Index
A
Abbi, 70
Abraham (abbot of Mar John Urtaya), 58
Abraham (successor of abbot Abraham), 59
Abraham and Addai (monks), 32 , 48 -49
Abraham bar Kaili (bishop of Amida), 30 , 62 -63, 71 , 72 , 73 , 78 , 171 n42, 174 n69, 177 n20
Abraham of Kalesh (stylite), 28 , 32 , 50 -51, 162 n21
Abraham the Presbyter, 33
Abraham the Recluse, 32 , 47 , 49
Acacian schism, 137
Adam and Eve, 6
See also Eve
Addai the Chorepiscopus, 32 , 46 -47
See also Satan
Agathias, 31
Alexandria, 14 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 127 , 136 , 177 n27, 177 n31
See also Egypt
Alexius the Man of God, 3 , 15 , 18 -21, 158 n120
Amida (Diyar Bekir), 26 -27, 28 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 44 , 53 , 54 , 56 , 57 -75, 76 , 84 , 93 , 123 , 146 , 173 n62
See also Ascetics, Amidan
invaded by Persia, 57 , 59 -61, 63 , 64 , 65 , 169 n13, 173 n50, 173 n51
plague of madness, 64 -65, 171 -72n44, 172 n47, 172 n48, 173 n50, 173 n51, 173 n61
Amidan monasteries, 32 , 33 , 35 , 48 , 50 , 55 , 67 , 69 -72, 102
Amidan monks, expulsion of, 67 -68, 88 , 174 n70
Anastasius I (emperor), 23 , 60 , 80 , 98 , 137 -38, 185 n19
Anthimus of Constantinople, 88 , 178 n45, 182 n91, 182 n93
Antioch, xv , 15 , 18 , 23 , 62 , 104 , 136
Antony of Egypt, 9 , 14 , 17 , 24 , 38 , 156 n85
Ar'a Rabtha (monastery), 28 , 29 , 51
Arianism, 2 , 12 , 13 , 55 , 101
Armenia (Armenians), 2 , 41 , 102 , 106 , 165 n73
Ascetic practice
See also Asceticism; Ascetics
anchorites (solitaries), xv , 12 , 14 , 15 , 32 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 58 , 66 , 72 , 77 , 91 -93, 96 , 100 , 114 , 122 , 128 , 130 , 136 , 139 , 196 n29
effects of persecution on, 68 -71, 84 , 100 , 123 , 124 , 142
as public service
in Cyril of Scythopolis, 136 -37, 138 , 139
in John of Ephesus, 44 -46, 47 -49, 56 , 72 , 86 , 89 , 90 , 123 , 144
See also Asceticism, role in society
Asceticism
See also Ascetic practice; Ascetics; Monophysites; Service
definition of John of Ephesus, 46 , 49 , 52 -53, 95 , 99 -100, 103
development of, 49
See also Antony of Egypt; Egypt, Amidan ascetics in; Palladius
extreme, 17 , 45 , 46 , 54 , 70 , 122 , 127 , 158 n113
martyrdom and, 55
Palestinian, 15
pillar standing, 10 , 15 -19, 28 , 31 , 32 , 44 -45, 50 -51, 68 , 72 , 107 , 157 n101
See also Abraham of Kalesh; Daniel the Stylite; Maro the Stylite; Simeon the Stylite the Elder; Simeon the Stylite the Younger; Z'ura
pillar standing, women, 114 , 191 n38
role in society, 13 -21, 49 , 52 , 65 , 66 -67, 69 -71, 135 , 139
See also Ascetic practice, as public service; Service (good works)
Syrian, xii , xvi , 4 -8, 9 , 11 , 13 -21, 31 , 52 , 97 , 156 n86, 168 n3
contrast with Egyptian and Palestinian, 14 -15
development of, xvi , 4 -8, 52 , 154 n45, 168 n2, 168 n3
tradition of, 36 , 52 , 66 -67, 69 , 97
use of symbols (imagery), 5 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 114 , 153 n29
See also Betrothal to Christ; Mary, Virgin; Prayer, cruciform
Ascetics
See also Ascetic practice; Asceticism
