A

Aaron, 33 , 49 , 143

Abbi, 70

Abraham (abbot of Mar John Urtaya), 58

Abraham (successor of abbot Abraham), 59

Abraham and Addai (monks), 32 , 48 -49

Abraham bar Kaili (bishop of Amida), 30 , 62 -63, 71 , 72 , 73 , 78 , 171 n42, 174 n69, 177 n20

Abraham of Kalesh (stylite), 28 , 32 , 50 -51, 162 n21

Abraham the Presbyter, 33

Abraham the Recluse, 32 , 47 , 49

Acacian schism, 137

Adam and Eve, 6

See also Eve

Addai the Chorepiscopus, 32 , 46 -47

Adversary, 10 , 11 , 14 , 118

See also Satan

Agapetus (pope), 62 , 181 n73

Agathias, 31

Alexandria, 14 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 127 , 136 , 177 n27, 177 n31

See also Egypt

Alexius the Man of God, 3 , 15 , 18 -21, 158 n120

Amida (Diyar Bekir), 26 -27, 28 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 44 , 53 , 54 , 56 , 57 -75, 76 , 84 , 93 , 123 , 146 , 173 n62

See also Ascetics, Amidan

invaded by Persia, 57 , 59 -61, 63 , 64 , 65 , 169 n13, 173 n50, 173 n51

plague of madness, 64 -65, 171 -72n44, 172 n47, 172 n48, 173 n50, 173 n51, 173 n61

Amidan monasteries, 32 , 33 , 35 , 48 , 50 , 55 , 67 , 69 -72, 102

Amidan monks, expulsion of, 67 -68, 88 , 174 n70

Aroma Talis, 130 , 194 n116

Anastasius I (emperor), 23 , 60 , 80 , 98 , 137 -38, 185 n19

Anthimus of Constantinople, 88 , 178 n45, 182 n91, 182 n93

Antioch, xv , 15 , 18 , 23 , 62 , 104 , 136

Antony of Egypt, 9 , 14 , 17 , 24 , 38 , 156 n85

Anzetene, 45 , 46 , 58 , 59

Aphrahat the Persian, 11 , 12

Ar'a Rabtha (monastery), 28 , 29 , 51

Arabia, 98 , 106

Arianism, 2 , 12 , 13 , 55 , 101

Armenia (Armenians), 2 , 41 , 102 , 106 , 165 n73

Arsenius, 194 n101, 196 n19

Arzanene, 77 , 102 , 176 n4

Ascetic practice

See also Asceticism; Ascetics

anchorites (solitaries), xv , 12 , 14 , 15 , 32 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 58 , 66 , 72 , 77 , 91 -93, 96 , 100 , 114 , 122 , 128 , 130 , 136 , 139 , 196 n29

effects of persecution on, 68 -71, 84 , 100 , 123 , 124 , 142

as public service

in Cyril of Scythopolis, 136 -37, 138 , 139

in John of Ephesus, 44 -46, 47 -49, 56 , 72 , 86 , 89 , 90 , 123 , 144

See also Asceticism, role in society

Asceticism

See also Ascetic practice; Ascetics; Monophysites; Service

definition of John of Ephesus, 46 , 49 , 52 -53, 95 , 99 -100, 103

development of, 49

Egyptian, 14 -15, 91 , 107

See also Antony of Egypt; Egypt, Amidan ascetics in; Palladius

extreme, 17 , 45 , 46 , 54 , 70 , 122 , 127 , 158 n113

martyrdom and, 55

Palestinian, 15

pillar standing, 10 , 15 -19, 28 , 31 , 32 , 44 -45, 50 -51, 68 , 72 , 107 , 157 n101

See also Abraham of Kalesh; Daniel the Stylite; Maro the Stylite; Simeon the Stylite the Elder; Simeon the Stylite the Younger; Z'ura

pillar standing, women, 114 , 191 n38

role in society, 13 -21, 49 , 52 , 65 , 66 -67, 69 -71, 135 , 139

See also Ascetic practice, as public service; Service (good works)

Syrian, xii , xvi , 4 -8, 9 , 11 , 13 -21, 31 , 52 , 97 , 156 n86, 168 n3

contrast with Egyptian and Palestinian, 14 -15

development of, xvi , 4 -8, 52 , 154 n45, 168 n2, 168 n3

tradition of, 36 , 52 , 66 -67, 69 , 97

Syrian, traits of, 39 , 43

use of symbols (imagery), 5 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 114 , 153 n29

See also Betrothal to Christ; Mary, Virgin; Prayer, cruciform

Ascetics

See also Ascetic practice; Asceticism

Amidan, 26 , 28 , 37 , 42 , 48 , 57 -75, 76 , 78 , 85 , 91 -92, 107 , 138 , 177 n20

exiles, 29 , 42 , 73 , 78 -79, 91 , 126 , 143 , 144

intercession of, 14 , 19 , 44

lapsed commitment of, 55 -56, 168 n60

lay, 4 -5, 6 , 13 , 33 , 43 , 88 -89, 114 , 117 , 182 n102

lower-class leaders of, 195 n7

regimen of, 15 , 49 -50

relation to laity, 19 -20, 34 , 68 , 71 , 96 -97, 166 n29, 179 n62

as teachers, 96 , 165 n66

wealthy, 127 -29, 142 -43, 193 n101, 194 n108

women, 114 , 121

See also Women

Asia, 29 , 82 , 99 , 106

Asia Minor, 33 , 35 , 129 , 131 , 132

Athanasius of Alexandria, 14 , 24

Augustine of Hippo, 188 n8