretation of the scriptures, to the victory of Christianity. Jews were thus sharply distinguished from both pagans and heretics—who had no rights and no civil status" (Sharf, Byzantine Jewry, 20). Cf. Procopius, Anecdota 28.16-18, on Justinian's persecution of the Jews. [BACK]
52. AMS 4:636-38. Cf. for example, Nau, "Deux épisodes"; and Severus of Antioch, Sixth Book of Select Letters 1.15. [BACK]
53. Lives, 5, PO 17:95-103; discussed in chap. 3, pp. 72-73. [BACK]
54. For example, Palladius, Historia Lausiaca 3. [BACK]
55. For example, Theodoret, Historia religiosa 1, 2. [BACK]
56. Lives, 29, PO 18:563.
57. Ibid., 30, PO 18:575-76. [BACK]
56. Lives, 29, PO 18:563.
57. Ibid., 30, PO 18:575-76. [BACK]
58. See, for example, Chitty, Desert a City; and Hunt, "Palladius of Helenopolis." [BACK]
59. Peeters, Orient et Byzance, chap. 5, supposes that Theodoret may have
written the Historia religiosa partly to regain favor with Syrian ascetics, and partly as a reaction against Egyptian monasticism and thus against Cyril of Alexandria. Canivet, Monachisme syrien , disagrees altogether and does not believe that a political motive lies behind the work. [BACK]
60. Lives, 32, PO 18:586-92. There are two other instances of misbehaving monks: two monks deceived by a vision from Satan, who immediately seek confession and penance when they realize what has happened; and a monk who joined the Amidan monasteries without following canonical procedure but who repented and received absolution before death. See Lives, 15, PO 17:220-28; 18, PO 17:260-65. Both instances are more fully discussed here later. [BACK]
61. Palladius, Historia Lausiaca 25, 53, 58. [BACK]
62. Lives, 9, PO 17:135, see also 17:135-37. [BACK]