Amidan, 26 , 28 , 37 , 42 , 48 , 57 -75, 76 , 78 , 85 , 91 -92, 107 , 138 , 177 n20
exiles, 29 , 42 , 73 , 78 -79, 91 , 126 , 143 , 144
lapsed commitment of, 55 -56, 168 n60
lay, 4 -5, 6 , 13 , 33 , 43 , 88 -89, 114 , 117 , 182 n102
lower-class leaders of, 195 n7
relation to laity, 19 -20, 34 , 68 , 71 , 96 -97, 166 n29, 179 n62
wealthy, 127 -29, 142 -43, 193 n101, 194 n108
See also Women
Asia Minor, 33 , 35 , 129 , 131 , 132
Athanasius of Alexandria, 14 , 24
Augustine of Hippo, 188 n8
B
Bardaisan of Edessa, 2 , 97 , 153 n27, 185 n14
Basil of Caesarea, 14 , 101 , 157 n97, 186 n32, 186 n41, 188 n8, 195 n7, 196 n14
Basiliscus, 85
Bassian, 33
Betrothal to Christ (God), 11 , 12 , 154 n48
See also Christ, as the Heavenly Bridegroom
Bible. See Gospels; New Testament; Old Testament
Syrian understanding of, 4 , 5
Bilingualism, 3 , 40 -42, 164 n63
Bnay and bnat qyama . See Covenanters
Bthula, 7
Byzantine Empire, xi , xv , 3 , 21 , 25 , 34 , 56 , 95
See also Constantinople religious conflict in, 84
C
Caesaria the Patrician, 33 , 127 -30, 193 n100
Cappadocia, Cappadocians, 14 , 15 , 47 , 102 , 106
Cappadocian Fathers, 186 n32, 195 n7
See also Basil of Caesarea; Gregory of Nazianzus; Gregory of Nyssa
Cappadocian monasteries, 56
of women, 109 , 113 , 116 , 117 , 154 n48
Chalcedon, Council Of (A. D. 451), xvi , 21 -23, 25 , 36 , 82 , 87 , 101 , 105 , 107 , 138 , 153 n20, 178 n47, 186 n33
Chalcedonian faith
Justinian and, 80 -83
of Moschus, 141
Chalcedonian theology, development of, 159 n133
Chalcedonians, 21 -25, 29 , 40 , 45 , 46 , 55 ,
62 -64, 67 , 72 , 74 , 77 , 82 -83, 104 , 135 , 144
from Egypt, 176 n16
government and, xi , xii , 29 , 30 , 40 , 61 , 79 , 82 -83, 170 n27
Charrhae, 64
See also Celibacy
Christ, 5 , 6 , 8 -9, 14 , 17 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 39 , 44 , 108 , 110 , 111 , 113 , 119 , 121 , 176 n14
as the Heavenly Bridgegroom, 5 , 7 , 11
See also Betrothal to Christ
Christianity
See also Asceticism; Chalcedonians; Monophysites
asceticism and, 10 -11
Eastern and Western, 7 , 10 , 22
Greco-Latin, 2 , 4 , 9 , 111 , 112 , 114 , 116
in Persia, 9 , 97 -98, 159 n126, 185 n14, 185 n19
Syriac, feminine symbols in, 110 -14
Syrian, 1 , 4 -8, 12 , 13 , 17 , 77 , 152 n10
See also Asceticism, Syrian
Christology, 3 , 21 -22, 24 , 145
Antiochene, 21 -22
Constantina. See Tella
Constantine I, 83
Constantinople (Byzantium), xv , 3 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 34 , 59 , 78 , 106 , 137 -38, 146 , 160 n139, 176 n11, 177 n31, 179 n63
See also Byzantine Empire; John of Ephesus, in Constantinople; Monophysites, in Constantinople
Council of (A.D. 381), 25
General Synod (Council of A.D. 553), 23 , 36 , 83
Constantius, 57
Cosmas and Damian, 3 , 180 n71
Covenanters (Sons and Daughters of the Covenant), 6 , 11 , 19 , 96 , 97 , 113
Cyril of Alexandria, 14 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 -25, 36 , 82 , 168 n59
Cyril of Scythopolis, 134 -40, 141 , 142 , 144 , 195 n1, 195 n4, 196 n28, 196 n29
Cyrus (bishop in Persia), 187 n56
D
Daniel (archimandrite), 33
Daniel the Stylite, 38 , 52 , 85 , 158 n121
