1. Preface to A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean . . . for Making Discoveries in the Northern Hemisphere (London, 1784).

2. Hans-Joachim Possin, Reisen und Literatur (Tübingen, 1972), p. 258; see also p. 236.

3. Sondra Rosenberg, ''Travel Literature and the Picaresque Novel," Enlightenment Essays 2 (1971): 40.

4. Ibid., p. 46.

3. Sondra Rosenberg, ''Travel Literature and the Picaresque Novel," Enlightenment Essays 2 (1971): 40.

4. Ibid., p. 46.

5. Charles L. Batten, Jr., Pleasurable Instruction: Form and Convention in Eighteenth-Century Travel Literature (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1978).

6. See, for example, "Preface by the Editor," Travels of Carl Philipp Moritz in England in 1782 , introduction by P. E. Matheson (London, 1926), p. 3.

7. See, for example, J. H. Plumb, England in the Eighteenth Century (Baltimore, 1963), p. 30; Percy G. Adams, Travelers and Travel Liars: 1660-1800 (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1962), passim.

8. Chevalier Dennis de Coetlogon, "Travelling," An Universal History of Arts and Sciences (London, 1795), II, no pagination.

9. See Catalogue of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum , IV, 798-799.

10. See William Combe, Dr. Syntax's Tour in Search of the Picturesque (London, 1812), plate facing p. 16.

11. Figure 4.2 is titled "The Apotheosis of Captain Cook. From a Design of P. J. De Loutherbourg. The View of Karakakooa Bay is from a Drawing by John Webber, R.A. (the last he made) in the collection of Mr. G. Baker, 20 January 1794."

12. James Boswell, Boswell: The Ominous Years, 1774-1776 , edited by Charles Ryskamp and Frederick A. Pottle (New York, 1963), p. 341.

13. He tells us he bought his "most curious staff in a shop in Cheap-side: a very handsome vine with the root uppermost, and upon it a bird, very well carved"; see James Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife: 1766-1769 , edited by Frank Brady and Frederick A. Pottle (New York, 1956), p. 274.

14. London Magazine 38 (Sept. 1769): 455.

15. At the beginning of his journey, Maupertuis does describe two Lapp girls who showed him how to use smoke as a defense from flies; see Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, Figure of the Earth, Determined from Observations Made by Order of the French King, at the Polar Circle (Lon-

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don, 1738), p. 43. Perhaps Maupertuis expected his readers to associate these girls with the two he brought with him.

16. Ibid., p. 103.

15. At the beginning of his journey, Maupertuis does describe two Lapp girls who showed him how to use smoke as a defense from flies; see Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, Figure of the Earth, Determined from Observations Made by Order of the French King, at the Polar Circle (Lon-

16. Ibid., p. 103.

17. Quoted in Preserved Smith, The Enlightenment: 1687-1776 (New York, 1962), p. 91.

18. Ibid., p. 126.

17. Quoted in Preserved Smith, The Enlightenment: 1687-1776 (New York, 1962), p. 91.

18. Ibid., p. 126.

19. Prince Giolo Son of the King of Moangis or Gilolo: Lying Under the Aequator in Long. of 152 Deg. 30 Min. a Fruitful Island Abounding with Rich Spices and Other Valuable Commodities (London, 1692?). Giolo is also described in Thomas Hyde, An Account of the Famous Prince Giolo (London, 1692), and he is alluded to in William Congreve, Love for Love (1695), act III.

20. Quoted by Ernst Cassirer, The Philosophy of the Enlightenment , translated by Fritz C. A. Koelln and James P. Pettegrove (Boston, 1951), p. 3.

21. James Keir, Dictionary of Chemistry (1789), quoted in W. H. G. Armytage, "The Technological Imperative," The Eighteenth Century: Europe in the Age of the Enlightenment (New York, 1969), p. 96.

22. De Coetlogon, "Travelling."

23. George Rousseau, "Science and the Discovery of the Imagination in Enlightened England," Eighteenth-Century Studies 3 (1969): 109.

24. The Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth , 2nd ed., edited by Ernest de Selincourt (Oxford, 1967), I, 212.

25. Thomas Sprat, History of the Royal-Society of London, for the Improving of Natural Knowledge (London, 1667), p. 155. To show the society's "way of Inquiring, and giving Rules for direction," Sprat produces "a few Instances . . . from whose exactness it may be ghess'd [ sic ], how all the rest are performed" (p. 157). These instances include "Answers return'd by Sir Piliberto Vernatti Resident in Batavia in Java Major, to certain Inquiries sent thither by Order of the Royal Society, and recommended by Sir Robert Moray'' (pp. 158-172) and "A Relation of the Pico Teneriffe. Receiv'd from some considerable Merchants and Men Worthy of Credit, who went to the Top of it" (pp. 200-213).

24. The Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth , 2nd ed., edited by Ernest de Selincourt (Oxford, 1967), I, 212.

