E

Earthquakes, 89 , 169

Education: after independence, 66 -72;

before independence, 11 -12;

expenditure in, 80 , 202 n.35;

and inequality, 187 ;

and war, 186

Ejidos: and communal lands, 132 ;

defined, 27 ;

geographical location, 141 ;

importance, 88 -90;

labor in, 142 , 156 ;

and liberal reforms, 125 , 128 , 135 , 147 , 150 ;

as obstacle to coffee, 126 , 127 , 131 ;

production in, 22 , 100 , 101 , 145 ;

size of holdings, 129 , 130 , 148 ;

and surveyors, 181 . See also Land;

Liberal reforms

El Triunfo, 173

Electricity, 184

Encuentros, 180

Engineering, 148 , 181

England. See Great Britain

Entrepreneurship, 4 , 122

Escuela Politécnica, 65 , 70

Escuela de la República, 12

Espinosa, Tomás, 132

Exports: coffee and indigo, 60 , 152 , 154 , 155 ;

per capita, 102 , 123 ;

total, 41 , 60 , 113 , 167 . See also Coffee;

Indigo

Exposition Universel, 152

Ezeta, Carlos: and gold standard, 153 , 163 -166, 177 , 216 n.52;

ouster, 164 , 168