Decius (emperor), 9
Diatessaron, 5
Dionysius of Tell-Mahre (pseudo-), 30
Dioscurus, 24
Dualism, 5 , 7 -8, 12 , 17 , 185 n14
E
Edessa, 1 , 2 , 9 , 10 , 13 , 15 , 18 , 34 , 64 , 105 , 151 n5, 173 n56
Edessenes (monastery of the), 58 , 71
Egypt, 2 , 14 -15, 24 , 42 , 56 , 76 -80, 136 , 194 n101, 195 n7
See also Alexandria; Antony of Egypt
Amidan ascetics in, 42 , 78 -79, 91
Chalcedonians from, 176 n16
Monophysite exiles in, 24 , 33 , 76 -80, 81 , 84 , 107 , 124 -25, 128 , 175 n2, 175 n3
persecution of Monophysites in, 85 , 103 , 104
Elias (patriarch of Jerusalem), 137 , 165 n73
Elijah and Theodore (traders), 33 , 47 -48, 120
Emmelia, 188 n8
Ephesus, 29
Council of (A.D. 431), 25
Second Council of (Robber Synod) (A.D. 449), 36
Ephrem of Antioch (patriarch), 30 , 62 -63, 68 , 103 , 161 n12, 170 -71n33, 171 n38, 171 n39, 174 n69, 174 n72, 175 n99
Ephrem Syrus, 2 , 3 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 41 , 111 , 112 , 152 n9, 152 n17, 153 n29, 156 n83, 156 n85, 157 n91
Epiphanius of Salamis, 119
Euphemia and the Goth, 3
Euphemia of Amida, 32 , 33 , 38 -39, 45 , 73 -75, 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 130 , 132 , 143 , 177 n25, 193 n81
Eusebius of Caesarea, 10 , 41 , 151 n5, 179 n61
Euthymius, 137 , 138 , 139 , 196 n25
Eutychianism, 22
Evagrianism, 36
Evagrius Scholasticus, 25 , 31 , 80 , 177 n35
Exorcism (exorcists), 32 , 39 , 48 , 50 , 64 , 66 , 117 -18, 137 , 142
F
Famine, 59 , 60 , 63 , 71 , 171 n43
G
Goddesses, 109 -10, 189 n17, 191 n36
Gospels, 5 , 13 , 39 , 44 , 70
Greek language, 1 , 2 -4, 40 -42
See also Hellenism
Greek literature, xii , xvii , 17 , 31 , 34 -35, 151 n8, 155 n57, 158 n112, 183 n110
Syriac translations of, 35 -36, 153 n23, 153 n24
Gregory of Nazianzus, 14 , 101 , 157 n97, 186 n32
Gregory of Nyssa, 188 n8
Gregory of Tours, 165 n78
H
Habib (Edessan martyr), 9 , 10
Habib (holy man), 32 , 34 , 43 -44, 45 , 46 , 52 , 88
Hagiography, xiv , xvii , 3 , 15 , 34 , 37 -41, 50 , 115 , 119 , 134 - 35 , 145 , 162 n25, 198 n58
See also John of Ephesus, as hagiographer; John of Ephesus, Lives of the Eastern Saints
definition of, xiv , xvii , 146
models for, 13
standard formulae and themes of, xiv , 3 , 38 -39, 116 , 121 , 141 , 143 , 144 , 164 n60, 194 n101, 195 n4, 197 n50
women in, 115 , 116 , 121 , 130 -33, 139
Harith bar Gabala, 105
Healings, 39 , 44 , 50 , 52 , 56
Hellenism, 2 -4, 16 , 34 , 112 , 152 n10, 162 n17
See also Greek language; Greek literature
Henoticon, 162 n17
Hephthalitae, 61 , 66 , 170 n24
Heresies, 2 , 16 , 22 , 29 , 36 , 55 , 90 , 99 , 112 , 137 -38, 167 n51, 191 n36
See also Arianism; Gnosticism; Manicheans; Marcionism; Montanism; Nestorianism
hnana 51
Holy fools, 34 , 39 , 65 , 91 -93, 162 n21, 183 n110, 183 n111, 183 n113
See also Simeon Salos
Holy Spirit, 110 , 112 , 187 n41
Hormisdas (palace), 87 , 90 , 118 , 181 n87
Hosea, 17
I
ihidaya ("single one"), 7 -8
Ingila (Ingilene), 28
Intercession, of ascetics, 14 , 19 , 44
Isaac (monk), 33
J
Jacob (Amidan monk), 48 -49, 118
Jacob (anchorite), 66
