Eight— The Jew As Witch: Displaced Aggression and the Myth of the Santo Niño de La Guardia
1. Brian Levak, The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe (New York: Long-man, 1987), 126. Women who attempt to make themselves sexually attractive are called "ministers of the devil" in Pedro Galindo, Parte segunda del directorio de penitentes y practica de una buena y prudente confesion (Madrid: Antonio de Zafra, 1686), 518.
2. Gaspar Navarro, Tribunal de la supersticion ladina (Huesca: Pedro Bluson, 1631) ffs. 52-55v, 56v-57.
3. Levak, The Witch-Hunt, 180.
4. Gustav Henningsen, The Witches' Advocate: Basque Witchcraft and the Spanish Inquisition (Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1980), 62-70, 108-117, 217-220.
5. Leon Poliakov, The History of Anti-Semitism, 4 vols. (New York: The Vanguard Press, 1973), 2:151.
6. Ibid., 154.
5. Leon Poliakov, The History of Anti-Semitism, 4 vols. (New York: The Vanguard Press, 1973), 2:151.
6. Ibid., 154.
7. Henry Charles Lea, A History of the Inquisition of Spain, 4 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1906), 1:149-150.
8. Fidel Fita, "La verdad sobre el martirio del santo niño de la Guardia, o sea el proceso y quema (16 noviembre 1491) del judio Juce Franco en Avila," Boletin de la Real Academia de la Historia, XI (julio-setiembre, 1887): 135.
9. Joshua Trachtenberg, The Devil and the Jews (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1983), 130-131.
10. Guiseppe Divina, Storia del beato Simone de Trento, 2 vols. (Trento: Artigianelli, 1902), 1:286-287.
11. Ibid., 302.
10. Guiseppe Divina, Storia del beato Simone de Trento, 2 vols. (Trento: Artigianelli, 1902), 1:286-287.
11. Ibid., 302.
12. Trachtenberg, The Devil, 151; Divina, Storia, 301.
13. Divina, Storia, 302-303.
14. Ibid., 231-233.
15. Ibid., 234.
16. Ibid., 372, 380.
13. Divina, Storia, 302-303.
14. Ibid., 231-233.
15. Ibid., 234.
16. Ibid., 372, 380.
13. Divina, Storia, 302-303.
14. Ibid., 231-233.
15. Ibid., 234.
16. Ibid., 372, 380.
13. Divina, Storia, 302-303.
14. Ibid., 231-233.
15. Ibid., 234.
16. Ibid., 372, 380.
17. Fray Juan López, Tercera parte de la historia general del Santo Domingo y de su orden de predicadores (Valladolid: Francisco Fernández de Córdoba, 1613), 276-277. break
18. Fita, "La verdad," 52.
19. Ibid., 65.
20. Ibid., 55.
21. Ibid., 104.
18. Fita, "La verdad," 52.
19. Ibid., 65.
20. Ibid., 55.
21. Ibid., 104.
18. Fita, "La verdad," 52.
19. Ibid., 65.
20. Ibid., 55.
21. Ibid., 104.
18. Fita, "La verdad," 52.
19. Ibid., 65.
20. Ibid., 55.
21. Ibid., 104.
22. Trachtenberg, The Devil, 145.
23. Fita, "La verdad," 139.
24. Ibid., 141.
23. Fita, "La verdad," 139.
24. Ibid., 141.
25. Sebastián de Nieva Calvo, El niño inocente; hijo de Toledo y martyr en La Guardia (Toledo: Juan Ruiz de Pareda, 1628), 78-79, 83v.
26. Ibid., 126v-128.
25. Sebastián de Nieva Calvo, El niño inocente; hijo de Toledo y martyr en La Guardia (Toledo: Juan Ruiz de Pareda, 1628), 78-79, 83v.
26. Ibid., 126v-128.
27. Antonio de Guzmán, Historia del inocente trinatario el Santo Niño de la Guardia (Madrid: Diego López Abad, 1720), 186-188.
28. Fray Francisco de Torrejoncillo, Centenella contra judios, Fray Diego Gavilán Vela, trans. (Madrid: Vda. Melchor Alegre, 1680), 132.
29. Henry Kamen, Inquisition and Society in Spain (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985), 118-120.
30. James Boyajain, Portuguese Bankers at the Court of Spain 1626-1650 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1983), 118.
31. Geoffrey Parker, Philip II (London: Hutchinson, 1978), 193.
32. Kamen, Inquisition and Society, 211.
33. Ibid., 213-214.
32. Kamen, Inquisition and Society, 211.
33. Ibid., 213-214.
34. Archivo Histórico Nacional, Inquisition, 19 June 1588, libro 937, 74-75v.
35. Leon Poliakov, The History of Anti-Semitism From the Time of Christ to the Court Jews, Richard Howard, trans. (New York: The Vanguard Press, 1976), 174.
36. Ibid., 189.
35. Leon Poliakov, The History of Anti-Semitism From the Time of Christ to the Court Jews, Richard Howard, trans. (New York: The Vanguard Press, 1976), 174.
36. Ibid., 189.
37. H. C. Erik Midelfort, Witch Hunting in Southwestern Germany, 1562-1684 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972). break