25. Thomas Sprat, History of the Royal-Society of London, for the Improving of Natural Knowledge (London, 1667), p. 155. To show the society's "way of Inquiring, and giving Rules for direction," Sprat produces "a few Instances . . . from whose exactness it may be ghess'd [ sic ], how all the rest are performed" (p. 157). These instances include "Answers return'd by Sir Piliberto Vernatti Resident in Batavia in Java Major, to certain Inquiries sent thither by Order of the Royal Society, and recommended by Sir Robert Moray'' (pp. 158-172) and "A Relation of the Pico Teneriffe. Receiv'd from some considerable Merchants and Men Worthy of Credit, who went to the Top of it" (pp. 200-213).

26. Ibid., p. 382.

27. "Directions for Sea-men, Bound for Far Voyages," Philosophical Transactions 1 (8) (8 Jan. 1665/1666): 140.

26. Ibid., p. 382.

27. "Directions for Sea-men, Bound for Far Voyages," Philosophical Transactions 1 (8) (8 Jan. 1665/1666): 140.

28. See, for example, Philosophical Transactions 1 (9) (12 Feb. 1665/ 1666): 147; 1 (11) (2 April 1666): 186-189; 1 (20) (17 Dec. 1666): 360-362; 2 (23) (11 March 1666/1667): 415-422. The degree to which the Royal Society's instructions had been expanded and augmented can be seen by looking at Awnsham and John Churchill, A Collection of Voyages and Travels (London, 1752), VII, lii-lviii.

29. These are appended with separate pagination at the end of John Toland, Nazarenus; or, Jewish, Gentile, and Mahometan Christianity. Containing the History of the Antient Gospel of Barnabas (London, 1718).

30. See, for example, Francesco Cordasco, ''Smollett's 'Register of the Weather,'" Notes and Queries 194 (1949): 163.

31. As an example of the declining influence exerted by classics on the sciences, the sixteenth century published eighty-nine editions of Pliny, the seventeenth century forty-three, and the eighteenth century only nineteen; see E. W. Gudgen, "Pliny's 'Historia Naturalis': The Most Popular Natural History Ever Published," Isis 6 (1924): 273ff.

32. See, for example, Victor Harris, All Coherence Gone (Chicago, 1949), p. 72.

33. Anders Sparrman, A Voyage to the Cape of Good Hope (London, 1785), I, iii-iv.

34. William Dampier, A New Voyage Round the World , introductions by Albert Gray and Percy G. Adams (New York, 1968), p. 1.

35. David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding , sec. 8, pt. 1, par. 65.

36. See note 28 above.

37. Patrick Brydone, A Tour Through Sicily and Malta (London, 1780), I, 92-93.

38. Ibid., pp. 124-126.

37. Patrick Brydone, A Tour Through Sicily and Malta (London, 1780), I, 92-93.

38. Ibid., pp. 124-126.

39. James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson (Oxford, 1934) II, 467-468; III, 356.

40. Peter Gay, The Enlightenment: An Interpretation (New York, 1969), II, 319.

41. Sir James Macintosh, The Law of Nature and Nations (1798), quoted in Gay, The Enlightenment , II, 320.

42. Boswell, Life of Johnson , V, 209.

43. See, for example, Francis Osborne, Advice to a Son , introduction by Edward Abbott Parry (London, 1896), p. 62.

44. Tobias Smollett, Travels Through France and Italy , introduction by James Morris (Fontwell, Sussex, 1969), letter VII.

45. Andrew Kippis claimed that Cook's voyages had led to "the study of human nature, in situations various, interesting and uncommon" since the people who populated the South Pacific, uninformed as they were "by science and unimproved by education . . . could not but afford many subjects of speculation to an inquisitive and philosophical mind"; see Andrew Kippis, The Life of Captain James Cook (London, 1788), p. 497.

46. Jerome Lobo, A Voyage to Abyssinia (London, 1735), p. viii.

47. Concerning the idealization of the Chinese, see Donald F. Lach, "Leibniz and China," Journal of the History of Ideas 6 (1945): 436-455.

48. Quoted in William W. Appleton, A Cycle of Cathay: The Chinese Vogue in England During the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (New York, 1951), p. 50.

49. Ibid., pp. 27-36.

48. Quoted in William W. Appleton, A Cycle of Cathay: The Chinese Vogue in England During the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (New York, 1951), p. 50.

49. Ibid., pp. 27-36.

50. Samuel Johnson, "Review of Du Halde's Description of China," Gentleman's Magazine 8 (1738): 365.

51. Henry Fielding, Joseph Andrews , edited by Martin C. Battestin (Middletown, Conn., 1967), bk. I, chap. 17.

52. Lancelot Addison, West Barbary; or, A Short Narrative of the Resolutions in the Kingdoms of Fez and Morocco (Oxford, 1671), sig. a2r.

53. William Wotton, Reflections upon Ancient and Modern Learning (1694); cited in Irene Simon, ed., Neo-Classical Criticism: 1660-1800 (Columbia, S.C., 1971), p. 89.

54. Philosophical Transactions 4 (52) (17 Oct. 1669) plate facing p. 1041.