Jacob Burd'aya, 29 , 33 , 64 , 103 , 105 -6, 107 , 131 , 187 n41, 188 n 63, 188 n65
Jacob of Nisibis, 12 -13, 14 , 36 , 58
Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church, 106 , 131
See also Syrian Orthodoxy
Jeremiah, 17
Jerome, 196 n29
Jerusalem, xv , 74 , 77 , 106 , 115 , 122 , 136 , 137 , 141 , 196 n29
See also Christ
Jews, Judaism, 1 , 2 , 5 , 11 , 90 , 110 , 146 , 167 n51
persecution by Christians, 53 -54
John Moschus, 31 , 35 , 118 , 130 -31, 134 -35, 140 -42, 144
John of Beith-Aphthonia, 82
John of Ephesus (John of Asia), xi , 28 -31, 35 -42, 43 -56, 58 , 60 , 64 , 68 , 69 , 73 , 76 , 78 , 89 , 139
ascetic views of, 32 , 34 , 55 -56, 76 , 97 , 99 -100, 107 , 108 , 142 , 144
consecration as bishop, 106 , 107
in Constantinople, xi , 29 -30, 32 , 35 , 76 , 93 , 161 n12, 178 n46
early life, 28 -29, 32 , 35 , 36 , 51 , 52 , 107
Ecclesiastical History , xi , xiv -xvii, 30 -31, 34 , 37 , 40 , 63 , 64 , 99 , 103
content of, 30
as hagiographer, xv , 37 -42, 43 , 134 , 145 -46, 188 n63
hagiographic style of, 37 -40, 142 , 164 n60
hagiographic(al) purpose of, 37 , 40 -41, 54 , 65 , 84 , 91 , 94 , 103 , 132 , 134 -35, 136 , 141 , 145 -46
Justinian and Theodora and, 26 , 31 , 81 -82, 118 , 178 n46, 179 n50, 181 n77
Lives of the Eastern Saints , xi , 4 , 26 , 30 -37, 40 , 42 , 57 , 81 , 93 , 95 , 99 , 100 , 103 , 107
compared to Cyril's Lives of Palestinian Saints , 134 , 135 -37, 139 , 141 , 142 , 144
compared to Moschus' Pratum spirituale , 35 , 134 , 141 , 142
compared to Palladius' and Theodoret's Lives , 35 , 49 , 54 -56, 130
contents, 31 -34, 39 , 70 , 76 , 78 , 79 , 83 , 94 , 103 , 106
purpose, 40 -41, 91 , 132 , 134 , 143 , 144 , 145 -46
women in, 108 , 116 -20, 122 , 126 , 132
missions, 29 , 33 , 35 , 82 , 99 , 129 , 131 , 178 n46
modern scholarship and, xii , xiv
ordination of, 29 , 102 , 107 , 186 n35
paganism and, 29 , 98 -99, 185 n23
view of Monophysites in Constantinople, 84 -86, 87 , 90
view of solitary practice, 91 -93, 139
view of women, 116 -17, 119 -20, 121 -32
John of Hephaestopolis, 33 , 103 -4, 105 , 107 , 131
John of Tella, 29 , 33 , 34 , 37 , 70 , 82 , 100 -5, 106 , 107 , 119 , 131 , 176 n4, 185 n27, 187 n41
John Scholasticus, 30
John the Almsgiver, 79
John the Solitary, 3 , 152 n17
"Joshua the Stylite," 31 , 60 , 169 n11
Judaism. See Jews
Julian of Halicarnassus, 176 n14, 179 n50
Julian Saba, 12 -13, 14 , 36 , 58
Justin I 23 -24, 40 , 61 , 67 , 162 n23, 170 n27
Justin II, 31 , 83 , 91 , 161 n101, 78 n42, 179 n60, 183 n109
Justinian, 23 , 26 , 27 , 63 , 67 , 80 , 85 , 86 , 89 , 138 , 141 , 159 n138, 160 n146, 178 n41, 178 n45, 178 n46, 179 n50
Chalcedonian faith of, 22 -24, 25 , 29 , 36 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 83 , 104
Monophysites and, 63 , 80 -83, 87 , 90 , 99
and pagans, 185 n23
K
Kashish, 33
L
Latin language and literature, 22 , 41 , 165 n78
Leontius (monk), 33
Leontius of Byzantium, 196 n28
Lycaonia, 106
M
Macrina, 188 n8
Madness, plague of, 64 -65, 171 -72n44, 172 n47, 172 n48, 173 n50, 173 n51, 173 n61
Mahya, 191 n44
Maiouma, 78
Maipherqat (Martyropolis), 64
Malalas, 162 n17
Man of God (Alexius), 15 , 18 -21, 34
Mani (Manicheans), 5 , 7 , 97 , 99 , 178 n46, 185 n14
Mar John Urtaya (monastery), 29 , 32 , 35 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 69
Mar John Urtaya, 58
Mar Menas, 176 n4
Marcion (Marcionism), 2 , 5 , 7 , 97 , 113 , 185 n14, 191 n36
Marde, 102
Mare (bishop of Amida), 78 -79, 165 n66
Mare the Solitary, 33 , 85 -86, 87 , 138 , 181 n77
Mari, 33
Maria (daughter of Euphemia), 73 -74, 123
Maria (wife of Thomas the Armenian), 120
Maro the Stylite, 28 -29, 32 , 33 , 39 , 50 -52, 65 -66, 72 , 107 , 118 , 122
Maronites, 190 n28
Marriage
spiritual, 6 , 11 , 91 , 113 , 114 , 129
women and, 113 , 117 , 126 , 129
Martyrdom, 9 -10, 12 , 34 , 54 -55, 67 , 74 , 100 , 103 , 109 , 115 , 191 n44
salvation and, 115
Martyrius of Jerusalem, 137
Mary, Virgin, 111 , 112 , 114 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 131 , 132 , 189 n16
Mary the Anchorite, 33 , 121 , 125 -126, 128 , 130
Mary the Pilgrim (sister of Euphemia), 32 , 122 -23, 124 , 125 , 126 , 128 , 130 , 177 n25
Melania the Elder, 127 , 194 n103, 194 n108, 196 n29
Melania the Younger, 127
Meltha, 112
Mendis, 77 , 79 , 124 , 176 n5
Mesopotamia, xi , xv , 12 , 28 , 32 , 41 , 42 , 57 , 77 , 157 n99
See also Amida ascetics in, 31 , 33 , 76
Chalcedonians in, 63
persecutions of Monophysites, 24 , 61 , 78 , 174 n65
Miracles, 17 , 51 , 56 , 122 , 123 , 137 , 143 -44
Mishael, 182 n102
Mitylene, 106
Monasteries, 15 , 29 , 56 , 58 , 67 , 68 , 71 , 78 , 157 n93, 175 n99
See also Amidan monasteries
Syriac, library, 165 n66
Monasticism, 7 , 13 -14, 49 -50, 58 , 70 , 136
development of, 11 , 15 -16, 19 -20, 52 -53
training of novices, 35 , 41 , 49 , 69 -70
Monica, 188 n8
Monophysite bishops, 33 , 76 , 81 , 88 , 100 -101, 104 , 174 n74
Monophysite exiles, 76 , 88 , 100 , 107 , 124 -25, 138 , 144
See also Ascetics, Amidan exiles; Egypt, Monophysite exiles in
Monophysite missions, 94 -100, 132 , 178 n47, 184 n1
See also John of Ephesus, missions
Monophysite movement, development of, 21 -25, 188 n66
Monophysite theology, development of, 159 n133
Monophysites, xi , xv , xvi , 4 , 21 -25, 38 , 68 , 70 , 77 -78, 91 , 100 , 117 , 137 , 141 , 163 n37
communion act, 182 n93
in Constantinople (Byzantium), 29 , 30 , 33 , 45 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 83 -91, 92 -93, 103 , 104 , 107 , 127 , 169 n17, 181 n87, 182 n102, 183 n109
disputes among, xi , 30 , 31 , 179 n60
See also Egypt, Monophysite exiles in
leadership of, 73 , 88 , 103 , 105 -6, 107 , 146
meetings with Chalcedonians, 82 -83, 101
ordination of, 29 , 101 -7, 132
persecutions of, xii , xvi , 24 , 30 , 36 , 40 , 45 , 46 , 54 , 56 , 74 , 103 , 123
beginning, 29 , 31 , 67 -68, 162 n23
in Constantinople, 91
effects of, 34 , 64 , 78 , 84 , 86 -87, 100 , 184 n1, 186 -87n41
in Mesopotamia, 61 -65, 174 n65
protected by Theodora, 29 , 80 -84, 86 -87, 90 , 98 , 104 , 177 n37, 181 n82, 182 n93
as separate church, xv , 100 , 106 -7, 174 n74
Montanists (Montanism), 29 , 82 , 99 , 191 n36
N
Nestorians (Nestorianism) (Church of the East), 2 , 22 , 41 , 97 -98, 138 , 184 n1, 185 n19, 186 n31, 190 n28
Nestorius, 21
New Testament, 5 , 6 , 108 , 109 , 111 , 113 , 129
Nicea, Council of (A.D. 325), 12 , 21 -22, 25 , 83
Nisibis, 2 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 98 , 115
O
Odes of Solomon , 8 -9, 17 , 110 -11, 112 , 151 n8, 154 n47
Old Testament, 5 , 16 , 45 , 46 , 110 , 116
Ordination, 100 -107, 132 , 186 n35, 186 n41, 187 n56
Origenists (Origenism), 136 , 138 , 141
Olympias, 127
P
Pachomius, 154 n45
Pagans (paganism), 1 , 2 , 29 , 82 , 90 , 95 -96, 98 -99, 110 , 115 , 167 n51, 185 n23
Palestine, 15 , 77 , 106 , 134 -38, 140 , 141 , 197 n51
Palladius, 31 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 54 -56, 130
Parables, marriage feast, 5 -6
Paul, apostle, 5 , 109 , 111 , 113 , 183 n110
Paul of Antioch (monk), 34 , 99
Paul the Anchorite, 32 , 66 , 143
Paul "the Black" of Antioch (patriarch), 182 n91
Paul "the Jew" (patriarch), 61 -62, 170 n31, 174 n65, 177 n20
Pelagia, 3 , 115 -16, 126 , 152 n19, 191 n45, 192 n48
Persecution, 9 , 37 , 77 , 174 n70, 175 n99, 176 n4, 177 n29, 185 n19
See also Monophysites, persecutions of
of Christians in Najran, 184 n13
of Nestorians, 2
Persia, 1 , 33 , 41 , 57 , 95 , 97 , 98 , 169 n17, 170 n21
Christianity in, 9 , 97 -98, 159 n126, 185 n14, 185 n19
invasion of Amida, 57 , 59 -61, 63 , 64 , 65 , 169 n13, 173 n50, 173 n51
siege of Edessa, 173 n56
siege of Nisibis, 12
wars, xi , 23 , 26 , 169 n11, 169 n17, 187 n56
Peter and Photius, 33
Peter of Jerusalem (patriarch), 138
Peter the Iberian, 78 , 186 n41
Philoxenus of Mabbog, 102 , 105
Piacenza Pilgrim, 192 n48
Pilgrims, 15 -16, 74 , 77 , 122 , 192 n48
See also Mary the Pilgrim
Plague, Great Bubonic, 25 , 30 , 31 , 63 , 86 , 160 n145, 171 n43
Poplars (monastery), 67 , 68 , 175 n99
Prayer, 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 19
Syrian tradition, 152 n17
Procopius, 26 , 31 , 61 , 65 , 66 , 80 , 84 , 85 , 160 n146, 177 n32, 177 n35, 178 n43, 180 n71
Protevangelion of James , 111 , 112 , 190 n23, 190 n24
Q
Qaddishe . See Marriage, spiritual
Qal'at Sim'an, 18
Qumran, 11
Quqites, 153 n27
R
See also Asceticism
See also Byzantine Empire
war with Persia, 169 n17, 169 n21
Romanos Melodos, 3
Romanus, 33
Rufinus, 196 n29
S
Sabas, 137 , 138 , 139 , 165 n73, 196 n25
belief and, 22
Satan, 10 , 17 , 119 , 120 , 132 , 141
See also Adversary
Sergius (cellmate of Jacob), 105
Sergius (disciple of Simeon), 32 , 53 -54, 72 -73
Sergius (archimandrite), 33
Sergius and Bacchus, 3 , 181 n87
Sergius of Antioch, 182 n91
Service (good works), 11 , 12 , 13 , 18 -19, 20 , 33 , 38 , 42 , 73 -74, 142
See also Ascetic practice, as public service
Severus of Antioch, 37 , 101 -2, 105 , 106 , 127 , 137 -38, 160 n139, 176 n11, 176 n13, 176 n14, 176 n16, 182 n91, 182 n93, 185 n23, 186 n32
in Antioch, 23 , 24 , 179 n51, 182 n102
banishment and exile, 61 , 63 , 80 , 88 , 182 n95
early life, 185 n23
Justinian and, 82 -83
writings of, 153 n23
Shapur II, 9
Simeon of the Olives, 157 n93
Simeon Salos, 183 n110
See also Holy fools
Simeon the Mountaineer, 32 , 33 , 66 , 95 -97, 98 , 99 , 107
Simeon the Persian Debater, 33 , 97 , 99 , 176 n4
Simeon the Scribe, 33
Simeon the Stylite the Elder (Simeon Stylites), 10 , 15 -19, 20 , 21 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 45 , 50 , 52 , 54 , 65 , 137 , 157 n100
Simeon the Stylite the Younger, 158 n121
Solitaries. See Ascetic practice, anchorites
Stephen (deacon, companion of Thomas), 32 , 78 -79, 86 -87, 91
Stylites. See Asceticism, pillar standing
Susan, 33 , 76 -77, 79 , 80 , 107 , 121 , 124 -25, 126 , 128 -29, 130 , 132 , 139 -40
Sycae (monastery), 29 , 85 , 86 , 92
Sycamores (monastery), 67 , 71
Syria, 1 , 14 , 15 , 106 , 136 , 141
Syriac language, xi , xii , 1 -4, 7 , 40 , 151 n2
Greek language and, 2 -4, 40 -42, 112
Syriac literature, xii , xvii , 1 , 2 , 3 , 16 -17, 34 , 36 , 151 n8, 152 n10, 152 n17, 157 n106, 158 n116, 159 n128, 163 n32, 183 n110, 190 n24, 191 n43, 191 n45
Syrian Goddess, 109 -10, 189 n12, 189 n17
Syrian Orient. See Amida; Edessa; Mesopotamia; Nisibis; Osrhoene; Persia; Syria
Syrian Orthodoxy (Jacobites), 4 , 106 , 131 , 178 n38, 190 n28
T
Tatian, 5
Tella (Constantina), 64 , 91 , 100 , 122 , 188 n63
Tertullian, 118
Theodora (empress), 27 , 78 -79, 85 , 178 n40, 178 n41, 178 n43, 178 n45, 196 n25
baptism, 180 n66
Monophysite faith of, 29 , 80 -81
protects Monophysites, 29 , 67 , 80 -84, 86 -87, 88 , 90 , 98 , 104 , 105 , 118 , 177 n37, 181 n82, 182 n93
Theodore (brother of Elijah), 47 -48
Theodore of Arabia, 33 , 105 -6, 187 n41
Theodore of Sykeon, 167 n41
Theodore the Castrensis , 33 , 89 -90
Theodoret of Cyrrhus, 36
compared to John of Ephesus, 38 , 40 , 46 , 49 , 54 -56, 130 -31
Historia religiosa , 16 -17, 31 , 34 , 55 , 114 , 156 n83, 167 -68n59
Theodosius (patriarch of Alexandria), 30 , 85 , 88 , 103 , 104 , 176 n11, 178 n45, 182 n91, 182 n93
Thomas (bishop of Amida), 78
Thomas (deacon, companion of Stephen), 32 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 91
Thomas of Damascus, 33
Thomas the Armenian, 32 , 78 , 120 , 128 , 142 -43
Thrace, 104
Three Chapters controversy, 36 , 83
Timothy IV 78
Tome of Pope Leo, 22 , 159 n128
Tralles, 104
Transvestite saints, 116 , 126 , 152 n19, 192 n48
Tribunus, 33 , 88 -89, 90 , 118 , 120 , 126
Trishagion riots, 179 n62
Tur Abdin, 157 n93
W
Women, xv , 33 , 34 , 37 , 38 , 77 , 108 -33, 141 , 188 n9, 189 n14
See also Celibacy, of women; early Christianity and, 108 -9
as missionaries, and martyrs, 109 , 131 , 188 n8
monks and, 114 , 139 , 197 n31
as source of evil, 119 -20, 130
as spiritual leaders, 114 , 132 -33, 191 n36
status in Syrian society, 113 , 114
as transvestite saints, 116 , 126 , 152 n19
view of Cyril of Scythopolis, 139
weakness of, 194 n120
Z
Z'ura, 32 , 33 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 66 , 84 -85, 86 , 87 , 88 -89, 107 , 138 , 180 n66, 180 n71, 181 n73
Zachariah Rhetor (pseudo-), 31 , 42 , 69 , 185 n23
Zacharias, 70
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